Karatina University Course List, Fees, Requirements, How to Apply

Chapter Five

CURRENT ELECTRICITY (II)

ELECTRIC CURRENT AND POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

• A basic electric circuit comprises electrical components, i.e., bulbs, cells, etc., connected together by copper wires to enable electric charges to flow from oneterminal of the electrical source, through the components, to the other terminal.

Electric Current

• An electric current is the rate of flow of charge through a conductor.
• Electric current is measured using anammeter.

 

Using an Ammeter

• Before connecting the ammeter in the circuit, ensure that the pointer is at zero mark on the scale.

If this is not the case, use the zero adjusting screw to move it to the correct position,

• The ammeter is an instrument oflow resistance.

It is thus connected in series with other components in the circuit so that conventional current enters the ammeter through its positive terminal and exits through the negative terminal.

If the terminals are interchanged, the pointer moves away from thescale in anticlockwise direction. This can damage the instrument.

• An appropriate scale should be selected to safeguard the coil of the meter from blowing up.

If 5A scale is selected, the meter can safely read up to a maximum of 5 A.

With such a scale, ten divisions represent 1A.

For scale of2.5 A, ten divisions represent 0.5A.

• The readings on the ammeter are 2.45Awhen using 0 – 5 A scale, or 1.225A for0 – 5 scale.
• It should be noted that more accurate digital ammeters are available in the market.

Potential Difference

• Electric potential difference (p. d) is defined as the work done per unit charge in moving charge from one point to another.
• The device that produces energy to do this work is called a source of electromotive force (e.m.f).

The source may be :

• a battery, which converts chemical energy to electrical energy,
• a generator, which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• When the battery does the work of ‘pumping’ charges through a conductor or an electrical device, an electric potential difference (p.d.) develops between its ends.
• This potential difference is measured in volts using the voltmeter.

From the equation, one volt is equal to one joule per coulomb.
Example 1

In moving a charge of 10 coulombs from point B, 120 joules of work is done. What is the
potential difference between A and B?

Solution

Using a Voltmeter

• The pointer is adjusted to zero as with the ammeter.
• A voltmeter is always connected across (in parallel to) the device across which the voltage is to be measured.
• This is because it is an instrument with high resistance to flow of current, hence takes little current in the circuit.
• Note that the positive terminal of the voltmeter is connected to the positive terminal of the electrical power source.
• The appropriate scale should be selected, and, when taking the reading, parallax error
  should be avoided.

Points at Same Electric Potential

• The two voltmeters VI and V₂in figure below indicate the same reading.
• This is because a good conductor of electricity joins points A and D.
• The same applies to points Band C.
• Points A and D are said to be at the same electric potential, so are points Band C.
• Each of the voltmeters VIand V 2 therefore measure the potential difference (or voltage) between points Aand B.
• Note that the electric potential at A is higher than that at B, hence, conventional current flows from point A to B through an external circuit (bulb).

 

To investigate the current and voltage in a parallel circuit arrangement

Apparatus

Two 1.5 V cells, 3 identical bulbs, 3 ammeters, 4 voltmeters, switch, connecting wires.

Procedure

• Connect the circuit as shown in ABOVE
• Switch on the circuit and take the readings on the ammeters A₁‘ A₂, A₃and A₄.
• Switch off the circuit and disconnect the ammeters.
• Connect the voltmeters as shown in figure BELOW
• Take the readings on V1′ V₂, V3 and V₄

Observation

• Reading on A1+ Reading on A2 + Reading onV3= Reading on A4
• Reading on VI = Reading on V₂= Reading on V3 = Reading on V₄

Note:

When components are connected in parallel:

• the sum of the currents in parallel circuits is equal to the total current. Thus, the total current flowing into a junction equals the total current flowing out.
• the same voltage drops across each of them (since their terminals are at the same electric
  potential),

 

Example 2

Find the current passing through L1in figure below given that 0.8 A passes through the battery, 0.28 A through L2 and 0.15 A though L₃•

To investigate current and voltage in series arrangement

Apparatus

Three ammeters, four voltmeters, three 2.8 V torch bulbs, holder, switch, connecting wires,
two cells.

 

 

Procedure

• Connect the circuit as shown in figure above
• Switch on the circuit and record the ammeter readings.
• Switch off the current and disconnect the ammeters.
• Connect the voltmeters as shown in figure below

Switch on the circuit and record the voltmeter readings.

Observations

(i) The reading of current by the ammeters A1and1A2 and A1, is the same.

(ii) The total voltage drops across the bulbs (V 1+ V 2 + V 3) equals the total voltage V 4 acrossthe terminals of the battery.

Note:

The above statements are true even when the bulbs are not identical.

 

 

Conclusion

In a series arrangement,

• the same current flows through each component.
• The sum of the voltage drops across the components is equal to supply voltage.

 

Example 3

In the circuit shown below, what is the potential difference across the bulb and the switchwhen the:
(a) switch is open?

(b) switch is closed?

 

 

 

 

 

(a)     Potential difference across the bulb is zero since no current is flowing through it, while
the p.d across the switch is 1.5 V.

(b) The p.d across the bulb is 1.5 V, since a closed switch is a conductor and has zero voltage.

 

 

OHM’S LAW

The relationship between the voltage across a conductor and the current flowing through it is
summarized in what is referred to as Ohm’s law.

To investigate the relationship between current and voltage across a nichrome wire

Apparatus

Two-metre nichrome wire, 2 dry cells, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, switch, rheostat.

Procedure

• Set up the circuit as shown in figure above
• Set the current flowing in the circuit to the least possible value.
• With the help of the rheostat, vary in steps the current flowing in the circuit and note the corresponding voltage drop across the coil.
• Record the results in table
• Plot a graph of voltage against current.

Current(A)
Voltage(v)

Observation

As current increases, voltage across the coil also increases.

A graph of voltage against current is a straight line, as shown in figure

 

Conclusion

• The graph obtained is a straight line that passes through the origin.
• Voltage is therefore directly proportional to current.
• The gradient i.e is constant known as the resistance of the wire
• The resistance
• The S1 unit of resistance is the Ohm (Q).
• This is known as Ohm’s law, which states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it provided the temperature and other physical conditions are kept constant.
• Ohms’ law can be verified using the same procedure as in experiment above, with the coil being replaced by a standard resistor.
• The graph of current against voltage is a straight line through the origin.

 

Voltage (Volts)

• The gradient of the graph, , gives the reciprocal of resistance (conductance whose unit is Ω^-1or Siemens (s)
• Thus, resistance =
• Since V
• V = IR, where V is the potential difference, I the current and R the resistance.
• Thus, Ohm’s law can also be expressed as
• From Ohm’s law, an ohmis defined as the resistance of a conductor when a current of 1 A flowing through it produces a voltage drop of 1 V across its ends. The multiples of ohms in common use are:
• 1 kilohm (kΩ) = 1 000 Ω
• 1 Megohm (MΩ) = 1 000 000 Ω

 

Example 4

A current of 4 mA flows through a conductor of resistance 2 00Ω. Calculate the voltage across the conductor.

Solution

Example 5

Calculate the current in amperes flowing through a device of resistance 50Ω when a 10 V
source is connected to it.

Solution

Example 6

In order to start a certain car, a current of 30 A must flow through the starter motor. Calculate
the resistance of the motor given that the battery supplies a voltage of 12 V. Ignore the internal resistance of the battery.

 

Ohmic and Non-ohmic Conductors

• Conductors that obey Ohm’s law (i.e., voltage across is directly proportional to current) are called ohmic conductors.
• Nichrome wire in experiment above is an ohmic conductor.
• When theexperiment is repeated with a torch filament, an electrolyte, a thermistor, a semiconductor diode, a thermionic diode or discharged tubes in place of the nichrome coil, the following I-V graphs are obtain

 

 

• A material whose graph is not a straight-line graph is said to be non-ohmic.
• The resistance of such a material changes with current flow.

 

Electrical Resistance

• Electrical resistance is the opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current.
• It occurs when a charge flowing through a conductor has its movement impeded by collisions with the atom and impurities in the conductor.

 

Factors that affect the Resistance of a Metallic Conductor

Temperature

• The resistance of good conductors of electricity, like metals, increases with increase temperature.
• Heating increases the vibrations of atoms thereby increasing the collisions per cross-section area of the conductor.
• The opposition to the flow of electrons thus increases as temperature is increased.
• This does not, however, mean that the resistance of, say, copper can fall to zero at extremely low temperatures.
• Length of the Conductor
• The resistance R of a uniform conductor of a given material is directly proportional to its length l i.e
• Hence ,resistance = constant x length…………………………………… (l)
• So, for a given conductor,
• As the length of the conductor increases, so does the resistance.
• Cross-section Area
• The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to its cross-section area A.
• A conductor with a larger cross-section area has many free electrons for conduction, hence better conductivity.

From the above

Resistance x cross-section area = constant …………………………………(2)

For a given conductor therefore, RA = constant.

Combining equation 1 and equation 2

where  is the resisitivity of the material.

• The resistivity of a material is numerically equal to the resistance of a sample of the material of unit length and unit cross section area at a certain temperature.
• The unit of p is the ohm-metre (Om).
• The resistivity of a material is dependent on temperature. For metal conductors, it increases with increase in temperature while for semiconductors; it decreases with increase in temperature.

Note:

It is helpful to express all lengths in meters so as to obtain resistivity in ohm-metre units. Every material has its resisitivity

 

Material	Resisitivity (Qm)	Uses
Silver	1.6 x 10.8	Contacts on some switches
Copper	1.7 x 10.8	Connecting wires
Aluminium	2.8 x 10.8	Power cables
Tungsten	5.5 x 10.8	Lamp filaments
Constantan	49 x 10.8	Resistance boxes, variable resistors
Nichrome	100 x 10-8	Heating elements
Carbon	3000 x 10-8	Radio resistors
Glass	10-8_ 1014
Polystyrene	1015

 

Resistors

• Resistors are conductors specially designed to offer particular resistance to the flow of electric current.
• They are made from many different materials which include resistance wires, metal
  alloys and carbon.
• Most wire-wound resistors are made of nichrome wire covered with an insulating material.
• Some metals may not make good resistors because of the effect of temperature on their resistance.
• Temperature does not however show significant effect on the resistance of some other materials like constantan and manganin.
• These metals may be mixed with carbon to make standard resistors.

 

Types of resistors

Fixed resistor

• They include wire-wound and carbon resistors.
• They are designed to give fixed resistance.
• The symbol for a fixed resistor.

 

 

 

• A fixed resistor can be wire (e.g. nichrome) wound or carbon type.

Variable Resistors

These are resistors with a varied range of resistance. They include:

1. Rheostat

A rheostat is a two-terminal variable resistor represented in electrical circuits by the symbol

Moving the sliding contact along the length of the resistant material varies the resistance
between points A and B.

When the contact is nearer end A, the resistance of the rheostat is lower.

 

1. Potentiometer

The potentiometer is a variable resistor with three terminals.

Its symbol is shown above.

In potentiometers, a contact is moved to select desired proportions of the total voltage across them.

 

Non-Linear Resistors

The current flowing through these resistors does not change linearly with the changes in the
applied voltage.

Such resistors include the thermistor and light dependent resistor (LDR).

1. Light-dependent Resistor (LDR)

The resistance of an LDR decreases when it receives light of increasing intensity. Its symbol

 

1. Thermistor

The thermistor is a temperature-dependent resistor.

Its resistance decreases with increase in temperature.

The electrical symbol of a thermistor is

Thermistors are used in heat-operated circuits.

 

To determine the resistance of a resistor using the voltmeter-ammeter method

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procedure

Set up the circuit as shown in the figure 5.24.

With the switch open, record the voltmeter reading V and the corresponding ammeter reading I.
Switch on the current and, by adjusting the variable resistor, record at least five other
values of V and the corresponding I.

Record your results in the table 5.3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5.3 Compare values of i‘

Plot a graph of V (vertical axis) against I. Note the shape of the graph.
Determine the slope (gradient) of the graph.

Observation

When the switch is open, no current flows through the resistor and therefore both the ammeter
and the voltmeter reading is zero.

When the current through the resistor increases, the voltage across it also increases. An
approximate value of the resistance of the resistor is obtained by dividing the value of the
voltage across the resistor by the corresponding current flowing through it and substituting in the

equationR = i.

The graph of V against I is a straight line whose gradient gives resistance, see figure
5.12. The resistance obtained cannot be accurate since the voltmeter takes some little current,
thus not all of it flows through the resistor.

The Wheatstone Bridge Method

The Wheatstone bridge consists of four resistors and a galvanometer, as shown in figure 5.25.
The operation of the bridge involves making adjustments to one or two of the resistors until
there is no deflection in the galvanometer.

•

 

Fig. 5.25: The Wheatstone bridge

The four resistors K, L, M and N are joined as shown. If K is the unknown resistance, the
values of L, M and N, or the ratio ofM to N must be known. A galvanometer G and a dry cell

are connected as shown.                         .

The variable resistor L (commonly a resistance box) is adjusted until there is no deflection
in G. The bridge is then said to be balanced. No current flows through G at balance and
therefore, the p.d. across BD is zero. At the same time, the potential difference across AB is
then equal to that across AD. Also, the same current I) flows through K and L and current 12

flows through M and N. Then;                                       .

11 = 13 and 12 = 14

Therefore, I) K = 12 M (from V = IR)
Similarly, ~L = I₄N.

So, IlL=’I₂N

11K _ 12M
IlL – I2N

Therefore, ~ = ~ when the bridge is balanced.

The Wheatstone bridge is more accurate in measuring resistance than the voltmeter-
ammeter method because the value obtained by using the wheatstone bridge method does not
depend on the accuracy of the current-measuring instrument (galvanometer) used.

The Metre Bridge

Figure 5.26 shows a practical form of the Wheatstone bridge known as the metre bridge.

 

Fig. 5.26: Meter bridge

The wire AC of uniform cross-section area and length 1 m with a resistance of several ohms
and made of an alloy such as constantan. The length AD represents resistor M while length CD
represents resistor N. The ratio of M to N is altered by changing the position on the wire of the
movable contact D called ‘jockey’. The other arm of the bridge contains the unknown resistor
K and a known resistor L. The copper strips of low resistance connect the various parts. The
position of D is adjusted until there is no deflection in G. Then;

K = M = resistance of AD

L N resistance of DC

Since the wire is uniform cross-section, its resistance will be proportional to its length and

Hence’ K= AD _ XI
• L DC – X₂

Thus K= LXI

, X₂

The resistor L should be chosen to give balance points near the centre of the wire. This gives
a more accurate result. After obtaining the balance. K and L should be interchanged and a
second pair of values for XI and X₂ obtained. This average of the value eliminates errors due to
non-uniformity of the wire and end corrections. In finding the balance point, the cell key or
switch should be closed before the jockey makes contact with the wire. This is necessary
because of the effect known as ‘self-induction’ in which the currents in the circuit take a short time to grow to their steady values. A high resistance should always be joined in series with
the galvanometer to protect it from damage whilst the balance is being sought.

Example 10

In an experiment to determine the resistance of a nichrome wire using the metre bridge, the
balance point was found to be at 38 em mark. If the value of the resistance in the right hand
gap needed to balance the bridge was 25 Q, calculate the value of the unknown resistor.

Resistor Networks

Resistors Connected in Series

Figure 5.28 shows three resistors connected in series.

 

 

 

 

Fig. 5.28: Resistorsin series

Since this is a series arrangement, V T = VI + V_z+ VyThe same current I flows through each of
the resistors. Using Ohm’s law and the fact that same current flows through the resistors;

I~ = I(R_I+ R₂+ R₃)

Diving through by I;

Thereforfor resistors connected in series, the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of individual resistances.

Example 11

Three resistors of 2.5 Q, 12 Q, and 3.5 Qare connected in series. What single resistor can
replace them in a circuit?

Example 12

Figure 5.29 shows three resistors in series connected to a power source. A current of 2 A flows
through the circuit.

 

 

Calculate:

(a) the voltage drop across each resistor.
(b) the voltage across the source.

(c) the total resistance in the circuit.

 

Resistors Connected in Parallel

Fig. 5.30 shows three resistorsRj, R, and R3 connected in parallel.

 

 

 

 

 

Example 13

The circuit diagram in figure 5.31 shows four resistors in parallel connected across a3 V supply.

 

 

Calculate:

(a) the effective resistance.

(b) the current through the 80 resistor.

Solution

 

(b) Current through the 8 0 resistor

 

 

Example 14

Two resistors

of 300 and 70 0 are connected in parallel. Calculate their equiva.ent resistance.

