MOKASA HISTORY JOINT EVALUATION TESTS

Maverick John

1 month ago

HISTORY 311/1 QUESTIONS & MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25marks)

Answer all questions

Name one source of the history of Kenyan community during pre-colonial period

Oral tradition
Anthropology
Linquistics
Genetics
Written sources
Archeology 1×1=1 mk

Name one city state that developed on the Kenyan coast by 1500 AD

Mombasa
Gedi
Sofala
Vumba
Lamu
Kilwa e.t.c. 1×1=1 mk

State two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade

Their land was unsuitable for agriculture
Their land was centrally situated between the coast and the interior making it possible for them to
High demand for ivory
Availability of trade goods
They were skilled traders 2×1=2 mks

State one negative effect of the Indian Ocean trade before 1500 AD

Importation of goods led to decline of local industries
Led to destruction of wild life due to increased demand for ivory
East Coast was exposed to foreigners who eventually colonized the region
It increased inter – communal warfare due to the demand of slaves

Name the Nandi leader during their resistance to the British colonial rule

– Koitalel Arap samoei 1×1=1mk

State two effects of the land alienation on the Africans

Led to widespread poverty among Africans
Led to development of the squatter system
Africans were pushed into created reserves and marginal areas
Led to overcrowding in reserves
Led to misery, low wages and poor working conditions among Africans 2×1=2 mks

Name two chartered companies that acquired colonies in east Africa

I.B.E.A. Co
G.E.A Co 2×1=2 mks

State two factors which undermine the performance of local authorities in Kenya

Inadequate funds – to finance them services
Lack of administrative autonomy since the ministry of local government has wide powers above
Tax evasion- by individuals and organizations which pose a problem for their operations
Mismanagement due to lack of qualified staff/ nepotism/ tribalism
Population pressure which puts a lot of strain to the local authorities making it impossible to provide adequate social services e.g. water, housing e.t.c.
Size of local authority – the power given to the minister to upgrade local authorities has been misused whereas some are too small and too poor to undertake responsibility expected of them

Name the British governor that was involved in the drafting of the Kenyan multi-racial

constitution in 1954

Lyttleton 1×1=1

State two reasons why the Kenyan prisons are categorized

Gender sensitivity/ sex
Age
Different crimes committed

Identify two types of local authorities in Kenya

County councils
City councils
Municipal councils
Town councils
Urban and area councils 2×1=2 mks

State one function of the Orkoiyot in the pre colonial Kenya

Settled disputes
Presided over religious functions
Maintained law and order
Blessed warriors before going to war

Give two reasons why the British used direct rule in administering most parts of Kenya

Had enough manpower
Most Kenyan communities resisted colonial rule
Most communities had decentralized system of government except the Wanga
Had capital 2×1=2 mks

State two ways one can become a Kenyan citizen

By birth
By registration
Naturalization 2×1=2 mks

State two challenges facing the free primary education in Kenya

Congestion/ over crowding in schools
Delays in disbursement of funds
Inadequate teachers
Corruption/ mismanagement of funds meant for free primary education 2×1=2 mks

Give the main function of the Kenya anti corruption commission of Kenya (KACC)

To investigate cases of corruption and make public the findings 1×1=1 mk

Who appoints the district commissioner in Kenya

The President

SECTION B

(a) Describe the social organization of the mijikenda during the pre colonial period

It was clan based
Lived in fortified villages/ kayas
People had defined roles
Had social ceremonies such as planting and harvesting
Practiced polygamy and payment of dowry
Believed in supreme being known as Mulungu
Worshipped ancestral spirits
Had prophets and medicine men
Practiced circumcision 7×1=7 mks

(b) Explain the effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya

Led to increase in population in the regions they settled
Spread iron working into the regions and other communities like the Luo adopted the art
Led to trading activities e.g. agikuyu and Maasai, Abagusii and Luo
Led to exchange of knowledge i.e. Bantu adopted age set system and practice of circumcision from the cushites
Enrichment of languages due to word borrowing
Led to cultural interaction of Bantu hence assimilated some Southern Cushites and some Bantu were assimilated by Nilotes and Cushites
Led to displacement of some communities e.g. the Gumba and athi
Led to intermarriages with other communities 8×1=8 mks

(a) Identify five grievances of the kikuyu central association against the British colonial

government in Kenya

Releases of harry Thuku
End of Kipande system
Return alienated land of the Agikuyu
Demand for African representation in Legco
An elected Kikuyu paramount chief
Increased educational opportunities for Africans 5×2=10 mks

(b) Describe at least five roles played by Ronald Ngala in the struggle for independence in Kenya

He joined the coast association (CAA) in 1947 which expressed the problems and hopes of the Mijikenda people
He was a founder member of the Mombasa african Democratic Union
He also helped to form the Kilifi African Peoples Union
In 1957 he was elected to the Legco to represent coast rural constituency
He was the treasurer of AEMO
AEMO forced the colonial government to introduce the Lennox- Boyd constitution of 1958
He was instrumental in the formation of KADU to defend the interests of the minority African groups against possible domination by KANu
He became the president of KADU
He attended the first Lancaster House Conference to discuss the independence
He supported and called for the release of detained leaders
1960, he was appointed minister for labour, social security and adult education
1961, KADU under the leadership of Ngala formed the 1^st independence government
In 1962 he became minister of state for constitutional affairs
In 1963 he was elected to the House of representatives as a member of Kilifi 5×2=10 mks

