WKNO |
L/
NO |
TOPIC/
SUBTOPIC |
LESSON / SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES |
TEACHING / LEARNING
ACTIVITIES |
MATERIALS
/ RESOURCES |
REFERENCES | REMARKS |
1 | 1
|
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Introduction.
Transport in plants
Transport in simple plants. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define transport.
Explain importance of transport in plants and animals. Describe transport in simple plants. |
Q/A and discussion; Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 1 |
||
External structure of the root. | Relate the external structure of the root to its function.
State primary functions of roots.
|
Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot. Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions. Q/A: Functions of roots.
|
Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.
Petri-dish Razor blade. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 1-2 |
|||
2 | Internal structure of the root. | Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions. | Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.
|
Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4 |
SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM ONE 20
Structure and functions of the stem. | To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.
|
Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.
Detailed discussion. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5 |
||||||
3 | Internal structure of the stem. | To draw and label internal stem structures. | Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems. | Wall charts – Internal structure of the stem. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7 |
||||
4 | Absorption of water and mineral salts. | To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.
|
Discussion and Explanations. | Wall charts –
Root hairs. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 – 9 |
||||
2 | 1 | Significance and types of Transpiration. | To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration. |
Probing questions,
Discussion, Explanations. |
Wall charts –
Internal structure of a leaf. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12 |
|||
Factors affecting rate of transpiration. | To state and explain factors affecting transpiration. | Q/A:
Discussion Explanations. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14 |
||||||
2
|
The Xylem tissue.
Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
|
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.
To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
|
Q/A:
Discussion Explanations Drawing diagrams.
|
Wall charts-The xylem tissue. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12 |
||||
3 | Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | Class experiments: Transpiration on both sides of a broad leaf.
Making observations on colour changes of cobalt II Chloride paper.
|
Cobalt II
Chloride paper Forceps. Potometer. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 14 – 16 |
||||
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | Discuss above observations.
Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. Answer questions. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 18 |
||||||
4 | Translocation of organic compounds. | To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue. |
Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue. Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.
|
Chart – phloem tissue. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17 |
||||
3 | 1
|
Transport in Animals.
Open and closed circulatory systems.
Open circulatory system in insects. |
To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.
To discuss open circulatory system in insects.
|
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing and labeling diagrams.
|
Charts- Circulatory systems. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 – 19 |
|||
2 | Single and double circulatory systems. | To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems. | Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point. |
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20 |
PP.20-21 | |||
The mammalian heart – external structure. | To describe the external structure of the heart. | Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart. | Model of a heart. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 – 22 |
|||||
3 | Internal structure of mammalian heart. | Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts. | Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart. | Model of a heart, wallcharts. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23 |
||||
4 | Pumping mechanism of the heart. | To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.
|
Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.
|
Stopwatches. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 – 24 |
||||
4 | 1 | Pulse rate. | Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate. |
Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.
|
Stopwatches. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 – 31 |
|||
2
3 |
Structure of arteries.
Major arteries. |
To describe the structure of arteries.
To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.
|
Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.
|
Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25 |
||||
4 | C.A.T. | ||||||||
5 | MID TERM BREAK |
6 | 1 | Veins.
|
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins. To state differences between veins and arteries.
|
Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.
|
Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29 |
|
2 | Capillaries. | To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport |
Discussion and explanations.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26 |
|||
3,4 | Diseases and defects of the circulatory system. | To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system. | Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 – 32 |
|||
7 | 1
2 |
Composition of blood.
The plasma. |
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.
|
Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 – 33 |
||
3,4 | Red blood cells. | To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.
|
Detailed discussion and explanations. | Wall charts. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 – 34 |
8 | 1 | White blood cells. | To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells. |
Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 – 35 |
||
2 | Platelets. | To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets. |
Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35 |
|||
3,4 | Blood clotting. | To describe the blood clotting process.