Example 15

Several 150 Q resistors are to be connected so that a current of 2 A flows from a 50 Y source.
How many resistors are required and how should they be connected?

Solution

Example 16

Calculate the current through each resistor in the figure 5.32.

 

 

Series – Parallel Arrangement

To find the effective resistance of a series – parallel arrangement, the network is systematically
reduced into a single resistor.

Example 17

Determine

the equivalent

resistance for the resistors in figure 5.33.

Since the 30 ,Qand 70 ,Q resistors are in parallel, the two can be replaced by a single one whose
value is;

The 21 ,Qresistor is now in series with the 19,Q resistor, see figure 5.34 (b). The two resistors
can be replaced by a single resistor R_AC= 19 + 21 = 40 ,Q, see figure 5.34 (c).

Example 21

Calculate the effective resistance in the figure 5.35.

 

Solution

The reduction begins by combining the 5 Q and 7 Q resistors, which are in series, to get 12 Q.
The circuit is then re-drawn as in figure 5.36 (a). The 12 Q resistor in parallel with the 8 Q

resistor may be replaced ~c == fft! == 4.8 Q. The circuit is re-drawn as in figure 5.36 (b).

 

Finally.the 4.8 Q is in series with the 4 Q resistor. giving an equivalent resistance of;
R_AC== 4 +4.8

== 8.8Q

Example 19

Two resistors of 6 Q and 3 Q in parallel are connected in series to a 4 Q resistor and a cell of
e.m.f. 1.5 V. Calculate:

(a)     the equivalent resistance of the circuit.

(b) the current through each of the resistors and the p.d. across each.

Solution

(b) Total current flows through the 4 Q resistor.

Now 16Q + 13Q = 0.25 A…………….. :           (1)

But, voltage across 6 Q = voltage across-3Q

6 X 16Q = 3 X 13Q

13Q = 216Q …………………….•… ~       ·i •••••• (2)

Substituting (2) in (1);
16Q + 216Q = 0.25 A

3 x 16Q= 0.25

16Q = 0.0833 A
Substituting in (2);

13Q = 2 x 0.0833

= 0.167 A

V6Q = 0.0833 x 6
=,0.5V

This is also the voltage across the 3 Q resistor, since they are in parallel.

Alternatively; .

,To calculate current ,through either 6,Q or 3 Q .resistor, U1e p.d, across them.must be

found first. Thus, p.d. across 6Q& 3′ Q’ + p.d. across 4· Q ~ voltage’ ofthesupply

 

 

 

Voltage across 412 resistor == ‘0.25 x 4
= 1 V

Hence, the voltage across (6Q and 3Q) is;

V = 1.5-1
V=0.5V

 

CUrrent through 6 Q	=	05
		6
	=	8.33 x 1O-2A
Current through 3 Q	=	0.5
		3
	=	1.67 X 10-1 A

 

 

 

 

Exampk20

Four resistors of 5 0, 13 0, 3 0 and 6 0 are connected to 6 V supply, as shown in figure 5.38.

 

Fig. 5.38 Calculate: (a) the current through the 13 0 resistor. (b) total current in the circuit. (c) voltage V AB and V BO. Solution (a)   From figure 5.38 (a), current from the supply divides into two parts at junction A. Part of it flows through the 5 0 resistor and the rest through 13 0 resistor. The current through the 13 0 divides into two at junction B, some flowing through the 3 0 and the rest through the 6 ,Q. The 3 ,Qand 6 ,Q resistors are in parallel and equivalent to a 2 ,Q resistor, which would then be in series with the, 13 ,Q resistor. The circuitin figure 5.38 (a) is thus reduced to the one in figure 5.38 (b). The 13 0 and 2 O’inseries”f<:nw a resistor that is in parallel with the 5 ,Q resistor. The p.d. across the 13 ,Qand 2 ,Q resistor, is equal to the supply of 6 V. 6 Current through 13.Q = 13 + 2 = 6 15 = O.4A

 

 

 

 

(b)   Total current = current through 13 .Q resistor + current through 5 .Q resistor
Current through 13 .Q = 0.4 A

Current through 5,Q

p.d. across 5,Q

=         5Q

= 6

:5

= 1.2A

Therefore, current in the circuit = 0.4 + 1.2
= 1.6A

(c) V_AB= 0.4×13

= 5.2V

V_BD= V_AC– V_AB

= 1.2 x 5 – 5.2
= 6.0-5.2

= O.8V

Alternatively;
V_BD= 0.4 x 2
= O.8V

Example 20

Figure 5.39 shows a current of 0.8 A passing through an arrangement of four resistors.

 

Find the current through the 10 Q resistor.
Solution

The network of resistors can be replaced by two resistors of 40 Q and 60 Q in parallel.

C

n _ p.d. between P and R

urrentoug             ;lot. –         (30 + 10)

P.d. between P and R = 0.8 X R_E, where RE is equivalent resistance for the whole network.
R = 40×60

E        60+40

= 24Q

P.d. across P and R = 0.8 x 24
= 19.2

Therefore, current through 10

= 0.48A

 

 

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND INTERNAL RESISTANCE

The function of a cell in a circuit is to supply electrical energy. By definition.the electromotive
force (e.m.f.) of a cell is the potential difference between its terminals when no charge is

flowing out of the cell (cell in open circuit).                                                    .

Figure 5.40 shows a circuit that may be used to demonstrate the difference between
e.m.f. of a cell and terminal voltage. The reading of the voltmeter when the switch is open is
the e.m.f. of the cell.

Once a cell supplies current to an external circuit, the potential difference across it
drops by a value referred to as ‘lost voltage’. This loss in voltage is due to the internal resistance
of the cell. The potential difference across the cell when the circuit is closed.is referred to
as the terminal voltage of the cell.

 

 

Fig. 5.40: Em.f. ofa cell

A cell or any source of e.m. f. is made up of materials that are not perfect conductors of electricity.
They therefore offer some resistance tothe flow of current that they generate. This resistance
is usually low and is called the internal resistance of the cell or battery.

Relationship between E.M.F. and Internal Resistance

If a resistor R is connected in series with a cell as shown in figure 5.41, the internal resistance
of the cell r is considered to be connected in series with the external resistor R.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 5.41: Internal resistance of a cell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using the equation E = V + Ir and hence V = E – Ir, the gradient of the graph gives the internal
resistance r of the cell.

If the graph is extrapolated so as to cut the voltage axis, the point at which it does so
gives the e.m.f. of the cell.

Method 2

Apparatus

Ammeter, voltmeter, variable resistor, cells, connecting wires.

 

Fig. 5.44: Determination of internal resistance of a cell

Procedure

• Switch on the circuit and increase the current in step from a minimum value.
• Record the corresponding voltage V.
• Complete the table 5.5.

Table 5.5

 

• Plot a graph of i against R.
  Results and Observation

The graph is a straight line with a positive gradient.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 5.45: Graph of fagainst R

The gradient of the graph gives ~. Internal resistance can be obtained in two ways:
(i) Extrapolating the graph to cut R axis gives r, see figure 5.45.

(ii) If the intercept on t axis is A, then, A = ~

 

 

 

 

Example 21

A battery consisting of four cells in series, each of e.m.f. 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.6 Q, is
used to pass a current through a 1.6 Q resistor. Calculate the current through the battery.

 

 

 

The e.m.f. of the battery is the sum of the e.m.f. of all the cells while the internal resistance of
the battery is the sum of all the internal resistances of the cells.

:. Current through battery =

Example 22

A cell drives a current of 2.0 A through a 0.6 Q resistor. When the same cell is connected to a
0.9 Q resistor, the current that flows is 1.5 A. Find the internal resistance and the e.m.f of the cell.

Solution

 

 

Taking E as e.m.f. ofthe cell and R the internal resistance;
E = 1R + Ir

From figure 5.46 (a);

 

 

 

 

E == (2.0 x 0.6) + 2.0r

=: 1.2 + 2r ……………………………………….. (1)

From figure 5.46 (b);

E = (1.5 x 0.9) + 1.5r

E =: 1.35 + 1.5r ……………………………….. (2)

Since the e.m.f. is the same in both circuits;
1.2 + 2r =: 1.35 + 1.5r

2r – 1.5r =: 1.35 – 1.2

0.5r = 0.15

r = 0.3 Q

Substituting for r in equation (1);
E =: 1.2 + 2r

E =: 1.2 + 2 x 0.3
E = 1.2 + O~6

= 1.8V

Exampie23

A battery consists of two identical cells, each of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.6 Q,
connected in the parallel. Calculate the current the battery drives through a 0.7 Q resistor.

Solution

When identical cells are connected in parallel, see figure 5.47, the equivalent e.m.f. is equal to that of only one cell. The equivalent internal resistance is equal to that of two such resistors connected in parallel.

COMPUTER STUDIES

PAPER ONE

1. Identify programming language used in the following generations:-                                      (i) First generations

(ii) Second generation

2. Give importance of having the following in computer laboratory:-

(i) Standard furniture in the laboratory

(ii) Antiglare screen/monitor

(iii) UPS

3. (a) Explain the following terms as used in booting:-

(i) BIOS

(ii) POST

(b) Differentiate between:-

(i) Backspace and delete keys on the keyboard

(ii) Insert and type over mode

4. Explain the functions of the following central processing unit components

(i) ALU

(ii) Control unit

(iii) Primary memory

5. (a) Differentiate between static RAM and Dynamic RAM

(b) Distinguish between compilers and interpreters

6. (a) List two softcopy output devices

(b) Distinguish between impact and non-impact printers citing one example in each

7. State two merits of using the following input devices:

(i) Speech recognition

(ii) Touch screen

8. Differentiate between freeware and open source as end-user –license softwares.
9. (a) List four types of system software

(b) Explain the following functions of the operating system           :-

(i) Job scheduling

(ii) Interrupt handling

10. Explain the following disk management tools:-

(i) Disk formatting

(ii) Disk defragmentation

11. Differentiate between the following terms as applied in operating system:-

(i) Multi-user

(ii) Multi-tasking

12. Explain the following terms as applied in word processor

(i) Text wrap

(ii) Word wrap

13. (a) Distinguish between first line and hanging indentation

(b) Differentiate between the following combinations of terms:-

(i) Filtering and sorting

(ii) Relative and absolute cell referencing

14. (a) Differentiate between the following combinations of terms:-

(i) Filtering and sorting

(ii) Relative and absolute cell referencing

15. Identify the elements of a function
16. A class teacher of form 3E in Nzambani secondary school requested a programmer to design a

simple program that would help do the following:-

 

(a) Enter the names of students and marks obtained in 8 subjects; maths, English, Kiswahili,

Biology, Chemistry, Business Studies, History and Computer Studies.

(b) After entering each subject mark the program should calculate for each student

(c) Depending on the average mark obtained, the program should assign the grades as follows:-

Between 80 and 100 = A

Between 70 and 79 = B

Between 60 and 69 = C

Between 50 and 59 = D

Below 50 = E

(d) The program should display each students name, total marks and the average grade. Using a

flow chart, show the design of the program

 

 

17. (a) Define the following terms in reference to the internet:-

(i) Protocol

(ii) Website

(iii) Search engine

(iv) Spam mail

(b)List three examples of search engines

(c) Identify the functions of the following devices in data communication:-

(i) Modem

(ii) Network interface card

(iii) Brouter

(d) Describe bounded and unbounded forms of communication giving two examples

in each case

(e) Outline four advantages of using fibre optic cables

18. (a) Define the following terms as used in data representation

(i) Amplitude

(ii) Frequency

(iii) Nibble

(iv) Byte

(b) Perform the following 11111.1111₂ + 100001.1010₂ – 1111.00111₂                                                

(c) Using two’s complement subtract 73 from 115 and convert the answer to decimal notation

(d) Identify the duties of the following ICT specialists

(i)Software engineer

(ii) System analyst

(e) List two types of opportunities available in the field of computer hardware

19. (a) Describe the following computer files

(i) Logical and physical files

(ii) Master and backup files

(b) Explain the following computational errors

(i) Truncation

(ii) Overflow

(iii) Rounding errors

(c) Define data integrity and state three ways of minimizing threats to data integrity

(d) Define virtual reality and state three ways of minimizing threats to data integrity

(e) Discus how computers are used in reservation systems

20. (a) Explain the main activity carried out in each of the following system development stages

(i) Problem recognition

(ii) Coding

(iii) Implementation

(b) Explain the following changeover methods:-

(i) Direct

(ii) Parallel

(iii) Phased

(c) Explain two advantages of modular programming

(d) Explain how the use ICT may affect the society

(e) Explain the four main areas of artificial intelligence

 

 

*MAT*

1. Distinguish between white-collar crime and blue –collar crimes
2. Lutomia and Naibei were arguing about computer criminal. They realized four types of criminals

namely; thieves, burglars, terrorists, hackers and cracker. Briefly explain difference between

hackers and crackers

3. State where the cell pointer on a worksheet moves when the following key combinations
4. a) Crl + Home
5. b) Shift + Tab

(c) End followed by down arrow key

(d) Shift + Enter

4. Explain the meaning of the following domains on a web address

(a) .co.ke

(b) .ac.uk

(c)  .or.ug

5. Study the flow chart below and write down the output from the table below is entered. Show your

working.

Nambwaya	59	60
Murono	60	62
Kisiang’ani	79	46
Makhanu	41	84

 

6. (a) Distinguish between a primary key and index key as used in databases

(b) Explain the relevance of foreign key in a database entity

7. Briefly explain how the operating system uses interrupt Request (IRQ) numbers to allocate

computer resources

8. Name an input or output device used in the following tasks

(a) Capturing still images

(b) Printing detailed architectural designs

(c) Playing flight and driving games

(d) Capture data at ATM

9. Outline three distinctions between a super computer and microcomputer
10. Briefly explain four features of third computer generation
11. Define the following terms as used with the internet;

(a) Surf

(b) Compose

(c) Cookie

12. State four reasons why you would advertise a typesetter to use MS Publisher in designing

calendar other than MS Word

13. Briefly explain how electronic spreadsheet is used in “What if analysis”
14. The formula = $A4*C$3 was entered in cell D4. What will be the formula if it is copied to

cell F10

15. Design a pseudo code for a program that will compute and display the are of a triangle whose

base is not less than 10cm

16. Study the flow chart below and attempt questions that follow

(a) Your working what will be output if the following was entered?

Lutomia          65        50        46        77        76

Naibei             60        80        55        81        10

Nambwaya      80        15        40        82        60

Makhanu         50        35        70        40        43
Kisiang’ani     30        70        55        60        44

Murono           60        45        43        77        30

(b) Write a pseudo code equivalent for the above flowchart modifying it to compute result

of 100 students.

(c) Name any two control structures used in the flowchart above

17. (a) Explain three negative impact of ICT on Kenyan culture

(b) Perform the following arithmetic operations

1. 765₈ + 1645₈
2. ABCH + D14₁₆

• 7112₈ – 767₈

1. A146₁₆ – BCD₁₆

(c) Name at least two areas where the following processing modes are used

1. Real time processing
2. Distributed processing

• Batch processing

1. Time sharing processing

(d)Write the alternative name of the following types of software

(a) Bespoke

(b) Vendor-off-the-shelf software

18.  (a) Explain RAD and structured approach as methods of system development

(b) Hassan was designing in out screens for the new school database management system.

Outline three factors she MUST consider during the designing

(c)State four difference between Low-level and High-level languages to a programmer

(d) Name any four public universities that offer computer courses at degree level

19. (a) Simplex, Half duplex and full duplex are modes o data communication. With examples

of where used, explain each of these communication modes

(b) Distinguish between “wrap text” and “shrink to fit” as used in Microsoft Excel data

formatting

(c) Safaricom has implemented broadband as their modem communication technique. Explain

the meaning of broadband communication

(d) Continuous use of computers has adverse health effects. State five ways of averting these

effects

20. (a) Artificial intelligence is out to develop devices that emulate a human being in all aspects

as applied in expert systems. Explain three components of expert systems

(b) Distinguish between job replacement and job displacement

(c) State four ways in which threats to data integrity may be minimized

(d) Name two programming languages in each of the following:

1. OOPe
2. Procedural language

• 5GLs

 

*KKE*

1. Distinguish between ROM and RAM.             (2 mks)
2. (a) Convert the octal Number 1111₈ to its ten equivalent.             (2 mks)

(b) Convert 11.011₂ to a decimal Number.                                                                            (2 mks)

3. (a) Define the following terms with reference to computer crime.