(a) State five factors that contributed to the growth of Nairobi city in Kenya

Availability of water
Construction of the Kenya- Uganda railway – it acted as a railway depot
Was centrally placed- acted as intersection of different transport routes
Trading activities
Establishment of administrative posts/ military posts
Good climate suitable for farming and settlement
Cool temperatures which favoured the European settlement
Flat land suitable for railway workshops hence encouraged settlements 5×1=5 mks

(b) Explain the positive effects of urbanization to Kenya

Created employment opportunities for many Africans
Led to formation of tribal/ social welfare associations
Promoted national integration
Led to small entrepreneurship e.g. traders to earn a living
Led to rise of trade unions to promote the welfare of workers
Led to cultural interaction
Created market for agricultural products in the surrounding environment
Industries expanded due to availability of labour 5×2=10 mks

(a) State five features of early political associations in Kenya between 1919-1935

They were ethnic based
Their grievances were quite similar
They did not advocate for independence but clamored for better living conditions and an end to colonial exploitation
They did not attract a large following
They were led by mission educated young men
Non- militarial
Formed in response to social economic problems 5×1=5mks

(b) Explain five factors that promoted the growth of African nationalism in Kenya between

1945 and 1963

African participation in the 2^nd world War
Indians and Burmas independence in 1947 and 1948 respectively, gave nationalists a strong urge to fight for their liberation
KAU mobilized Africans against colonial office to institute constitutional changes
African elected members in the Legco put pressure through their organization AEMO
Ghana’s independence in 1957 under Kwameh Nkrumah championed the cause of nationalist struggle through Pan Africanism
Formation of national political parties such as KANU, KADU and APP intensified the struggle
Jomo Kenyatta played a great role of trying to unite Kenyan against colonial rule
British labour party took over power after 1945 and its policies were against colonization
Maumau activities- made Africans more determined to achieve independence through oathing

SECTION C(30MKS)

Answer any two questions

(a) What factors led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990

Western aid conditions – a number of countries made it clear that they would grant aid only to developing countries that embraced democratic policies and pluralistic politics
Unification of Germany – it marked the end of the cold war and communism USSR lot her power in the world leaving USA to promote its political ideology of advocating liberal democracy throughout the world
Political changes in the USSR e.g. some of her republics broke away from the union and started independent governments. These developments spelt change for Kenya
Multi- party having been successful in other countries e.g. Zambia
Pressure from the church e.g. Rev Njoya, Bishop Muge and Bishop Henry Okullo
Dissatisfaction with the 1988 general election that were alleged to have been rigid due to the queuing system
KANU’s response to criticism e.g. those who criticized the government for corruption and other ills were arrested and others expelled from KANU
Pressure from lawyers and journalists
Saitoti review committee report of 1990. as a result of the recommendations section 2A of the constitution was reviewed reverting the country to a multi- party democracy

(b) Explain how the existence of many parties has promoted democracy in Kenya

They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to join parties of their choice
They promote accountability and transparency in the government
They mobilize people to participate in democratic process as well as development
They create public awareness on certain issues e.g. referendum
They help provide an alternative perspectives on parliamentary debate on certain issues like children’s rights and environment sell alternatives ideas to the citizens
They check the excesses of the government by letting the public know the ills being done by the government e.g. Anglo- leasing scandal
They lay more ground for training the future leaders 5×2=10 mks

(a) Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya

The flag

National anthem
Loyalty pledge
Coat of arms
National awards 3×1=3 mks

(b) Explain six factors which promote national unity in Kenya

National languages i.e. Kiswahili and English
Education – pupils are drawn from different ethnic groups to interact freely in public and private schools
The constitution – protects all Kenyan from any form of discrimination based on race, colour, tribe e.t.c.
Intermarriages, sports and games
Equal distribution of resources e.g. hospitals, schools
National philosophies e.g. Harambee and Nyayoism call unity among different ethnic communities to pull together their resources for development- they emphasize peace, love and unity
Urbanization
The institution of the presidency – he represents and protects all Kenyans 6×2=12 mks

(a) state five ways through which the Kenyan government raises its revenue

Direct taxes e.g. paye, stamp duty and capital gains tax
Indirect taxes e.g. sales tax, custom duty, excise duty, VAT
Sale of government bonds and treasury bills
Profit acquired by parastatals
Charges on provision of government services e.g. water, electricity, medical treatment
Land rates levies on land paid by citizens and companies as rent
House rent from government buildings
Fees/ levies on fuel and mining fees paid by millers
Court fines
Tourism fees paid as entrance to game reserves and national parks 5×1=5 mks

(b) Describe ways in which the parliament in Kenya controls government expenditure

Public investment committee ensures that public finance is spent for the intended purpose
Before any money is allocated to the government ministries and departments, it has to be approved by parliament
Government estimates have to be approved by parliament after they are prepared and presented by the minister for finance on budget day
All supplementary estimates must be approved by parliament and it also demands an explanation when money has to be returned to the treasury
Parliament requires all government expenditure to be audited and the audited reports presented to it for scrutiny and debate. This is done by the public Accounts Committee

5×1=10mks