To explain importance of blood clotting.
|
Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion. |
Blood smear, microscope. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36 |
||
9 | 1,
2 |
Blood groups,
Antigens and antibodies. |
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups. |
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present. | Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages |
|
3,4 | Blood transfusion. | To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups. To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.
|
Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion. Completing a table of compatible blood groups. |
Blood transfusion resource person. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 – 31 |
||
10 | END OF TERM ONE EXAMINATIONS |
SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM TWO 2021
|
|||||||||
WKNO |
L/
NO |
TOPIC/
SUBTOPIC |
LESSON / SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES |
TEACHING / LEARNING
ACTIVITIES |
MATERIALS
/ RESOURCES |
REFERENCES | REMARKS | ||
1 | 1 | The Rhesus factor. | To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance. | Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38 |
||||
2 | Lymph. | To describe formation and functions of lymph. | Exposition, discussion and explanations. | Chart- the lymphatic system. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 38 – 40 |
||||
3,4 | Immune responses. | To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.
|
Detailed explanations and open discussion.
To explain the role of vaccination / immunization. Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.
|
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 40 – 41 |
||||
2 | 1 | Allergic reactions. | To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself. To explain cause of allergic reactions.
|
Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.
Exposition and brief explanations. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43 |
||||
Organ transplant. | To identify organs that are normally transplanted. | Q/A: Organs transplanted.
Superficial discussion.
Topic review. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43 |
||||||
2 | GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Introduction.
Gaseous exchange in plants. |
To explain importance of gaseous exchange.
To describe gaseous exchange in plants. |
Discussion Explanations
Q/A: Products of respiration. Detailed discussion.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48 |
|||||
Release of CO2 by plants. | To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants. | Class experiments including control experiments.
Explain the observations made.
|
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49 |
|||||
3 | Release of O2 by plants. | To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.
|
Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations. |
Gas jar,
Glass funnel, Water plant, Beaker. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49 |
||||
3 | 1 | Stomata. | To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.
|
Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51 |
||||
2 | Opening & closing of stomata. | To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.
|
Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51 |
|||||
3,4 | Stomata and habitats of plants. | To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.
|
Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
Discuss the observations. |
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51 |
||||
4 | 1 | Lenticels. | To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.
|
Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52 |
||||
2 | Respiratory surfaces in animals. | To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces. To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
|
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53 |
|||||
3,4 | Gaseous exchange in protozoa. | To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba. | Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53 |
|||||
5 | 1,2 | Gaseous exchange in insects. | To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects | Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system. Detailed discussion.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54 |
||||
3,4 | Breathing in insects. | To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect. | Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
|
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 |
||||
6 | 1 | Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | Observing and counting spiracles on the abdomen of an insect. | Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 |
|||
2 | Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof. | Live specimens of insects.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 |
||||
3,4 | Gaseous exchange in a bony fish. | To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface. To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
|
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion. |
A gill of a fish. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57 |
||||
7 | 1,2 | C.A.T. | |||||||
3,4 | Gaseous exchange in amphibians. | To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog. | Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58 |
|||||
8 | 1 | Gaseous exchange in mammals.
|
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
|
Discuss at length man’s respiratory system. | Wall chart- Respiratory system in man. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59 |
|||
The structure of the lungs. | To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions. | Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations. | Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1 |
|||||
2 | Inhalation. | To describe the process of inhalation in man. | Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.
|
Chart / model of a rib cage. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62 |
||||
Exhalation. | To describe the process of exhalation in man. | Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.
|
Chart / model of a rib cage. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62 |
|||||
3 | Thoracic cavity model. | To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity. | Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
|
Thoracic cavity model. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63 |
||||
9 | 1 | Gaseous exchange in an alveolus. | To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.
|
Discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64 |
||||
2 | Rate of breathing in man. | To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.
|
Discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63 |
|||||
3,4 | Intercostal muscles. | To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
|
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.