(i)  Cracking.                                                                                                              (1 mk)

(ii) Hacking                                                                                                                (1 mk)

(b) State any two laws governing the information.                                                               (2 mks)

4. Distinguish between job scheduling and job sequencing.             (2 mks)
5. List any four precautions that must be observed in a computer lab.                         (2 mks)
6. Mention four database models that you have learnt.                         (2 mks)
7. Differentiate between a computer operator and computer technician.             (2 mks)
8. Define the term ‘mail merge’.             (2 mks)
9. (a) What is the advantage of electronic spreadsheet over manual work.             (2 mks)

(b) What is cell replacing?                                                                                                     (1 mk)

10. State two types of desktop publishing (DTP).             (2 mks)
11. List three elements of networking.             (3 mks)
12. Briefly explain any three application areas of ICT (Information and communication Technology).
13. List any two types of

(a) Optical disk.                                                                                                                      (1 mk)

(b) Magnetic disk                                                                                                                   (1 mk)

14. Distinguish between Disk formatting and disk partitioning.             (2 mks)
15. (a) State and define any two types of computer processing file.             (1 mk)

 

 

 

Answer question 16 (Compulsory) and any other three questions in the spaces provided.

16. (a) Consider the module flow charts extracts below.

(i)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(ii)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State the looping structure demonstrated in

(b) State four examples of third generation languages.

(c) Define the following terms as used in programming.

(i) Assembler

(iii) Translator

(ii) Compiler

(iv) Interpreter

(d) Jokins retailers has two categories of customers processing category. “A” obtain 10%discount

on all orders upto Kshs. 10,000. Otherwise the discount is 20% on entire order. Category “B”

obtains 30% on all orders if the debt payment records is good otherwise the discount is 15%.

Write a pseudo code for the order processing.                                                                  (9 mks)

17. (a) Below are two tables structures of files in a database.

                        Employee                                                                   Employee                   Details

                        Field                            Data type                               Field                            Date type

Employee Name         Text                                         Employee No.             Number

Employee Number     Auto Number                          Date employed            Date / Time

DOB                            Date/ Time                              Department                 Text

Address                       Text                                         Salary                          Currency

(i) Which of the tables is likely to be the parent table?                                                        (1 mk)

(ii) It is advisable to ‘enforce referential integrity’ when creating a relationship. When creating a

relationship, what do you understand by the term referential integrity?                                   (2 mks)

 

 

(iii) The field ‘employee no’ in the employee details table is likely to be the primary key.

What is a primary key?                                                                                                  (2 mks)

(iv) Which fields in both tables is not appropriate for creating a relationship?                 (1 mk)

(v) What would make the relationship between the tables fail to work?                            (2 mks)

(b) In database, the field properties specify finer details related to the fields and the table entries

expected. State four field properties.                                                                               (4 mks)

(c) State three functions of a database.                                                                                (3 mks)

18. (a)Consider the topologies demonstrated in the diagram below.

A

	1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(i) Identify the network topologies.                                                                                       (3 mks)

A …………………………………………………………

B ………………………………………………………….

 C …………………………………………………………..

(ii) In topology A, identify the network device that should be at the end points 1 and 2.

(iii) Which of the above topologies is likely to be used in a wide area network?             (1 mk)

(iv) Highlight three disadvantages of topology B.                                                                       (3 mks)

(v) Identify the device labeled x in topology A.                                                                (1 mk)

(b) State two  main classes of network surface.                                                                   (2 mks)

(c) Briefly describe the following as used in networking.

(i) Repeaters.                                                                                                                          (4 mks)

(ii) Network hub

(iii) Fibre optic cables

(iv) Network Interface Card (NIC)

19. (a) Define feasibility study as used in system.             (2 mks)

(b) State four devices under direct control of the operating system.                                               (2 mks)

(c) Briefly describe the following terms of computational error.                                        (5 mks)

(i) Truncated

(ii) Transposition

(iii) Transcription

(d) Explain three most commonly used coding schemes.                                                    (3 mks)

(e) Distinguish between online and real time processing.                                                    (2 mks)

(f) State one advantage and two disadvantages of command line interface.                                   (3 mks)

20. (a) (i) Explain three communication services offered through internet.             (3 mks)

(ii) Describe the following terms.                                                                                    (2 mks)

Links

URL

 

(b) The following is a spreadsheet relating to a farmer.

            A                                 B                                 C

1                      Crop                            Amount

2                      Maize                          150

3                      Bean                            300

4                      Cashew nuts                850

5                      Cabbages                    1036

(i) A function = IF (B2<200, “Not viable”, IF (B2 > 300 “Moderate”, IF (B2> 1000, “viable”))))

Give the appropriate result returned in cell C2, C3, C4 and 5.                                        (2 mks)

(c) Text can easily be selected using a mouse in word processing. How do you select;

(i) Multiple paragraphs?                                                                                                    (2 mks)

(d) (i) Distinguish between a widow and an orphan in word processing.                             (2 mks)

(ii) Cut and copy commands.

(e) Give one purpose of drop caps on a text paragraph.                                                        (2 mks)

(f) Give two application of expert systems.                                                                          (2 mks)

 

 

*RCH*

1. (a) Define the terms ‘Data Integrity’.             (1 mk)

(b) Give two features of data integrity.                                                                                 (1 mk)

2. Describe how each of the following printers work.             (3 mks)

(a) Thermal ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Electrostatic printer ……………………………………………………………………………….

(c) Laser printer ……………………………………………………………………………………..

 

3. Nina Secondary School wanted to buy some text books for Computer Studies. The following list

show an example of a spreadsheet which was used to calculate the minimum, maximum and Total

of the total price.

 

	A	B	C	D
1.	BOOK	UNIT PRICE	COPIES	TOTAL PRICE
2.	Computer Studies BK 1	250	70
3.	Computers Studies BK 2	275	50
4.	Computer Studies BK 3	280	60
5.	Computer Studies BK 4	320	70
6.
7.	Minimum
8.	Maximum
9.	Total

• Write down in each case the formula that can be used in:-

(i) Cell D7

(ii) Cell D8

(iii) Cell D9

(b) Format all the numeric figures to US Dollar symbol and 2 decimal places.                  (1 mk)

4. State any two uses of personal computers in office.             (2 mks)
5. State the difference between tracking and kerning as used in Page Maker.             (2 mks)
6. (a) Differentiate between soft system and hard system.             (2 mks)

(b) List any four characteristics of a system.                                                                                    (2 mks)

7. Explain the meaning of the following terms as used with operating system.

(a) Multitasking.                                                                                                                    (1 mk)

(b) Single user.                                                                                                                       (1 mk)

8. Explain the uses of the following keys on the keyboard.

(a) Backspace Key.                                                                                                                 (½ mk)

(b) Space Bar Key.                                                                                                                 (½ mk)

(c) F1 Key.                                                                                                                              (½ mk)

(d) Insert Key.                                                                                                                        (½ mk)

9. (a) Explain any two types of transcription error.             (2 mks)

(b) Define the term ‘Algorithm errors’ as used in object oriented programming.              (1 mk)

11. (a) (i) What is meant by the term “Upload” as used in the internet?.             (1 mk)

(ii) Explain the term “hypertext.”                                                                                     (1 mk)

(b) Give two examples of search engines you know.                                                                        (1 mk)

12. (a) Name any three special purpose memories found either inside and outside the microprocessor.

(b) Distinguish between an accumulator and an address register.                                        (2 mks)

13. (a) Define the term “mail merging” as used in Word Processing Application Program. (1 mk)

(b) List any two documents that are involved in mail merging.                                           (2 mks)

14. Explain the three components of an expert system.             (3 mks)
15. Define the term Robot as used in Expert system.             (1 mk)
16. Kenya Tea Packers Company pays two different rates for all the tea grades of Tea delivered to

her deports. The rates are as follows:- Grade A = Kshs. 20.00 per Kilograms and Grade B = Kshs.

10.00 per kilogram.

(a) Write an algorithm and pseudo code for the above program.                                         (5 mks)

(b) Draw a flow chart for the above program.                                                                       (5 mks)

(c) A school has two sets A and B. Write a structure algorithm to read a set and the points

awarded for winning each race in an athlete final terminated by “C”. Calculate and print the

total points gained  by each set appropriately labeled.                                                    (5 mks)

17. (a) Define the term field properties as used in Database program.             (2 mks)

(b) (i) What do you understand by the term normalization as used in Ms Access database?          (1 mk)

(ii) What is an input mask in a database?                                                                         (1 mk)

(c)  (i) What is a query?                                                                                                         (2 mks)

(ii) Differentiate between an action query and select query?                                          (2 mks)

(d) (i) Differentiate between a Primary key and an Index key.                                             (2 mks)

(ii) What is the difference between a field name and a Caption?                                                (2 mks)

(iii) Differentiate between Columnar and Tabular form.                                                 (2 mks)

18. (a) (i) Give one advantage of a hub on a computer network.                         (1 mk)

(ii) Define the VSAT technology.                                                                                                (1 mk)

(iii) List any four examples of network operating systems.                                             (4 mks)

(iv) State any three advantages of coaxial cables in a computer network.                      (3 mks)

(v) State any three devices used in data communications.                                              (3 mks)

(vi) Differentiate between a router and a brouter.                                                              (2 mks)

(b) Define the term “ Protocol” as used in networking.                                                       (1 mk)

19. (a) State the uses of the following MS-DOS commands.

(i) CD.                                                                                                                                     (1 mk)

(ii) DIR/P/W                                                                                                                           (1 mk)

(iii) Input devices are classified according to how they are used to enter data. Can you list five

classifications based on this.                                                                                           (5 mks)

(b) Name and explain four types of human computer interfaces.                                        (4 mks)

• (i) Give any two control measures you would take avoid unauthorized access to data and

information.                                                                                                                 (2 mks)

(ii) Give two examples of anti-virus software you know.                                                 (2 mks)

20. (a) Perform the following conversions appropriately.

(i) Convert 91B₁₆ to Octal.                                                                                                     (3 mks)

(ii) 376₁₀ to hexadecimal.                                                                                                      (3 mks)

• Perform the following Binary arithmetic.

(i) 1110.0111    +    1101001.011                                                                                           (3 mks)

(ii) 1001011.011 – 111.111                                                                                                    (3 mks)

(c) Convert 298.125₁₀ to hexadecimal equivalent.

 

*KKE*

 

1. State two reasons why personal computes are so important to small businesses and

entrepreneurs

2. State two characteristics for each of the following;
3. First generation computers
4. Second generation computers

• Third generation computers

3. Give a reason for each of the following hardware considerations when selecting a computer

system

1. Processor speed
2. Warranty

• Upgradeability and compatibility

1. Portability
2. (a) What is disk partitioning?

(b) Give two reasons for partitioning a disk

5. Explain the following features as used in word processing.
6. Word wraps
7. Thesaurus
8. The first column in the table below contains the formula stored in cell C10 of a spreadsheet.

Enter the formulae as they would appear when copies to cell F15 of the same spreadsheet

FORMULA IN C10	FORMULA IN F15
=A5*B5
=4*B$6

7. State three functions of a database management system
8. (a) Differentiate between signing-in and signing –up in relation to  the internet
9.       b) Distinguish between downloading and uploading
10. (a) Define the word expert system?

(b) List the three components that make up an expert system

10. Using the two components, perform the following arithmetic operation in 8 bits
11. What is a procedural language?
12. List any four resources under the operation system control
13. State two advantages of the Winchester disk as compared to other forms of secondary

storage media

14. a) List the two main type of DTP software
15. b) Differentiate between the following terms as used in DTP

Tracking

Kerning

15. Explain the function of the following parts of the URL

http:/www.kakamega.com

16. (a) Draw a flow chart for a program that can be used to get the sum of mark for 45 computer

studies student then get the subject mean

1. b) Define the following;
2. i) Source program
3. ii) Pseudo-code

iii) Translators

1. iv) Flowchart
2. v) Algorithm
3. (a) Giving an example for each, differentiate between transcription and computational errors

(b) Briefly describe the following elements of a computer file;

(i) Character

(ii) Field

(iii) Records

(c) Explain the functions of;

1. Master files
2. Back up files

• reference files

(d) Differentiate between

(i)   Real-time processing mode and batch processing

(ii)    Distributed data processing mode and multiprocessing mode

18. a) State the function of;
19. i) Web master
20.            ii) Database administrator

iii) Computer operator

1. iv) Computer technician
2. b) Explain how computers have led to the following effects of employment:
3. i) job replacement
4. ii) Job displacement
5. c) State one negative impact of computers in our society
6. (a) Describe any three physical LAN topologies

(b) Define the following terms

1. Protocol
2. Server

• Gateway

1.  iv)         Repeater
2.  v)         Bandwidth

(c) Give two advantages of networking                                                                                   (d) Explain the line of sight principle in wireless communication

(e) What’s the work of the following in networking?

(i) Crimping tool

(ii) Network interface card

iii) Network neighbouring icon

20. (a) Differentiate between private data and confidential data

(b) Describe three types of computer virus

(c) Explain the following terms as used in data security

i )    Eavesdropping

1. ii) Surveillance

iii)  Industrial espionage

1. d) Differentiate between hacking and cracking
2. e) State two laws that govern the protection of information

 

*UGU*

1. Differentiate between Access Time and Seek Time             (2mks)
2. List four activities that can be carried out using Windows OS during disk management (4mks)
3. Give four reasons why a firm may decide to computerize its operations             (4mks)
4. List three functions of the Arithmetic and logic unit                         (3mks)
5. What is the major difference between a web page and a web site             (2mks)
6. (i) Write down all the digits in base 4 number system             (1mk)

(ii) Calculate the sum of the second and the fourth digits (i) above                                    (1mk)

7. What is the major difference between a webpage and a web site?                         (2mks)
8. Differentiate between physical and logical topologies             (2mks)
9. Give the difference between tower and desktop system unit                         (2mks)
10. Differentiate between computational errors and transcription errors                         (2mks)
11. Using the place value method, convert 247₁₀ into its binary equivalence             (4mks)
12. Perform the following binary arithmetic and give your answers in decimal notation (14mks)

1010.101 + 11.011

13. (a) Differentiate between :

(i) Primary key and foreign key                                                                                              (1mk)

(ii) What is cell referencing                                                                                                    (2mks)

14. Define the word blocking as defined in Ms-Word             (1mk)
15. (i) What is a server?             (1mk)

(ii) Differentiate between peer to peer and client server                                                      (2mks)

16. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a) What would the following generate as output if the value of N at input was:

(i) 6?

(ii) 1?

(b) Write a pseudo code that does the same thing as the flow chart above                                                                                            (15mks)

(c) Text can be select using a mouse processing. How do you select

(i) Multiple paragraph

(ii) Vertical text

(d) Distinguish between:

(i) A widow and an orphan in word processing

(ii) Cut and copy commands

(e) Give one purpose of drop caps on a text paragraph

(f) (i) What is an expert system?

(ii) Give two applications of expert systems

17. A school keeps a spreadsheet of examination results in four subjects. Part of the spread sheet is

as shown below:-

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
	Name	Class	Maths	Science	IT	English	Av. Mark	Pass/Fail
1	Allen	11A	33	24	19	44	30
2	Dyos	11B	41	54	70	31	49
3	Keg	11A	82	69	57	52	65
4	Khan	11C	44	21	50	85	50
5	Kolacz	11A	73	51	73	51	62
6	Lenski	11B	17	41	40	34	33
7	Peruza	11C	87	72	64	61	71

 

• Which column has been used to sort the data?
• What formula has been entered in cell G2 to calculate the Allen’s average mark?

could be done

(iii) The IT results need to be sorted so that the highest mark is at the top. Describe how this sort

(iv) The formula IF (G5>45, “PASS”, “FAIL”) is entered in cell H5. What output appears?

(v) State the validation check that should be carried out on data entered in cells C2 to F8 to ensure

values over 100 are not input                                                                                                                                                            (15mks)

18. (a) (i) Explain three communication services offered through internet

(ii) Describe the following internet terms:-

Links …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

URL……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The following is a spreadsheet relating to a farmer

	A	B	C
1	Crop	Amount
2	Maize	150
3	Bean	300
4	Cashew nuts	850
5	Cabbages	1036

 

(i) A function  = IF(B2<200,”Not

Viable”), IF(B2>300, “Moderate”), IF(B2>1000,” Variable”))).

Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4, and C5

18. (c) Text can easily be selected using a mouse in word processing. How do you select

(i) Multiple paragraph

(ii) Vertical block of text

(d) (i) Distinguish between widow and an orphan processing

(ii) Cut and copy commands

(e) Give one purpose of drop caps on a text paragraph

(f) (i) What is an expert system?

(ii) Give two applications of expert systems

19. (a) Explain the advantage of using two’s complement over one’s complement

(b) Using two’s complement, subtract 4 from 7 and give your answer in decimal notation

(c) An organization is planning to develop a new information system to manage its operations.

(i) Explain the following characteristics of a system

Holistic thinking

System entropy

(ii) List four tools that could be used in designing the information system during the design stage

(d) Explain any three threats to data and information

(e) Explain the purpose of the following types of program documentation

(i) User manual

(ii) Reference guide

20. (a) Define feasibility study as used in system

(b) State four devices under direct control of the operating system

(c)  Briefly describe the following types of computerized errors:

(i) Truncated

(ii) Transposition

(iii) Transcription

(d) Explain three most commonly used coding schemes

(e) Distinguish between online and real time processing

(f) State one advantage and two disadvantages of command line interface

 

 

*MUM*

1. State two functions of the SHIFT key as used in a word processor.
2. (a) How do registers differ from buffers.

(b) List four examples of registers.

3. Daniel has noticed the following problems in his computer;            

(i) It is taking a longer time to start up.

(ii) It is often hanging

(iii) Applications are taking long to load.

State three possible causes of these problems and how they can be solved.

4. List three functions of an anti-virus software.
5. Differentiate between a virus and a logic bomb.
6. The cells K3 to K10 of a worksheet contain remarks on students performance such as very good,

good, fair and fail depending on the average mark. Write a formula that can be used to count all

students that have the remark “very good”.

7. The following information shows the income and expenditure for “Beba yote” matatu for five

days. The  income from Monday to Friday was Ksh.4,000, 9,000,15,000 and 20,000 respectively

while expenditure  for some period was Ksh.2000,3000, 7000, 5000 and 6000 respectively.

(a) Draw a spreadsheet that would contain the information. Indicate the rows as 1 , 2, 3 and 4 and

the column as A,B,C

(b) State the expression that would be used to obtain:

(i) Monday profit.

(ii) Total income

(iii) Highest expenditure.

8. Describe the following terms:

(a) Software suite

(b) Shareware

(c) Groupware

(d) Integrated software

9. (a) Subtract 0111₂ from 1001₂

(b) Using two’s compliment subtract 7 from 40 and give the answer in decimal notation.

10. Distinguish between uploading and downloading.
11. Distinguish between peer-to-peer Networks and client-server networks.
12. List any two techniques used to implement information systems in various organizations.
13. Distinguish between a word and word-length as used in data representation.
14. Describe three types of maintenance that can be applied on information systems.
15. (a) Study the flowchart extracts below

(b) State the looping structure demonstrated in

(c) List any four methods of detecting and correcting programming bugs.

(d) Draw a flowchart for a program that can be used to add any positive integers that can be keyed

into the computer through the keyboard. The program should count the positive numbers entered

and should be terminated when a zero is keyed in.

                       

16. Below are two table structures of files in a database:

                                           TABLE 1                                                                         TABLE 2

Field                                        Data type                   Field                            Data type

Employee number                  Text                             Employee number             Number

Employee Name                     Auto number               Data employed             Date/time

D.O.B                                      Date/time                    Department                 Test

Address                                   Test                             Salary                          Currency

(i) Which of the two tables is likely to be the parent table?                                                 *MUM*

(ii) It is advisable to enforce referential integrity when creating a relationship. When creating a

relationship, what do you understand by the term referential integrity?             *MUM*

(iii) The field “employee No” in Table 2 is likely to be the primary key.

What is a primary key?

1. iv) Which fields in both tables is most appropriate for creating a relationship? *MUM*

(v) What will make the relationship between the tables fail to work?                     *MUM*

(b) In databases, the field properties specify finer details related to the fields and the entries

expected. State four field properties.                                                                    *MUM*

(c) State three functions of a database.                                                                    *MUM*

17. (a) Explain three communication services offered through the internet.             *MUM*

(b) Describe the following internet terms.                                                                *MUM*

(i) Browsing

(ii) Web portal

(iii) Home page

(iv) Hyperlink

(v) Uniform resource locator

(c) The following spreadsheet is relating to a farmer.

	A	B	C
1	Crop	Amount
2	Maize	150
3	Beans	300
4	Cashew nuts	850
5	cabbages	1036

(i) A function = IF (B2< 200, “Not viable”, IF(B2>300,”moderate”, IF(B2> 1000, “VIABLE”))).

Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4 and C5.

(d) List any three functions of the control unit.

18. (a) List any three differences between an interpreter and a compiler.

(b) State four characteristics of Random access memory.

(c) Describe the following data security measures

(i) Log files

(ii) Fire walls

(iii) Antispyware

(iv) Audit trial

19. (a) What is a transmission media?

(b) List two types of transmission media

(c) Distinguish between a Hub and a switch.

(d) With help of a well labeled diagram, describe the fibre optic cable

(e) What are the functions of the following devices on a network?

(i) Repeaters

(ii) Network interface card

(iii) Router

(f) Distinguish between physical topology and logical topology as used in Networking

 

*KSM*

1. Describe four electrical safety precaution rules that should be observed in a computer room.
2. Distinguish between a compiler and an interpreter.             (2mks)
3. (a) Describe the term keys to storage system                         (1mk)

(b) Games programs can be purchased from computer stores on CD-ROM. State two

advantages of CD-ROMS over floppy disks                                                                   (2mks)

4. State two outputs device that are found at the point of sales terminal             (2mks)
5. Outline any four editing features of a word processor.             (2mks)
6. Describe briefly how a laser printer works             (2mks)
7. (a) Identify the main stage of program development                         (4mks)

(b) Define the terms program documentation                                                                       (1mk)

(c) List program control structures giving examples                                                                        (3mks)

8. Distinguish between high levels and low levels language giving one advantage and one disadvantages  of each of them                                                                                      (2mks)
9. (a) Explain the difference between the following commands as used in MS-DOS (2mks)

(i) Dir/p

(ii) Dir/w

(b) Write one command that can be used to format a diskette and copy system files to it     (1mk)

10. Differentiate between real time processing and batch processing giving examples where

each  could be used.                                                                                                              (2mks)

11. Differentiate between computer added design and computer aided manufacture             (2mks)
12. What is a computer network?             (1mk)
13. Describe three difference types of computer network             (3mks)
14. State three symbolic data representation             (3mks)
15. State two properties that an opening system display about a file             (1mk)
16. (a) Distinguish between Algorithm and Pseudo code.             (3mks)

(b) A company has 5000 CDs, video and books in stock each items has a unique 5 digit

code with   the first identifying the type of item i.e.

1=CD

2=DVD

3= video

4=Book

For example, for the code 15642 the 1 identifies that it is a CD, and for the code 30055 the 3 identifies these it is a video

Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, that

-inputs the code for all 5000 items

-validates the input code                                                                                            (12mks)

17. (a) List three differences in the computer training provided by colleges as opposed to those

offered  by the universities                                                                                            (3mks)

(b) Describe three duties of each of the following computer specialists :-                         (6mks)

(i) Database administrator

(ii) System analyst

(c) Information technology has bought about a lot of concern in people’s lives-social effects,

list three  arguments for and against information technology                                                 (3mks)

(d.) Repetitive strain injury happens when one overuses the computer keyboard or mouse.

Causing inflammation or injury on muscles or tendons .Describe three measures users

can apply to prevent or reduce RSI                                                                                  (3mks)

18. A school computer laboratory is scheduled o undergo major renovations. The lab is schedule to

receive new computer whose specifications are given below:-

Pentium IV 2.8GHz processor

40GB HDD

31/2 FDD

256 MB RAM

568CD ROM

17” SVGA TFT monitor

The computers are gong to be networked and will be able to browse the internet.

(a) Explain what is meant by the terms:-                                                                              (2mks)

(i) FDD

(ii) HDD

(iii) SVGA

(iv)TFT

(b) The computer is to be networked, name one extra device that should be fitted on every

computer  to enable this to happen                                                                                   (1mk)

 

 

 

(c) The computer is to receive internet facilities through the server on a dial; up system. Name

and describe the function of a special device that needs to be connected to the server to

complete the  connection                                                                                                (1mk)

(d) (i) The school has to apply he star topology to link up the computer. List two advantages

of this  type of topology                                                                                             (1mk)

(ii) Name the central device used to connect the computers in this topology.                 (1mk)

(e) List two other types of topologies that the school could have opted for                                    (1mk)

(f) List four advantages of using a network                                                                          (2mks)

(g) (i) Data transmission via the internet is done  using a mode known as packet switching.

Describe this data transmission mode                                                                   (1mk)

(ii) Name two other modes of data transmission                                                        (1mk)

(h) (i) The school’s LAN is done using UTR cable. List two disadvantages of using this

type of cable.                                                                                                                (1mk)

(ii) List two advantages of using fibre cable in networking                                            (1mk)

(j) Data flows in the school’s LAN in a duplex manner. Discuss two other type of data

transmission in network giving examples                                                                       (2mks)

19. (a) Differentiate between a database and a DBMS             (1mk)

(b) List four advantages of using database systems                                                              (2mks)

(c) In a data base system, data integrity ensures the correctness and completeness of the data

in the database. Differentiate the following types of integrity constraints:-

(i) Validity integrity                                                                                                           (1mk)

(ii) Entity integrity                                                                                                                         (1mk)

(iii) Referential integrity                                                                                                   (1mk)

(d) Briefly describe the three database models :-                                                                 (3mks)

(i) Hierarchical model

(ii) Network model

(iii) Relation model

(e) Using diagrams describe the following three types of relationships                              (3mks)

(i) One –on- one

(ii) One –to- many

(iii) many-to-many

(f) File organisation refers to the arrangement of records on secondary storage. Briefly

describe the  following file organization methods:-                                                         (3mks)

(i) Sequential

(ii) Random /direct

(iii) Serial

20. (a) State and describe any two areas of Artificial intelligence             (2mks)

(b) What is virtual reality?                                                                                                   (1mk)

(c) List three component of a virtual reality gear                                                                (3mks)

(d) By giving an example define:-

(i) A smart terminal                                                                                                           (2mks)

(ii) An embedded computer                                                                                               (2mks)

(e) State three factors to consider when selecting a UPS                                                     (3mks)

(f) Give two uses of computer in stock exchanges                                                              (2mks)

 

*TZM*

1. The computer processing cycle involves a four step process List them                                      (2mks)
2. The CPU consists of control unit and arithmetic logic unit State the functions of the two units(2mks)
3. Name and explain the two types of primary memory.                                            (3mks)
4. State the functions of the following keys in a computer key board

• Pause                                                                                                         (1mk)

(ii) Function keys                                                                                                                               (1mk)

(i) Explain the importance of microphones combined with speech recognition device such

as voice output.                                                                                                                            (2mks)

(ii) State the main disadvantage of the above method of data input.                                             (2mks)

5. The most popular type of electronic data storage currently is magnetic disk storage such as

hard disk or Winchester disk. Give reason as to why they are popular                                      (2mks)

6. Outline two advantages of hard disk over floppy disk.                            (2mks)
7. One stage of system development is system testing. Outline the advantages of this stage

before  implementation.                                                                                                                                    (1mk)

8. (a) Convert 111.011to a decimal notation.             (2mks)

• State one advantage of using binary number system in computers.               (1mk)

9. State one function of each of the following terms             (3mks)
10. Buffer………………………………………………………………………………….…………
11. ii) An accumulator…………………………………………………………………………………

iii)      Cache memory……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. Explain any two factors that should be put into consideration during output design.       (2mks)
11. (i) Define the term graphic and give two examples                                                     (2mks)

(ii) List any two sources of graphic that can be used in Microsoft word.                                   (1mk)

12. State the functions of the following logical functions as used in excel
13. If…………………………………………………………………………………..… (1mk)
14. Sum If ………………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
15. Count If………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)

• Why would one prefer to use a form for data input rather than entering data directly into a table.                                                                                                         (2mks)
• When using wizard to create a form, list four forms layout that you can use.    (2mks)

13. Distinguish between the following terms as used in DTP (4mks)

• Tracking and kerning
• Stroke and fill

14. (a) Define the following terms

• Structured programming                (1mk)

Constants                                                                                                                                  (1mk)

Variable                                                                                                                                   (1mk)

(b) Distinguish between dummy data and real data as used in system testing                          (2mks)

(c)      Mr Lugeno borrowed a loan of 200,000 from Ndege chai cooperative society at a rate

of 10%payable in 2 years flat rate. Draw a flow chart that can be used to develop a

computer program that will keep track of monthly repayments                                              (5mks)

15. (a) Define the following computer crimes

• Piracy                                (1mk)

1. ii) Industrial espionage                                          (1mk)

(b) Explain two ways of protecting data and information against unauthorized access         (4mks)

(c) Explain two functions of network operating system.                                                          (4mks)

(d) Differentiate between a repeater and a router as used in computer networking.                 (2mks)

(e) List down three duties of a computer trainer                                                                         (3mks)

16. (a) Explain any two types of human computer Interface.              (4mks)

(b) State four basic requirements of a standard computer laboratory                                  (4mks)

• Out line three types of job opportunities that are available in the computing field   (3mks)

(d)            (i) Differentiate between video conferencing and telecommuting as used  in  communicating

system                                                                                                                           (2mks)

(ii) Highlight two advantages of telecommuting                                                                  (2mks)

17. (a) Distinguish between the following

(i) Sequential and serial file organization methods.                                                                  (2mks)

(ii) Random and indexed sequential file organization methods                                                    (2mks)

(b) Explain the following types of data processing modes

1. i) Batch processing                          (2mks)
2. ii) Real time processing                                            (2mks)

(c)Define the following terms

1. Undo                                                                                                                        (1mk)
2. ii) Redo                           (1mk)

(d) State three breakthrough of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in

health care                                                                                                                              (3mks)

(e)List any two under graduate programs offered in public universities in Kenya                         (2mks)

18. (a) Draw a flowchart showing;
19. i) The WHILE loop                                            (2mks)
20. ii) The REPEAT…………UNTIL loop                                                                    (2mks)

 

• Differentiate between the following terms

1. i) Information system and system                                                                                 (2mks)
2. ii) Hard system and soft system                                                                                     (2mks)

(c)  List the seven stages of System Development Cycle (SDLC)                                         (7mks)

 

PAPER TWO

*NYR*

QUESTION 1

M/s Ann Momanyi, an ICT consultant with Makueni Distributors is in the process of developing a Management Information System (MIS) for the Company. Currently, she is designing sales database using three tables namely: – customers, products and transactions. The details for each table are given below:-

Customers                               Products                                  Transactions

Customer ID                           ProductID                               TransID

CustomerName                       ProductDescription                ClientName

PostalAddress                         Packaging                               TransacDate

Town                                       UnitPrice                                Product

Phone                                      Stock                                       Quantity

Questions

(a) Create a database named MIS and in it create three relations

(b) Identify the most appropriate field as the primary key in each table

(c) Establish relationships among the three tables and enforce the referential integrity

(d) Create a form for each table. Save the forms as Customer Form, Product Form and

            Transaction Form

(e) Use the respective forms to enter the following records in each table

CUSTOMERS TABLE

CustomerID	Customer Name	Postal Address	Town	Phone
H001	Andrew Mwove	209	Mutituni	200870
H002	Erick Onsongo	68	Nyamira	248567
H003	Brenda Nyabuti	100	Bomet	789678
H004	Lydiah Winzaa	250	Mwingi	778009
H005	Jeff Ogero	330	Keroka	666790
H006	Maureen Makuthu	550	Kakeani	780906

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRODUCTS TABLE

ProductID	Product Description	Packaging	Unit Price	Stock
AA001	Cooking Oil	20 kg Gal	16000	80
AA003	Rice	50Kg Bags	4500	60
AB004	Detergents	5 Litres	11000	40
AC006	Fertilizer	50Kg bags	4700	30
AA007	Mineral Water	1.5 Litres	8200	400

TRANSACTION TABLE

CustomerID	ClientName	TansacDate	Products	Quantity
1001	Andrew Mwove	06/04/2007	Cooking oil	6
1002		26/04/2007	Mineral water	8
1003	Erick Onsongo	23/04/2007	Detergents	10
1004	Maureen Makuthu	14/04/2007	Cooking oil	12
1005		02/05/2007	Rice	4
1006		08/05/2007	Fertilizer	3
1007	Erick Onsongo	16/05/2007	Detergents	25

(f) Create a query that displays the customer Name, Product Description, Quantity, Unit price and a

calculated field total payable by each customer. Save the query as MISQuery

(g) Generate a report from MISQuery. Save the report as MISReport

(h) Print the Customers, Products, Transaction table’s design, MISQuery and MISReport

 

QUESTION 2

Using DTP software design the publication based on the following instructions to appear as it is

1) Set the page to have portrait orientation and margins to be as follows;

(a) Format the heading: BISELEX BUSINESS” to bear the following features:-

(b) Font type: Copperplate Gothic

(c) Font size: 26

(d) Background color: grey

(f) Alignment: centered

2) Format the heading “New Arrivals for new generations’ to bear the following features:-

(a) Font type : Monotype corsiva

(b) Font size: 22

(c) Alignment: Centered

(d) Border style: 6pt

(e) Rotate it appropriately

3) Format the heading “All Under One Roof” to bear the following features:-

(a) Underline style: words only

(b) Font type: Arial Narrow

(c) Font size: 20

(d) Alignment: centered

(e) Rotate it appropriately

4) Format the text below the heading “Motto : Customer Satisfaction” to be in three columns

and format  it as follows:-

1^st column

1. i) Drop cap the first character to four lines
2. ii) Line spacing 1.25pt

2^nd column

1. i) Underline the title “Items” with a broken line
2. ii) Text weight: bold italics

iii) Bullet the listed items appropriately

3^rd column

5) Insert the rounded rectangle and format its heading to :

(i) Underline : Double

(ii) Font type: Arial Black

6) Format the text under the heading “LOCATION” as follows:-

(i) Font type: Castellar

(ii) Font size: 9pts

7) Insert the suitable picture as it appears in the publication

8) Insert the header to bear Your Name and the Footer to bear Your Index Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*MAT*

Question 1

(a) Wafula is a secretary for all clubs in the school. He has been told to create Club_DBMS id database

management system (DBMS) to help the club maintain record on the clubs’ members.