|
Lime water, rib cage model. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66 |
||||
10 | 1,2 | Inhaled and exhaled air. | To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale. | Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion. |
Lime water. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67 |
|||
3,4 | Diseases of the respiratory system. | To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases. | Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc. | Resource person. | K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70 |
||||
11 |
END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATIONS
|
||||||||
SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM THREE 2021
|
||||||||||
WKNO |
L/
NO |
TOPIC/
SUBTOPIC |
LESSON / SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES |
TEACHING / LEARNING
ACTIVITIES |
MATERIALS
/ RESOURCES |
REFERENCES | REMARKS | |||
1 | 1 |
RESPIRATION
Introduction – Definition and importance of respiration.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration. To explain significance of respiration. |
Q/A: Definition
Brief discussion of significance of respiration. |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74 |
|||||
2 | Burning food. | To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt. | Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion. |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74 |
||||||
3,4 | The mitochondrion. | To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration. | Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion. |
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion | K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74 |
|||||
2 | 1 | Aerobic respiration. | To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. |
Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76 |
|||||
2 | Anaerobic respiration. | To describe anaerobic respiration. | Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
|
Glucose
Yeast Thermometer
|
K.L.B. BK 2
P.77 |
|||||
3 | Oxygen “debt”. | To explain the term “oxygen debt”.
To explain the effect of “oxygen debt” on the amount of energy released during respiration.
|
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion. |
K.L.B. BK 2
P.78 |
||||||
4 | Applications of anaerobic respiration. | To explain applications of anaerobic respiration. | Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79 |
||||||
3 | 1 | Respiratory substrates
& respiratory quotient. |
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient. To calculate R.Q. |
Brief discussion/ explanations.
Exposition of definition and its significance. Problem solving. |
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79 |
|||||
2 | Rate of respiration. | To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration. | Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81 |
||||||
3,4 | EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
|
To define homeostasis and excretion. To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals. |
Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.
Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.
|
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84 |
|||||
4 | CAT AND MID TERM BREAK | |||||||||
5 | 1 | Excretion in plants. | To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.
|
Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms. Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products. |
Some plants excretory products. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84 |
||||
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms. | Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium. | Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85 |
|||||||
2 | Excretion and homeostasis in animals. | To identify excretory organs in various animals. | Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs. |
Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85 |
|||||
3 | The mammalian skin. | State functions of the mammalian skin as an excretory organ.
|
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
Detailed discussion. |
Wall chart- The mammalian skin. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP.85-86 |
|||||
4 | The mammalian skin. | Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.
|
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87 |
||||||
6 | 1 | The lungs. | To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.
|
Exposition and discussion. | Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87 |
||||
2 | The kidneys structure.
|
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney. |
Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney. |
Wall-Charts—internal organs of a kidney.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90 |
|||||
3 | The nephron. | Describe features of the nephron. | Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron. Label the diagram. |
Chart—Kidney nephron. | ||||||
4 | Urine formation. | To explain formation of urine. | Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 90-91 |
||||||
7 | 1 | The loop of Henle. | To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it’s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine. |
Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions. |
Chart-
The nephron. |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 91-92 |
||||
Kidney diseases and disorders. | To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment. | Discussion and Explanations. | K.L.B. BK 2
P. 92 |
|||||||
2 | The Liver. | To draw and label a diagram of the liver. | Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver. | Chart-Structure of the liver | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 93-94 |
|||||
Deamination. | To explain the function of the liver in deamination. | Probing questions.
Discussion |
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 95 |
|||||||
3 | Other functions of the liver. | To state and explain other functions of the liver. | Probing questions.
Discussion |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 95-96 |
||||||
Liver disorders. | To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
|
Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 96-97 |
|||||||
4 | Homeostasis. | To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis. | Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 97-98 |
||||||
The feedback mechanism. | To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.
|
Schematic representation of feedbacks.
Exposition and discussion. |
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 97-98 |
||||||
8 | 1 | The hypothalamus. | To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation. | Exposition and detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
P. 98 |
|||||
2 | The skin and thermoregulation. | To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation. | Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
P. 98 |
||||||
3,4 | Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation. | To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.
|
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams. |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 98- 99 |
||||||
9 | 1 | Homeostatic behavioral activities. | To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities. | Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions. |
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 99 |
|||||
2 | Osmoregulation. | To describe water and salts balance in the body. | Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 100-101 |
||||||
3 | Blood sugar. | To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.
To explain regulation of blood sugar.
|
Detailed discussion.
Detailed discussion. |
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 101-2
|
||||||
4 | Diabetes. | To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus.
To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus.
|
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions.
Topic review. |
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 103 |
||||||
10 |
END OF YEAR EXAMINATIONS
|
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