Relation name	Fields	Primary key
Student	Admission Number	Admission number
	First Name
	Last Name
	Form
	Stream
Club_Details	Club Number	Club Number
	Club Name
	Date established
Membership	Registration Number	Registration Number
	Club Number
	Admission Number
	Date of registration
	Membership fee

 

(a) Perform the following operations just like Wafula would:

(i) Create a database Club_DBMS with the tables shown above.                                                 (12mks)

(ii) Index on last name on the able student                                                                                    (2mks)

(iii) Crate a lookup list for the following fields in class student                                                  (3mks)

 

Field	Lookup list		Field	Lookup list
Form	One		Class	East
	Two			North
	Three			West
	Four			South

 

(iv) Create One-Many relationship between the relations and enforce referential integrity            (3mks)

(b) Create use friendly screen inputs with the Add New Record, Find Record, Delete Record and

Close Screen Input commands for each of the table, save them using respective table’s name   (12mks)

(c)  Using the input screens, enter the records below:                                                                      (6mks)

Admn. No.	First Name	Last Name	Form	Stream
3200	Busaule	Mwitani	Two	East
3811	Mawi	Martha	One	South
2844	Nambwaya	Nancy	Four	East
2910	Wafula	Victor	Four	Central
3295	Hassan	Eunice	Three	East
2956	Busolo	Josephat	Three	North
2977	Makhanu	Josephat	Four	South
3216	Mateshe	Jackline	Three	West

 

 

Club Number	Club Name	Date established
97/Mat	Mathematics	05/02/1997
02/Sci	Science	08/04/2002
01/Env	Environment	01/09/2001
97/Lan	Debate	08/04/1997

 

 

Reg. Number	Admn. No.	Club No.	Reg. Date	Membership Fee
MT/0013	2844	97/Mat	12/03/2007	100
SC/0189	2977	02/Sci	11/03/2007	120
MT/0975	2910	97/Mat	05/05/2007	100
DB/0111	2977	97/Lan	11/03/2007	90
EN/1001	3811	01/Env	01/03/2010	80
SC/0998	3216	02/Sci	09/10/2008	120
SC/1006	2844	02/Sci	12/03/2007	120
DB/0565	3295	97/Lan	10/05/2008	90

 

(c) Create a query for each record containing the product of membership fees $ multiplied by 79.8.

Label this column “Amount in shillings”. The query should display: Last Name (in ascending order),

First Name, Registration Number, Date of Registration, Amount in shillings. For all members whosel

last name start with M or J and first name start with M save the query as Query M                 (8mks)

(d) Create a query that Display Admission Number, Last name, first Name, Club Names and

Registration date for form four students. Save query as Members                                             (3mks)

(e) Create a tabular report from Query-M that displays Last Name, First Name, Membership Number,

Date of Registration, Membership Fees paid in shillings and display the total to the membership fees

at the end of the report. Save the repo\rt as “Membership Report”                                              (5mks)

 

Admn. No.	First Name	Last Name	Form	Stream
3200	Busaule	Mwitani	Two	East
3811	Mawi	Martha	One	South
2844	Nambwaya	Nancy	Four	East
2910	Wafula	Victor	Four	Central
3295	Hassan	Eunice	Three	East
2956	Busolo	Josephat	Three	North
2977	Makhanu	Josephat	Four	South
3216	Mateshe	Jackline	Three	West

(f) Create a tabular report from Members query, sort the records by first name and save it as

Club Members.                                                                                                                  (4mks)

(g) On each report, add your name, index number and page number in the format “Page X of  Y

pages”  as footer                                                                                                              (4mks)

(h) Add “Mary Seat of Wisdom Bulimbo Girls’ Sec. School” and Report Name as Header on

each report                                                                                                                         (2mks)

(i) Print membership Report, Club Members, Query-M and Student table                         (4mks)

 

Question two

(a) Enter the following as it is onto worksheet and save it as the budget                             (7mks)

A	B	C	D	E	F	G
No.	Item description	Quantity bought	Unit price	Amount	Comments	Cost Rank
1	2Kg Mumias Sugar	4	210
2	Sony 2HD floppy	3	37
3	Rapid spring file	10	56
4	200pg A4 books	9	89
5	1 litre Quencher	2	256
6	AIHAO Gelink pen	15	55
7	Omega dustless chalk	18	105
8	LG 2GB Flash Disk	4	1055
	Total

(b) Rename worksheet 1 as Budget and Worksheet 2 as My Graph                                                (3mks)

(c) Insert two rows above labels in the budget 1 worksheet. Enter in the first row, a Word Art “

A sample Budget: Back to Business.”                                                                             (4mks)

(d) Enter cell B2 and C2, VAT and 18% respectively                                                          (1mk)

(e) Calculate ;

(i) Using name referencing calculate the amount for each item (amount = quantity *price) (4mks)

(ii) Total quantity, price and amount using formulae                                                                       (3mks)

(iii) Display “Thank for shopping” for amount above 500, “Almost in a draw” for amount

between 250 and 499, otherwise “Buy More”                                                                (4mks)

(f) Using column E, rank the items with the most costly ranked as the last                                    (4mks)

(g) Format all values on the worksheet to two decimal places aligned right of cell and in

pounds (£)                                                                                                                          (3mks)

(h) Copy the information on Budget1 worksheet to workshet3. Rename corksheet3 as copied(2mk

(i) Save the workbook as Budget2                                                                                         (1mk)

(j) Change respective quantities of items on budget 1 worksheet                                        (1mk)

Sony 2HD floppy        18

200pg A4 books          12

(k) Using item name and taxes on Budget1 worksheet, create a line chart of item description and

amount on worksheet My Graph                                                                                     (8mks)

(l) Save the workbook as Final Budget and print the chart                                                   (2mks)

 

*MUM*

WORD PROCESSOR

1. (a) Type the following passage exactly as it appears into a word-processor, spell check and

format it  accordingly. Use typeface Times New Romans, font size 12.

Format your document to fit exactly on one page. Save it as A: NET 1                       (26marks)

 

NETWORKS MODELS

Networks can be organized into three basic models client/server, peer to peer and centralize computing. Client/Server and peer-to-peer are used with PC networks. While centralized computing models are used with mid-range and mainframe computers usually running a UNIX-based operating system. The peer-to-peer model is the simplest to implement and assemble. Client/server is the most popular configuration, because of its versatility and power drawing mainly from the vast variety and higher performance of specialized server hardware.

 

Central computing networks

The host is the core of the centralized computing model. Host computers typically run the UNIX operating system and can process multiple jobs simultaneously and in a very efficient manner. Jobs are initiated by the Terminal, which has no processing capability on its own and simply provides input/output for the host. The user logs into the host computer to process the user’s job; when the job is finished, the host computer sends the results of the job back to the terminal.

 

The main advantage of centralized computing is that they are the highest performance networks today. Its major disadvantages are:

• They are costly
• They are dependent on custom written software
• They are more complicated than PC severs

 

Client/Server Networks

The client/server network is the workhorse of the network world and consists of at least one server with shared recourses and one or more clients which users do their work on. The server, often called the back end, stores and secures users’ files. It provides the single point of administration for network users, files, and applications. In a client/server network, the function of the server is to provide services, where as the function of the client is to provide the actual processing. Most client/server networks are built round a domain structure, where all servers within a given domain share a common administration scheme.

Peer-to-peer Networks

A peer-to-peer network is simply a group of computers that function as both servers and clients (share and access resources). In this type of network, a user works on a workstation and actually shares that workstation’s resources with other workstations.

 

Disadvantages

• It may be slow
• Lack of a central security administration
• Decentralized administration might be a nightmare.

 

(b) (i) Bold face and italicize all the occurrences of the words client/server

(ii) Justify and set the left and right indents of the second paragraph at 1 inch.

(ii) Save the document as A: NET 2                                                                                        (6mks)

(c) (i) Copy NET 1 passage to a new document

(ii) Present the document into two columns with a line between the columns. Introduce a

column break on the sub heading “Client/Server Networks” so that your second column

begins exactly with that header.

(iii) Save the new document as A:NET 3                                                                                 (6mks)

(d) (i) Introduce double space in the last paragraph of NET 2

(ii) Search and replace the word “host” with “main” in the whole passage.

(iii) Save the document as A:NET 4                                                                                (6mks)

(e) (i) Animate the title of the passage of document NI-T4 to have a blinking background.

(ii) Convert the paper orientation to landscape and format your document to fit on one page.

(iii) Save the passage as A: NET5                                                                                                 (5mks)

(f) Print2. A stationery store keeps a record of all items sold in the store. The details are given

in  table 3 table 3 below.

Item code	Description	Quantity	Supplier
005 001 009 007 010 006 002 003 008 004	HBI pencils (doz) Stapler Photocopy paper (reams) Staples (packets) 120 pages (ex. Books) Spring files Diskettes HB2 pencils (doz) Foolscaps (reams) Chalk	200 100 200 300 200 200 300 500 300 350	Shah Shah Chania Vipingo Vipingo Shah Chania Shah Vipingo chania

(a) Create a database structure containing the fields:

Item code

Description

Quantity

Supplier

(b) Enter the records as shown in table 3 into your database and save it as Stat 1.             (l2mks)

(c) Modify Stat 1 to include the field for date received and save as Stat 2.                                     (3mks)

(d) Items with cods 001, 007, 009 and 010 were received on 10/05/200 1. Items with codes

002, 005, and 008 were received on 12/05/2001 and the rest were received on 15/05/2001.

Enter this information on the date received field.                                                           (5mks)

(e) Sort Stat 2 on item code field in descending order and save it as Stat3.                                    (6mks)

(f) Create a query to extract all items delivered by Shah on 15/05/200 1 and save as query 1.

(g) Using Stat 1, generate a tabular report titled “Stationery store items” and containing the

following fields in the order shown.

Supplier                      Description                 Quantity

Save the report as report 1

Print Stat1, Stat3, query 1 and report1                                                                                  (8mks)

 

 

 

*TNW*

Q1. (a) Type the passage below as it appears using a word processing package and save it as A:\Bono1.

(Settings: Font Arial, font size 12 for all text, margins; top 0.5”, bottom 0.6”, left 1”, right 0.5”,

1^st Heading Size 20, 2^nd & 3^rd Size 14 ).                                                                                 36mks

 

WE MUST STRIVE FOR GREAT THINGS IN LIFE

 

one should leave legacy that speaks for years. Paul Hewson was in Nairobi recently. That won’t mean much to you, until I explain that I was referring to Bono, the world – famous lead singer of rock band U2 and campaigner against global poverty. Bono didn’t really make much noise while in Kenya. He attended the ëNation Mediaû  group’s Pan Africa Media Conference, took H₂o, talked to a couple of journalists and left.

 

 

 

He didn’t do the other things that visiting celebrities of his stature do when in Africa: adopt a cheetah or a baby hippo, start a school for orphans, shoot the breeze pointlessly with Emilio and Tinga, utter banalties about the girl child. Bono reserves his energy for other things.

Popular Media

Bono is not famous just for being a singer. For the past couple of decades he has been one of the most visible humanitarian activists, using his fame to enlist powerful allies from:

• Government
• Religious institutions
• Philanthropic groups
• Popular media and
• The business world.

He has personally spearheaded the campaign for debt relief for the world’s poorest countries, and has been a vocal champion for Africa. Not everyone agrees with these efforts. Author Paul Theroux savaged Bono, Bob Geldof and other celebrity humanitarians, saying that creating “the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and can be saved only by outside help – not to mention celebrities and charity concerts – is a destructive and misleading conceit.”

 

 

I happen to agree with that view and have propagated it in writing for many years. I don’t think Africa’s

salvation will come from outsiders,

 

 

 

 

 

and it certainly won’t come from endless handouts and a crippling dependency culture.

 

 

On Trivia

           

 

 

What about you? How big is your life? Are you allowing your time on earth to be frittered away on trivia, or are you going to make a net positive impact on the planet? Are you doing something, anything bigger than yourself? Are you raising

a child to be a better person than you are? Are running a business or conducting a profession that sets a standard in good practice? Or are you content to be a small person imprisoned in a small life?

2. b) i. Copy the paragraph that begins with “He has personally……..” to page 2. (1mk)
3.      Set the paragraph to hanging indent.                                                                             (1mk)

iii. Change the line spacing of the entire paragraph to double and convert it to landscape.(4mks)

c). Insert your name and index number as the header left aligned.                                      (1mk)

d). Carry out word count on the document and write on the paper provided the number of:

• Words
• Characters (with spaces)
• Characters (no spaces)                                                                                              (3mks)

e). Paginate the document using page x of y at the top center.                                             (2mks)

f). Save the entire document as A:\Bono2                                                                             (1mk)

g). Print document A:\Bono2.                                                                                                            (1mk)

 

Q2. The information in the following two tables relates to a vehicle buying and selling business.

 

Table 1: Seller details

 

Seller No	Seller Name	Address	Town
8215	Samcon	23454	Nakuru
8242	CMC	654	Eldoret
8430	DCM motors	3554	Nairobi
8620	Farmers Garage	7645	Kitale
8845	KCI	8643	Kisumu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2: Vehicle details

 

Reg No	Make	Type	Price	Seller No
KAJ 543Q	Nissan	Matatu	1,200,000	8242
KAQ 952R	Mercedes	Saloon	4,000,000	8242
KAX 534S	Peugeot	Pickup	960,400	8620
KAZ 454C	Mazda	Saloon	550,000	8215
KBA 386A	Toyota	Pickup	750,000	8620
KBB 917A	Toyota	Saloon	800,000	8430
KBE 875T	Isuzu	Lorry	1,800,650	8430
KBG 805G	Scania	Bus	10,500,000	8845
KBJ 324D	Isuzu	Bus	9,200,000	8845
KZL 931	Toyota	Matatu	1,400,000	8620

 

a). Create a database file named A:\Business.                                                                             (2mks)

b). Create the two tables above and save them using their respective names. Determine the

appropriate primary keys.                                                                                                 (10mks)

c). Create a form based on each table. Insert form titles as seller details form and vehicle

details form respectively.                                                                                                (5mks)

d). Use the forms to enter the records in the two tables as shown above.                                  15mks)

e). Create a query containing the following fields(Reg no, Make, price and Seller name). It.

Should display only those vehicles whose prices are above 1000,000. Save as Sales1.      (6mks)

f). Remove the criteria set in sales1 query. Include a calculated field in the sales query to

derive new prices if the current prices went up by 5%. Save as sales2.                         (5mks)

g). Create a tabular report based on sales2 query. The report should show the total amount

collected from selling the vehicles if they were sold at their new prices. Save as report.         (4mks)

1. h) Print the seller details table, vehicle details table and the report.             (3mks)

 

 

*KKC*

QUESTION 1

(a)       Type the following letter as it  appears in a word processor. Use the mail merge feature to produce copies of the same letter to the persons whose details are given below:-                        (12 mks)

 

MWANGAZA HIGH SCHOOL

P.O. BOX 4800

ELDORET

8^TH JULY, 2010

 

<NAME≥  <ADMNO≥

<ADDRESS>

<TOWN>

Dear <Name>

 

RE: 2009 KCSE RESULTS

I AM Happy to inform you that NOKDEC Examinations are out. Kindly arrange to visit our school on <<Date to visit > at 9.00 a.m. In order to know the details. Remember to carry your original K.C.P.E certificate and Examination register card bearing the index number.

 

Yours truly,

 

 

Headteacher

 

Data source (List of candidates)

Name	Adm. No.	Address	Town	Date of visit
Mark Otieno	8071	P.O Box 24	Sondu	10/08/2010
Kevin Kirui	8089	P.O. Box 172	Kericho	11/08/2010
Benard Soi	8065	P.O. Box 84	Bomet	24/08/2010

Required:-

1. i) Save main document as Main Doc (1 mk)
2. ii) Save data source as Data source (1 m)

iii) Change addresses and reference font size to 14 points.                                      (1 ½ mk)

1. iv) Underline the reference. (½ mk)
2. v) Merge the letter onto main document so as to produce copies for all the candidates

and save  it as Results 2009                                                                                  (6 mks)

1. vi) Print the letter, main Doc, Data source, Results 2009 (3 mks)

 

1. b) Type the following text in a word processing software. (22 mks)

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS & OPERATING SYSTEMS.

            A computer is a machine or an electronic device that can solve problems by accepting

data, performing certain operations on that data (processing) and presenting the results

of those operations (information)

Basic characteristics that distinguish a computer from other information processing

devices:-

(i) A computer is electronic – That is, all its processing operations are carried out

with electrical signal.

(ii) A computer can store information for future reference. This is done on temporary

basis with memory circuits and permanently with storage devices such as magnetic

disks and tape.

(iii) Computer is programmable – unlike other devices built to perform a single function,

a computer can be instructed or programmed to perform a variety of tasks.

 

HOW A COMPUTER WORKS.

Connecting the data (raw facts) into information (organized, usable form) is called data processing. Data get into system by means of an input device e.g. keyboard then the computer performs the necessary calculations or manipulations on the data and finally the organized information is displayed by an output device e.g. a monitor.

 

FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY A COMPUTER.

Although computers have many applications, they can perform only three basic tasks

(i) Arithmetic functions on numeric data (Adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing).

(ii) Test relationship between data items (by comparing values).

(iii) Store and retrieve data.

 

These skills are really no more than people can do, but the computer can accomplish the task more;

– Faster

– Accurately

– Reliably

 

Required:-

(a) Align the title to the centre and underline it.                                                       (1 mk)

• Add boarder to the title.             (2 mks)
• Replace all the Roman Numbers with bullets.             (2 mks)

(d) (i) Insert the footer “Computer Assessment Test 2010.”                                                (1 mk)

(ii) Insert the header “Your Name and the Index No.”                                         (1 mk)

(e) Set the spacing to exactly 1.5                                                                               (4 mks)

1. f) Insert Word Art “COMPUTER” and set it to appear behind the text. (5 mks)

(g) Search for words “computer” and replace all with “PC.”                                               (2 mks)

(h) Move paragraph with heading “How a computer operates” to the end of the document.

(i) Set the front style of the document to Aerial black.                                            (3 mks)

(j) Save your work as “computer literacy.”                                                               (1 mk)

(k) Print your document.                                                                                            (2 mks)

 

 

2. (a) Create a new workbook and name it as form 4 computer exams.             (1 mk)

NAME	CLASS	Adm No.	CAT1	CAT2	CAT3	TOTAL	AVERAGE	CLASS POSITION	REMARKS
Maina Joan	E	7984	80	70	59
Ken Korir	W	7896	75	55	72
Benard K.	E	8092	86	59	75
John Soi	E	7460	80	79	70
Kipsang Bett	W	7892	76	75	80
Mitei E.	E	7800	38	48	25
Mark J.	W	8490	37	51	29
Koech Ben	W	8184	30	86	75
James W.	E	8082	25	27	20
Abuya Ken	E	8083	30	25	25
Leonard B.	W	8047	39	24	25

 

(b) Enter the following data in sheet 1.                                                                    (20 mks)

(c) Rename the sheet as Term One Results.                                                             (1 mk)

(d) Find:

(i) Totals                                                                                                         (2 mks)

(ii) Average                                                                                                    (2 mks)

(e) Use IF function to award remarks as follow:

– A student whose average is above or equals to 65 gets “Excellent.”

– An average of 55 or above but less than 65 gets “Average.”

– An average of less than 55 award “Below Average.”

(f) (i) Award positions to students basing on the average score.                              (3 mks)

(ii) On the last rows enter formulas to count students from both classes.                      (2 mks)

(g) Sort the student list by class position in ascending order.                                  (2 mks)

(h) (i) Insert a bar graph  to display the information below:-

– The three CATS

– Names

– Title as “TERM ONE COMPUTER RESULTS”

1. ii) Place the legend at the bottom of the graph. (1 mk)

iii) Save the chart on a new sheet and name it graphical analysis.              (1 mk)

(i) Print:

1. i) The filtered lower group. (1 mk)
2. ii) The chart. (1 mk)

iii) Term one results sheet.                                                                            (1 mk)

 

*UGU*

1. (a) Using a word processing package, type the passage below as it appears and save it as

A:/STRESSDOC1                                                                                      (27mks)

A parent who appreciates by             saying, “Well done’   or I’m proud of you’ can leave an indelible mark.

 

There is much more to facing stress in life than the right diet and physical exercises. Indeed, it could be that the attitude on which your life is founded is the most vital part of the picture.

 

Take charge of your life

Keeping stress at bay involves treating yourself as someone with a right to life. That will involve a degree of assertiveness and confrontation. Those very words can conjure up images of a shoot-out at the OK Corral. It does not have to be that way. There is a world of difference between being assertive and being aggressive. Sadly, many who need to break out from being always submissive to the expectation and demands of others can only imagine that the alternative is to be aggressive.

 

You are submissive when:

• you are not willing or not able to express your feelings, needs, values and personal concerns
• you let others invade personal space and trample on your rights.

 

You are aggressive when:

– you tend to stomp over other people

– you inflict and impose your views and values on others, expressing your feelings at their

expense.

 

You are assertive when:

• you say what you want, without overwhelming or abusing other people
• you are clear about your own position and let other people know
• you can accept that others may have views different from your own and may wish to negotiate their position accordingly.

 

Assertiveness involves much more than defending your rights. It equally concerns your being prepared to expect that your own needs be recognized and met. In particular, two key statements typify the maturity of character that lies behind assertive. These are the conviction that:

• I have the right to decide for myself whether or not I am responsible for finding a solution to someone else’s problem and they have the same right when faced with mine.
• I have the right to deal with people without having to make them like me and they have the same right concerning

 

Few people find that assertiveness comes easily. But the hard work involved in monitoring your personal style together with some training through a local evening class or appropriate reading pays dividends. This is because mastering assertiveness leads to:

• better and more honest communication
• giving others greater dignity and respect
• learning to relax and reduce anxiety
• getting more of your needs accepted
• closer interpersonal relationships
• taking responsibility of what happens in your life
• feeling better about yourself
• protection from being taken advantage of by others

 

(b)    (i) Spell check the passage                                                                                             (2mks)

(ii) Indent the first line of the paragraph starting with “Keeping stress at bay…..”                (2mks)

By 1.2cm (or 0.47”)

(iii) Select the paragraph starting with “Assertiveness involves much more…..” and set the

left and the right margins to 2cm (or 0.79”) and fully justify. Save the changes as A:/STRESSDOC2.                                                                                                         (6mks)

(iv) Insert page numbering at the bottom center of each page                                    (2mks)

 

(c)       (i) Retrieve A:/STRESSDOC1 and covert all the text from the paragraph starting with

“There is   much more…”” into two columns of the same width and height.         (5mks)

(ii) Change the line spacing for the entire paragraph starting with “There is more to facing

stress….”        to 1.5.                                                                                                                (2mks)

(iii) Save the changes as A:/STRESSDOC3                                                                  (1mk)

(d)    Print the documents;  A:\STRESSDOC2 A:\STRESSDOC3             (3mks)

 

 

2. Use the information in the table below to design a database. Name the table as “EmpT and store the database file as Company                                                                               (20mks)

Name	Date of birth	Sex	ID No.	Dept	Salary paid (Kshs.)
Peter	20-07-71	Male	1377841	Accounts	3000
James	30-5-78	Male	1235542	Sales	4000
Gregory	30-06-79	Male	1244745	Account s	5600
Job	14-04-77	Male	2213540	Marketing	4500
Sarah	14-07-79	Female	1124681	Sales	3000
Paul	12-04-80	Male	1455367	Accounts	3500
Onyango	25-04-08	Male	0147535	Sales	7000
Jessica	01-01-79	Male	5664124	Sales	3500

 

(a) Create a form named EmpF and add two more records using the form                   (5mks)

(b) Create three reports to print the information below:

(i) Employees listed by Department types (EmpR1)                                                (6mks)

(ii) Alphabetical listings of all employees (EmpR2)

(iii) All employees in the sales department get a 2% commission on sales. Create a report to

show   the commission paid to all the sales people, if the basic salary for the sales people is

Kshs.3000        (EmpR3)                                  (8mks)

(c)  Create a query (EmpQ) to show who will be retiring at the end of the year, if the retirement

age is 55.

 

 

*KSM*

1. You are an accountant in affirm that provides mobile phone services. You wish to work out

the pay  details for a new employee and present a report.

NAME	YEARS WORKED	BASIC PAY	DEPARTMENT	SALES (KSH)	HOUR OF OVERTIME	MILEAGE (KM)
Eric	9	14000	sales	16000	10	120000
Stephen	23	18000	admin	25000	11	130000
Fred	5	7000	sales	22000	12	112000
John	17	18000	marketing	12000	15	134200
Julius	18	16000	sales	11000	22	123000
Daniel	3	25000	admin	30000	12	10200
Martin	11	19000	sales	35000	33	132000
Stanley	15	15000	marketing	14000	14	112000
Evans	11	23000	admin	25000	0	12000
Gideon	8	17000	accounts	14000	7	154000

(a) Using the information above, design an appropriate spreadsheet and enter the given data, give

it a suitable title and save it as A: Tel 1                                                                      (14mks)

(b) (i)calculate the total sales and total mileage and labels them accordingly               (4mks)

(ii) Write on the paper provided the formula used for total mileage                         (1mk)

(iii) Save the spreadsheet now as A: Tel 2                                                                  (1mk)

(c) (i) The employees sales commission is calculated as 11% of the employees sales. Input this

commission rat in cell C20 and label it appropriately.                                            (3mks)

(ii) Insert a new column labeled ‘sales commission’ between ‘sales’ and ‘hours of overtime’

(iii) Create a formula to give the amount f sales commission by making reference to sales

commission cell.                                                                                                     (4mks)

(iv) On the paper provided write the formula created.                                                  (1mk)

(v) Copy the formula to get the sales commission for all the other employees and save the

worksheet as A: Tel 3                                                                                                (3mks)

(d) (i)staff who work in admin and work overtime are given a bonus of shs.3600 but no overtime

pay, while staff who work in other departments are paid overtime pay at a rate of shs.200

per hour. Create a new labeled ‘overtime and use a function to fill the value into the column

appropriately.                                                                                                                        (6mks)

(ii) On the paper provided write the function you have used                                       (2mks)

(iii) Save the spreadsheet now as A: Tel 4(1mk)

(e) (i) Create a column for the sales/mileage  ratio and label it ‘sales/mileage’. Use a function

to calculate the ratio and copy it down the column to fill the value for all employees.

(ii) Use the IF function to put the remarks ‘GOOD’ in a new labeled REMARK for only these

employees whose sales/mileage ratio is greater than 2                                        (4mks)

(iii) Save the spreadsheet now as A: Tel 5                                                                     (1mk)

(iv) Print files Tel 1, .Tel 2, Tel 3, and Tel4and Tel 5                                                    (2mks)

 

 

2. Compulynx is a company with numerous branches in east Africa. in order to monitor the

performance of the branches and that of the cities in which the branches are located, a database

to organize the  information is required:-

(a) Create a database file and name it company                                                                (2mks)

(b) (i) create a table containing the following fields                                                        (4mks)

Field name	Field type
STORE-NO	Number/numeric
BRANCH	Text/character
CITY	Text/character
STAFF-SIZE	Number/numeric

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(ii) Make the field STORE-NO the primary key and save the tables as STORES.            (2mks)

(c) (i) Create a form from the STORE able and save it as STORE-FORM                      (5mks)

(ii) Use the form to enter the records below                                                                (5mks)

 

     STORE-NO           BRANCH           CITY                     STAFF SIZE

I                       Tudor                   Mombasa                     15

2                      Bongo                  Dar-es-salam             14

3                      Sunset                  Nairobi                      21

4                       lake view              Kampala                    15

5                       king’orani             Mombasa                     9

6                       Beach town          kisumu                     16

7                       ABC                      Nairobi                     89

8                       crane Ltd              kampala                      7

9                      wheat land            nakuru                     12

10                     ocean view           Dar-es-salam             6

 

(d) (i) Modify the Store table to include and additional field with the heading SALES(SHS)            (3mks)

(ii) Enter the information below for each of the stores                                                           (2mks)

STORES-NO                         SALES

• 789,300
• 685,400
• 376,958
• 355,420
• 457,800
• 682,458
• 541,000
• 235,420
• 352,415
• 433,443

 

(iii) In the STORES table, swap the fields CITY with BRANCH                               (2mks)

(e) (i) Create a query from the STORE tales to display the field BRANCH,CITY,STAFF-SIZE

and SALES(SHS) for stores whose sales are less than 400,00                                          (3mks)

(ii) Sort the records in the query above in alphabetical order of BRANCH field and save it as

POOR PERFORMERS                                                                                                        (2mks)

(f)  (i) create a tabular report with landscape orientation from STORE tables to display the field

in the following order

STORE-NO    BRANCH    SALES (SHS)                                                               4mks)

(ii) Sort records in the report in alphabetic order of the BRANCH field (1mk)

(iii) Compute the total sales and place it below the SALES (shs) column and change its font

size to 13                                                                                                               (5mks)

(iv)Place two straight lines cutting across the page, one above and one below the sales total

(g)  (i) Insert a header COMPULYNX PERFOEMANCE in the  report having font size 19 and

centre it across the page                                                                                           (3mks)

(ii) Remove the report pagination and insert your name and index number in its place and

save the  report as PERFORMANCE                                                                       (2mks)

(h) Print STORES table, POOR PERFORMER query and performance report

 

*KKE*

1 a) Create anew workbook and name it as form 2 computer exams (1mk)

 

Name	class	Adm.No:	CAT1	CAT2	CAT3	total	average	Class position	Remark
Maina john	E	7984	80	70	59
Ken Korir	W	7896	75	55	72
Bernard K	E	8092	86	59	75
John Soi	E	7460	80	79	70
Kipsang Bett	W	7892	76	75	80
Mitei E	E	7800	38	48	25
Mark J	W	8490	37	51	29
Koech Ben	W	8184	30	86	75
James W	E	8082	25	27	20
Abuya ken	E	8083	30	25	25
Leonard	W	8047	39	24	25

1. b) Enter the following data in sheet 1 (15mks)
2. c) Rename the sheet as term one result (1mk)
3. d) Find:

i)totals

1. ii) Average (2mks)
2. e) Use the subtotals function to find the average of each class (5mks)
3. f) Use the IF function to award marks as follows

 

• A student whose average is above or equal 65 is given “excellent”
• An average of 55 or above but less than 65 award “average work”
• An average less than 55 award “work below average”

1. Award position to students basing on the average scored (3mks)
2. ii) On the last rows, enter formulas to count students from both classes (2mks)
3. g) Sort the student list by class position in ascending order (2mks)
4. h) i)copy the entire worksheet onto sheet 2 and rename it “lower group”(2mks)

ii)filter “lower group” sheet to display students from “E” class and whose average score is

below 50

1. i) Draw a bar graph to display the following information (3mks)

-the three cats

-names

-Title as “TERM ONE COMPUTER RESULTS”

1. Place the legend at the bottom of the graph (1mk)
2. ii) Save the chart on a new sheet and name it graphical analysis (1mk)
3. j) Print
4. The filtered lower group (1mk)
5. The chart (1mk)

iii) Term one results sheet (1mk)

 

2 a) Create a database called ELIMU (2mks)

1. b) Create three tables EXAMINATION, DOS and BOARDING with the field as shown below
2. c) Create a relationship between the three tables and enforce integrity (6mks)
3. d) Enter the data items in the given three tables (15mks)

	EXAMINATIONS
Admission  number	mathematics	English	Kiswahili	Biology
1	45	67	90	23
10	45	89	90	20
2	45	70	80	45
3	89	90	90	20
4	78	9	90	50
5	67	89	60	90
6	67	90	7	80
7	34	78	70	90
8	23	50	38	90
9	23	15	67	20

 

		DOS
Admission number	S name	Other names	KCPE Mark	Year of KCPE
1	Peter	Barasa	327	2007
10	Johnson	Suk	250	2001
2	Alex	Ojwang’	340	1998
3	Chepkuto	Esther	250	2008
4	Wekesa	Raymond	450	2007
5	Alex	Wamwana	410	2003
6	Jane	Kilonzo	400	2000
7	Mathew	Kariuki	450	1999
8	Nasimiyu	Catheen	290	2003
9	Kimathi	John	300	2001
	BOARDING
Admission number	uniform	tool	Tool name
1	No	12	JEMBE
10	Yes	20	JEMBE
2	No	11	PANGA
3	Yes	1	SLASHER
4	Yes	111	JEMBER
5	No	15	RAKE
6	Yes	22	BASIN
7	Yes	11	BROOMS
8	Yes	90	RAKE
9	yes	23	BUCKET

 

1. e) Design query that would display the following fields as shown below and write down the formulae for getting the total score and criteria for extracting the records below (10marks)

	Admin
Admission number	uniform	S Name	KCPE Mark	maths	English	Kiswahili	TOTAL SCORE
1	Yes	chepkuto	250	89	90	90	269
10	Yes	wekesa	450	78	9	90	177
2	Yes	Jane	400	67	90	7	164

 

1. f) Design a report that would sort the following in ascending order of the following fields, total score, and KCPE score, name the admission number and the report should display all the fields. Save the report as administration (5mks)
2. g) Print, administration and admin (2mks)

 

 

*RCH*

Question 1.

Ms – Access Database

(a) Create a database file called VIDEOS and use it to enter the details that follow.         (3 mks)

(b) Create a table called Customer using the following structure.                                       (4 mks)

Field Name                 Data type       Size           Description                          Caption

            Customer ID               Number           3                3 – digit unique number      Customer ID

Last Name                  Text                 25              Enter the Last Name           Last Name

First Name                  Text                 15              Enter First Name                 First Name              Address                       Text                 50              Address                                Address

Birth Date                   data/time                           Enter yyyy/mm/dd              Date of birth

Home Tel                    Text                 14                   Home Tel.                   Home Tel.

Work Tel                    Text                 14              Work Tel.                         Work Tel.

Email                          Text                 40              Email Address                     Email Address

Gender Place              Text                   1             M or F                                   Gender

Work Place                 Text                 40        Place of employment    Place of employment

(i) Make the Customer ID Field the primary key.                                                                 (1 mk)

(ii) Format the Last Name and First Name fields to convert characters to upper case by using >.

(iii) Enter Yes in the required property of the Last Name, First Name and Gender fields. (1 mk)

(iv) Format the Birth Date field yyyy.mm.dd to input the birth dates ,year, month abd day.(1 mk)

(v) Use the input mask for the Home Telephone and work Telephone fields. The input mask should be    (999) 999 – 999.

(vi) Format the Gender field to convert the character to upper case using >.                                  (1 mk)

(vii) Enter the M or F for the Validation rule field of the gender Field.                              (1 mk)

(viii) Enter the Only valid entries are M or F in the validation Text of the Gender Field.(1 mk)

(ix) Enter Yes in the required property of the gender field.                                                 (1 mk)

 

(x) Save the tables as Customer.                                                                                            (1 mk)

Customer ID	Last Name	First Name	Address	Birth Date	Home Tel.	Work Tel.	Email	Gender	Work place
201	JOHNSON	MICHELE	RUBY PARK, ST PHILIP	1969/02/15	(245) 431- 2916	(246)_ 2196	Michele@bclub.com	F	Bankers Night Club
202	CHANDLER	TRYONE	BANK HALL, ST. MICHAEL	1969/03/05	(246) 431- 8971	(246) 422- 1119		M	GE Electronics
203	BANFIELD	SHIRLEY	71 LONG BAY DEVELOPMENT	1970/10/26	(246) 5441		sheba@email.com	F
204	ISIDORE	EYSTHER	4MT STANDFAST, ST. JAMES	1968/11/10	(246) 433 – 9172	(246) 422 – 1999		F	Queen Elizabeth Hospital
205	CONNEL	WINSTON	CANE GARDEN, ST. THOMAS	1971/12/10	(246)  433 – 9172	(246) 417- 4177	connel@hotmail.com	M	Transport Board
206	KELLMAN	ARLENE	ST. PATRIICKS, CHRIST CHURCH	1974/06/10	(246) 421 – 2031	(246) 426 – 2979	sypher@hotmail.com	F	KMGP
207	PAYNE	REBA	FOSTER, HALL, ST. GEORGE	1967/01/03	(246) 423- 6823	(246) 423 – 9741	rebapay@sunbeach.com	F	Core Crystal Hotel
208	GRANT	FREDERIC H	GRAPEHALL, ST. LUCY	1962/09/09	(246) 417 – 2280			M
209	SMITH	IRENE	ASHTON HALL, ST. PETER	1945/07/07	(246) 433- 3302		storm@hotmail.com	F
210	THOMAS	WICKMAN N	BOSCOBELLE, ST. ANDREW	1943/04/06	(246) 429 – 2916	(246) 422 – 1231		M	JG Retirement home
211	CATWELL	PAULINE	BRAGGS HILL, ST. JOSEPH	1970/02/02	(246) 433 – 87 91		catpur@yaho.com	F	Caribbean Union
212	GREAVES	LINDA	TOHMPSON ROAD, ST. THOMAS	1970/09/10	(246) 417 – 4177	(246) 417- 4177		F	Shoppers Retail Store

1. c) Enter the following data into the customer table. (10 mks)

 

(d) Save the table as Customer.

 

(e) Some new data become available and a few changes have to be made to existing table.

These tasks are   listed below.

(i) Enter the new address for Shirley Banfields as 7 Bayfield Development.          (1 mk)

(ii) Delete record 12.

 

(f) Index in ascending order the customer table on the last name and first name fields in the design

view. The index is called Name.                                                                                       (5 mks)

 

(g) Perform a select query and print the last name, first name, address, home and work telephone

numbers for each customer. He would like the information printed with the last names in

alphabetical   order. Save the query as Customer List.                                                   (5 mks)

 

(h)       (i) Create a query to display all customers who live in St. Michael or St. Thomas. Save

the  query    as Saint.                                                                                              (2 mks)

(ii) Display all customers whose last names begin with “B’ save it as B.               (2 mks)

 

(i) Create a Customer data entry form from the customer table. The title of the form should be

“Customer Data Entry Form”                                                                                           (4 mks)

 

(j) Print customer table, Customer List, Saint and B.                                                                       (2 mks)

 

Question 2.

Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel

 

You are employed as a sales clerk at JOY TO THE WORLD Mobile Shopping Center. Make a Spreadsheet, which keeps track of 2001 Xmas Orders. Enter the data below, using a format of $ and 2 decimal places for the Cost.

	A	B	C	D	E
1	CLIENT #	ORDER 1	ORDER 2	ORDER 3	COST
2	A-039	393	567	452	59.00
3	M-539	239	189	102	41.00
4	A-725	257	200		35.00
5	R-341	775	348	183	53.00
6	M-910	158	358	455	89.90
7	P-394	981	208		47.25
8	M-032	319	186	128	38.75
9	M-333	456	235	185	62.00

 

(a) Type the following data in a spreadsheet program and save it as SHOPPING.              (5 mks)

(b) Calculate the NET ORDER (i.e. the total number of orders for each client).                (3 mks)

(c) Calculate the SUBTOTAL for each client.                                                                      (3 mks)

(d) Sale tax is 6%. Handling cost is $8.00. Write them in appropriate cells in the spreadsheet.(2  Calculate the TAX AND HANDLING charge foe each client.                                            (5 mks)

(Subtotal* sales tax) + handling cost.

(f) Calculate the TOTAL CHARGE for each.                                                                       (5 mks)

(g) Format ALL results from the above calculations as $ and zero decimal places.                       (3 mks)

(h) Show the lowest, highest and average figures for each order.                                        (5 mks)

 

(i) Center, underline the name of the company at the top of the spreadsheet.                     (2 mks)

(j) Save the spreadsheet as ORDERS 1.                                                                                (1 mk)

(k) Change the sales tax to 7% handling charges to $9.50 and the cost for client # M-910 to $45.78.

(l) Delete the record of client # P-394.                                                                                  (2 mks)

(m) Sort the records so that the client numbers appear in descending order.                                  (3 mks)

(n) Save as ORDERS 2.                                                                                                          (1 mk)

(o) To the right of $9.95, enter the alternative handling charge as $11.95.                          (1 mk)

(p) Using ORDERS 2 to analyze the sales of order 1 only, delete the columns for ORDERS2, ORDERS   S3 and the NET ORDER. Recalculate the SUB-TOTAL for each client.  (5 mks)

(q) Using ORDERS 2. If  a customer buys 319 items or less, the handling charge will be $ 9.95. If the     order is 320 or more then the handling will be $ 11.95.

Recalculate the TAX and the HANDLING charge for each customer where TAX AND HANDLING       = (Subtotal* sales tax) + handling cost.

Enter the new formula in the TAX AND HANDLING column.                                      (3 mks)

 

(r) Make a bar graph in a new sheet called COMPARISON which shows the total charge for each  client.     The graph should also reflect how much of this is tax and handling and show how much is subtotal.

(2 mks)

(s) Save it and print all the files.                                                                                           (2 mks)

 

 

*TZM*

QUESTION ONE       (50 MARKS)

A), using an appropriate word processing, type the following passage and save it in

diskette as DATA SECURITY                                                                                              (l0marks)

 

Data security and control

External threats

1.      Fire, floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters. These are the potential

threats hut are not the most common external problems,

1. Theft of equipment-theft of pc’s laser printers and even memorychjps after a

Break into a building are very common,

      iii.       Espionage (intelligence)-information in the wrong hands can do a lot of

damage. Example access to a payroll or accounting information is restricted so

Such information should be shielded away from external and internal spies.

Internal threats

Internal threat would include

1. Hacking
2. Fraud

• Hardware failure

1. Corruption of databases

Viruses load and run without the user requesting them to run; and cause considerable damage e.g.

1. Modifying other program
2. Hiding inside other programs with an aim of spreading to other mashine

iii.       Destroying data and programs.

It is a computer code which usually designed to carry out two tasks:

1. To replicate itself from one computer system to another.
2. To locate itself within a computer system in such a way as to make it possible

for it to amend or destroy programs and data files, by interfering with the normal processes of the operating, system.

 

 Questions

1. i) Copy the original document (data security) to the next page (2marks)
2. ii) Format the headings as follows: (6marks)

	Font size	Font type	underline	bold
Data security and control	14	Times new Roman	Yes	Yes
External threats	14	Monotype corsiva	None	Yes
Internal threats	14	Default	Yes	No

iii) Change the numbering to bullets; as follows:                                                                  (2 marks)

Headings	bullet
i.                  External threats ii.               internal	>
	·

 

1. iv) Strike through the word internal threats                                                                               (2marks)

C). i) Insert the ANY clipart at the bottom center of the document.                                   (3marks)

ii).Create word art as indicated by the symbol.                                                                        (2marks)

iii) Using auto shape, design a logo as indicated by the symbol.                                (2marks)

 

 

SECURITY

 

 

1. D) Save the document as SECURITY                                                                            (2marks)

E)i. Copy the original document (data security) to the next page                                         (2marks)

1. Drop cap the first letter of the document (D) to cover two lines                         (1mark)

iii. Spell check the whole document.                                                                                              (2marks)

1. Double space and italics the first paragraph                          (3marks)
2. Insert a header “computer threat” to appear in every page             (2marks)
3. Number the pages using the format 1, 2, 3…..
4. F) Save the document as COMPUTER THREAT             (2marks)
5. G) Print the document
6. Data security                                                                                                            (1mark)
7. Security                                                                                                                    (1mark)

iii.       Computer threat                                                                                                                (1mark)

 

QUESTION TWO   (50 marks)

The following is a worksheet extracted from business Join venders.. They have come together to do a business of selling computer accessories.

Names	Cost	Sales	Gross profit	Expenditure	Reserves	Net profit	Remarks
Benson	700	350		450
Betwel	400	700		50
Kimwat	200	900		200
Amos	300	1000		300
Tembur	100	500		100
Korir	400	600		40
Towett	600	850		55
Maritim	500	350		70
Kerich	200	350		45
Bency	500	1000		40
Danson	600	900		170
Kones	900	1000		20
Koech	100	800		130

Additional Information.

1. a) Gross profit = Sales-Cost
2. b) Net profit = gross profit – (expenditure+ reserves)
3. c) Reserves = 10% gross profit
4. d) Remarks are: “very good vendor”, “good vendor”, “domain vendor”,” burden

vendor”. “Quite vendor”.

 

REQUIREMENT

(i)        Create the workbook and enter the details, save as vendor.ex                         (15marks)

(ii)       a) Keep the title of the workbook to be JOIN VENDORS and format it to be bold, font size

14 and a align at 20°                                                                                      (4marks)

1. b) Format the figures in sale column to 2 decimal places                       (2marks)
2. c) Insert two rows between Tembur and Korir and enter the records below: (5marks)

–    Name Bii, cost 100, sales 500 and expenditure 10.

–    Name Mutai, cost 800, sales 2000 and expenditure 80.

(iii)      Use sum function to calculate gross profit for each member                                               (3marks)

(iv)      Use product function to calculate reserves for each member                                    (3marks)

(v)       Use “IF function” and net profit to analyses the vendors, taking the following remarks:                       (6marks)

1. a) If net profit >=500, then “very good vendor”
2. b) If net profit > 400,  then ” good vendor”
3. c) If net profit <=300, then” domain vendor”

(vi)      a) Use names of the vendor and cost to insert a line graph, keep the title of the graph to be PRODUCTIVE ANALYSIS, format it and place it in a separate sheet.          (5marks)

1. b) Save the changes as productive analysis (2marks)
2. c) Print the “Join vendor” and “productive analysis” including gridlines 4marks)

QUESTION 3 (50 MARKS)

3. You have been asked by the school administration to design school advert to inform school members about form four farewell party. Your advert should look like the design below.

 

 

Answers

paper one

*NYR*

1. Identify programming language used in the following generations:-             *NYR*

             (i) First generations – machine language

            (ii) Second generation – assembly language

2. Give importance of having the following in computer laboratory:-             *NYR*

             (i) Standard furniture in the laboratory

• To avoid poor posture during machine use this may lead to strain injury and limb fatigue

            (ii) Antiglare screen/monitor

• To avoid eye strain and fatigue caused by over bright cathode ray tube monitors (CRT)

            (iii) UPS

• Temporarily supply to the computer to allow the user to save the work (power backup)
• Stabilizes power (clean unstable power supplied from the main source to clean stable voltage)

3. 3. (a) Explain the following terms as used in booting:-

            (i) BIOS:- it’s the basic input output system. it’s special firmware program that Post to

                              take place

            (ii) POST:- Power on self test. It checks on existing drives, basic input/output devices and

                                communicates in case  of  a problem.

            (b) Differentiate between:-                                                                                      

             (i) Backspace and delete keys on the keyboard

• Backspace and delete keys on the keyboard – erases character from the right while delete keys key erases from the left of the cursor.

            (ii) Insert and type over mode

• Insert and type over mode- in the insert mode when the text is inserted between words or character it pushes the existing text away without replacing it while in the type over mode when text is type between words or characters the new text automatically replaces the existing text by de letting it.

4. Explain the functions of the following central processing unit components

            (i) ALU

• To carry out all the arithmetic and logical operations (i.e mathematic computations and comparison of values)

            (ii) Control unit

• Coordinating all processing activities in the CPU as well as input,storage and output operations.

            (iii) Primary memory

• Provides storage location for data and instructions accessed by the control unit

5. (a) Differentiate between static RAM and Dynamic RAM

• Static RAM is a very fast memory and holds its contents as long as there is power
• Dynamic RAM holds the contents for a short while even if when the power is on.

            (b) Distinguish between compilers and interpreters                      

• Compilers – translates the entire source program into object code.
• Interpreters- translates the source code line by line

6. (a) List two softcopy output devices             Speakers

• Monitors

(b) Distinguish between impact and non-impact printers citing one example in each    *NYR*

• Impact printers – these printers print using striking mechanism i.e they strike the paper

       in order to form an imprint on it. e.g dot matrix, daisy wheel, drum, chain and golf ball

• Non impact printer :- they print using ink, thermal or laser mechanisms e.g laser, thermal,,ink jet, electrstatic

7. State two merits of using the following input devices:

            (i) Speech recognition

• NO keyboard is necessary
• Useful in instruction where hand/eyes are too busy handling documents
• Can be used in remote locations via the phone.

             (ii) Touch screen

• Faster in data entr.
• Can be used with non-computer literates.
• It’s applicable to people with disabilities.

8. Differentiate between freeware and open source as end-user –license softwares.

Freeware- software whose source code hidden from the users. Modifications only made by the manufacturer

• Open source software whose source code is free made to the users. The users are encouraged to use ,modify and distribute the product.

9. (a) List four types of system software

                 Operating Systems

• Utility Software
• Networking Software.

            (b) Explain the following functions of the operating system:-                                           *NYR*

            (i) Job scheduling:- the OS prepares, schedules, controls and monitors task submitted for

execution, to unsure the most efficient processing.

            (ii) Interrupt handling:- the processor stops executing the current process to attend to a break    from the normal sequential processing of instruction in program.

10. Explain the following disk management tools:-

            (i) Disk formatting

• It prepares a new disk for use by imprinting empty sectors and tracks on the surface of the disk so that the OS can recognize and make it accessible.

            (ii) Disk defragmentation

• Arranging scattered files or folders on folders on a storage media for easy access of files and

      folders.

11. Differentiate between the following terms as applied in operating system:-             *NYR*

            (i) Multi-user – OS allow more than one user to interactively use a computer.

            (ii) Multi-tasking- when the OS allows the CPU to executes more than  one

                                             application program at the same time

12. Explain the following terms as applied in word processor             *NYR*

            (i) Text wrap:- this feature allows a text to surround an object inserted

            (ii) Word wrap:- the cursor move automatically to the next line after reaching the end

                                     of the line.

13. (a) Distinguish between first line and hanging indentation                         *NYR*

• First line indent – the first line is indent while other are left along the margin
• Hanging indent- the whole paragraph is indent except the first line

(b) differentiate between auto complete and auto correct features.

• Auto complete feature displays a word when the user types the first few characters of the word
• While autocorrect feature automatically detects wrongly spelt or capitalized words and replaces them with the correct word

14. (a) Differentiate between the following combinations of terms:-             *NYR*

            (i) Filtering and sorting:-

• Filtering:- This is displaying entities that meet a certain ser criteria
• Sorting:- This is arranging data in predefined order i.e ascending or descending

            (ii) Relative and absolute cell referencing

• Relative reference – cell references keeps on changing  automatically depending on their position in the worksheet. e.g when formula= B2 + C2 in cell D2  is copied to D3 it automatically changes  to B2 + B3
• Absolute reference – the copied formula in different cells does not adjust references. Its identified by adding a dollar sign before the parts of cell that do not change.

15. Identify the elements of a function             *NYR*

            Equal sign (=) function name and arguments

16. A class teacher of form 3E in Nzambani secondary school requested a programmer to design a ple program that would help do the following:-                         *NYR*

             (a) Enter the names of students and marks obtained in 8 subjects; maths, English, Kiswahili, Biology, Chemistry, Business Studies, History and Computer Studies.

             (b) After entering each subject mark the program should calculate for each student

             (c) Depending on the average mark obtained, the program should assign the grades as

Between 80 and 100 = A

Between 70 and 79 = B

Between 60 and 69 = C

Between 50 and 59 = D

Below 50 = E

            (d) The program should display each students name, total marks and the average grade. Using low chart, show the design of the program

17. (a) Define the following terms in reference to the internet:-   

            (i) Protocol:- set of rules that govern transmission of data or information over a net work

            (ii) Website:- it’s collection of related web pages where individual or organization

                  documents    are placed for easy access by external world by using their address.

(iii) Search engine:- it’s a program that searches documents for specific keywords and returns a    list of the documents where the keywords were found.

            (iv) Spam mail:- its; a feature in e-mail which inhibits receiving mails from unknown

                    sources.

            (b)List three examples of search engines                                                                           

• Google
• Yahoo
• Hotmail
• Gmail

            (c) Identify the functions of the following devices in data communication:-                   *NYR*

(i) Modem:- it’s a special digital to analog interface card that changes data from digital to analog so as to be transmitted  on telephone lines and  on the receiving end the data is changed from analog to digital for computer to understand.

             (ii) Network interface card:- it’s a circuit board that fits inside an expansion  slot of a

               workstation and acts as a physical between the computer and the transmission media.

             (iii) Brouter: collection of routers in network.

             (d) Describe bounded and unbounded forms of communication giving two examples

    in each case                                                                                                            *NYR*

Bounded media – it is physical connection of communication devices mainly by use of cables e.g coaxial cables twisted pair , two wire cables and fibre optic cbale.                                                                 

            (e) Outline four advantages of using fibre optic cables                                              

• Low attention
• High bandwith
• Immune to electromagnetic interference
• Very secure because they are untappable.

18. (a) Define the following terms as used in data representation             *NYR*

           (i) Amplitude:- the maximum value a wave can attain

             (ii) Frequency:- the number of cycles made by a wave in one second

            (iii) Nibble:- half abyte (4 bits)

            (iv) Byte:- a group of 8 bits

            (b) Perform the following 11111.1111₂ + 100001.1010₂ – 1111.00111₂                                                *NYR*

                                       11111.1111

                                     + 10001.1010

                           Answer 110001.1001

                                                 -1111.0011

                       Answer = 100010.01011₂

           (c)Using two’s complement subtract 73from 115 and convert the answer to decimal notation*NYR*

            115 – 73 = 115 + (-73)

           Convert 115 to binary = 1110011₂

Convert 73 to binary = 1001001₂

Convert 73 to8-bits = 1001001₂

Convert the 8-bit above to ones complement = 10110110

Convert to two complement by adding 1 to ones complement above = 1100111101₂

Answer = 110011101₂

           (d) Identify the duties of the following ICT specialists                                                        *NYR*

           (i)Software engineer

• Developing system and application software.
• Developing user and technical documentation for a new software.
• Maintain and update the software to meet day to day requirements

           (ii) System analyst

• Design new and recommend change to existing one.
• Co-ordinate training for users of a new system.
• Repair system specifications
• Co-ordinate the implementation of the new system
• Prepare instruction manual

            (e) List two types of opportunities available in the field of computer hardware               *NYR*

• Computer technicians
• Computer engineers

19. (a) Describe the following computer files

            (i) Logical and physical files

               Logical files:- It’s viewed in terms of what data items it contains and detail of what

                   processing      operation may be performed.

  Physical files:- its viewed on how data is stored on a storage media.

            (ii) Master and backup files

Master  file – contains relatively  permanent record about particular items or entities and

  backup   files

Backup files- it holds copies of others existing files.

            (b) Explain the following computational errors                                                                             (i) truncation:- it occurs as a result of having a real  numbers that have long fractional

                 part can  not fit in the allocated memory space

            (ii) Overflow:- occurs as a result of having too long answer after  calculation that can not

                  fit in    the    allocated memory space

            (iii) Rounding errors:- Results from raising or lowering a digit in a real number to the

                  required rounded number

            (c) Define data integrity and state three ways of minimizing threats to data integrity

• Data entry- it’s the accuracy and competences of data entered in a computer or

                  received from an information system

Ways of minimizing data threats are

• backing up data
• using devices that capture data directly from the source
• designing user interfaces that minimizes invalid data reality
• using error detection and application areas of virtual reality

            (d) Define virtual reality and state three ways of minimizing threats to data integrity         

Virtual reality – a condition in which a person becomes psychologically immersed in artificial environment generated by a computer system.

Areas of application

• Aircrafts
• Military training
• Simulation
• Design evaluation
• Education

            (e) Discus how computers are used in reservation systems                                                           

• Hotels booking – booking of rooms online
• Airline booking – clients can book for a seat online

20. (a) Explain the main activity carried out in each of the following system

development stages                                                                                                   

            (i) Problem recognition :– identifying whether a problem exists.

            (ii) Coding: – writing a program using a programming language.

           (iii) Implementation: – file conversion, staff training and changeover strategies

            (b) Explain the following changeover methods:-                                                              *

          (i) Direct:- the old system is discarded and the new system starts immediately.

          (ii) Parallel:- both old and new systems are run parallel to each other for some time

               till the users  have confident with the new system then the old system is phased out.

          (iii) Phased:-the new system is implemented in phases or stages.

         (c) Explain two advantages of modular programming                                                         

• Easy to debug
• Easy to develop
• Its flexible
• Easy to read and modify

         (d) Explain how the use ICT may affect the society                                                              

• Environment pollution due to poor dispose of computer parts
• Cultural effects
• Affecting user’s health
• Effects on employment
• Automated production

         (e) Explain the four main areas of artificial intelligence                                                    

• Expert systems- soft that stores then knowledge of human experts and then used as consultant in a particular filed.
• Natural language processor – ability of a computer to understand human language and translate it to instruction upon which the computer can understand.
• Voice recognition-systems that allow voice input a microphone.
• Voice synthesis – machine able to create human voice or talk.
• Computer vision – computers to be able to process and interpret light waves like human being.
• Robotics – it’s a computer controlled device that emulate beings in carrying o ut tasks.

*KKC*

 

1. – ROM (read Only Memory) it is used to store  programmed instruction and a data permanently or semi permanently.

• Data and instruction stored in Rom are those require to remain uncharged for long period of time
• RAM (Random Access Memory) its content can be read directly regardless of the sequence in which it is stored.
• Its contents is held temporarily and it content lost is lost once the computer is turned off.

 

Place Value	83(512)	82(64)	81(8)	80(1)
Octal digit	1	1	1	1

 

 

 

 

 

2.a)   Working out

     N₁₀  =(1X8³) + (1X8²) +(1X8¹)+ (1X8⁰)

             =512 + 64+8+1

      N₁₀ = 585

     \ 1111₈ =585₁₀

 

2	2	.	2-1	2-2	2-3
1	1	.	0	1	1
2	1	.	0	0.25	0.25

1. b) Solution

     Weight 

     Binary

     digit value

      in bare 10

 

 

Integral part                                                               Fraction part

(2¹X1) + (1X1⁰) =                                                       0.50 X0 =  0.000

2.000+ 1.000                                                               0.25 X 1=  0.250

=3.000₁₀                                                                      0.125X1= + 0.125

                                                                                                                    0.375₁₀

3.000₁₀+ 0.375₁₀ =3.375

Thus 11.011₂ = 3.375₁₀

 

3. i) Cracking refers to the use of guesswork over and over again by a person until he/she finally discovers a weakness in the security policies or codes of a software.
4. ii) Hacking is breaking codes and password to gain unauthorized entry to computer system data and information files.
5. b) – Data not to be transferred to other coutities without the owners permission

• Data and information should be kept secure against loss and exposure.
• Data and information should be accurate and up to date
• Data informatuor be collected used and kept for specified lawful purposes

 

4. – Job scheduling can only handle one task at a time therefore, the operating system has to determine which task will be processed first and makes sure that the one that is currently being processed closely monitored to avoid wasting time in the processor.

–          Job sequence – the operating sys tem keeps a list  of jobs or tasks currently being run and clocks them in   and out of processor.

5.–    Avoid smoking or exposing computer to dust.

• Avoid carrying food and beverage to computer soon
• Avoid unnecessary movements because you Mary accidentally knock down peripheral devices.
• At all times following the current procedure for starting and shutting down the computer to avoid loss of data damage to computer programs.
• Do not open the metallic covers of computers or peripherals devices without permission and particularly when the computer power is still on.

 

6. a) Web page is the major page containing data i.e Text pictures clips etc while a website is a collection of web pages.
7. b) –    Flat file

• Network
• Hierarchical
• Relational

7. – Computer operator is a person who enters data in a computer and  keeps upto date records of all       information processing activities.

       – Computer technician is a person who troubleshoot computer hardware and software, assemble and   upgrades computer components such as storage device and motherboards.

 

8. Mail Merge is the process of generating letter or documents by combining a main document.

 

9. a) advantage

• Utilizes the powerful like speed, accuracy tot enable the user quickly accomplish tasks.
• Offers a large storage space on computer storage device to save and retrieve document.
• The user produces neat work due to lack of pencil pen work.
• Have better document formatting capabilities.
• Inbuilt formula that enables the user to quickly manipulate data.

1. b) Cell referencing identifies a cell or range of cells on the worksheet and show Ms cells where to look for the values or data needed to use in a formula.

 

10. Graphical based e.g adobe photoshop

     – Coreldraw      

 – Havard graphic                   

 – Layout based.

11. – Data communications media – Optic fiber

• Communication devices e.g hub routers
• Networking software e.g network operating system.

 

12 . – Financial system –payroll, accounting and banking

• Retail system – stock control, electronic point of sale.
• Reservation system
• Education system – computer aided instruction, aided learning.
• E – learning & computer simulation.

 

13 a) CD’S, CD- ROM, CD RW,CD –R

DVD

LS – 120 SUPER DISK

OPTICAL CARD

OPTICAL TAPE

1. b) Magnetic Disk, Floppy disks, Zip disks,  Jaz disks

 

15. a) master file main file that contain permanent records of a particular entry.
16. b) Sequential organization

          Index –sequential  organization.

SECTION  b (60MARKS)

16. a i) While – do structure
17.  ii) Repeat –until
18. b) i) Assembler – translate assembly source program into object code.

             ii)Complier – translate entire source program into object code

             iii)Interpreter – translates source program line –by tine allowing the CPU to execute one line before  translating the next.

1. b) 1. Check the loop used

              The psendocode can use two  looping structure

a .If – then – else

1. Case structure
2. Confirm that loops used can be able to give out the desired results.
3. See that the candidate has used appropriate amount and discount.

 

17. i) employee because it has employee information

     ii)To ensure all records entered  in the related table exists in the primary table.

    iii)Is a unique identity of a record

    iv)Employee number

     v)The data  is not similar

1. b) 1. Input mark
2. validation rule

    3.Required

4. Indexed
5. c) 1. To enhance security of data
6. To share file between department
7. To reduce redundancy
8. To enable updating and deleting of data.
9. In faster searching of data.

 

18. a) i) A – free/hierarchical topology

   B -Ring topology

   C -Mesh topology

 

1. ii) Point 1 and 2

         Terminator

iii) Mesh topology

1. iv) – Modifying the topology

     – Troubleshooting is difficult

     – One device breakdown affects the whole system.

1. v) Identify the device labeled X in topology A – HUB.
2. b) a. Network protocol
3. Network Operating System
4. c) i) Repeaters – A device that receives signals from one send it to another segment.
5. ii) Network hub – A device that connects computer onto network.

  iii) Fiber optic cables – transmission medium that transmits data by using light.

1. iv) Network interface (NIC) – A device  inside the system box for linking them onto transmission

         medium.

19. Feasibility study – is the process of going out of the filed to identify information that is related to an organization.
20. b) Main memory
21. Input/output devices
22. Processor
23. Secondary storage.

 

1. c) i) Truncated – Errors that results from having real numbers that have a long fractional part.
2. ii) Transposition – Errors that result from incorrect reading of source document.

   iii) Transcription – errors that occur during data entry.

1. d) 1. ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange )
2. EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
3. BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
4. e) Online – data processed immediately it is received

    Real time – the incoming data is  processed as soon as it  occurs.

1. f) i) Advantages

It is fast in processing commands as compared to GUI and means driven interface.

Disadvantage.

• It is difficult to the users because they need to memorize command
• Single tasking and can not support more than one task.

20. a) i) – Chatting

               – E-mails

               – Video conferencing

 

1. ii) Links – A text or picture that when chicked causes other web pages to be opened.

             URL – A special internet address made up of organization name and an extension explaining to type   of organization and country.

b)

	A	B	C
1	Crop	Amount	Not Viable
2	Maize	150	Not Viable
3	Bean	300	Not Viable
4	Cashew Nuts	850	Moderate
5	Cabbages	1036	Viable

1. c) i) Triple click

    ii)Hold down ctrl as you drag the mouse pointer.

1. d) i) A window is a rectangular feature where an application is running and bears close, minimize and restore button while orphan is body without heading.
2. ii) Cut and copy command.

       Cut – more or transfer text of file from the original location to another without leaving a copy .

       Copy – duplication of text or files i.e a file retails its original location and appears in another location.

1. e) – To emphasize the beginning letter enlarge on a paragraph.
2. f) i)Expert system – is a system developed and installed in an office using the intelligence of human being.
3. ii) – Hospital

    – Education

    – Other scientific department.

 

*MUM*

1.  State two functions of the SHIFT key as used in a word processor.                                 *

 – Activating from upper case to lower case and vice versa

  – Enable one to type extra characters on the key board like ?, !, & e.t.c.

2. a) How do registers differ from buffers.             *

They store more than one piece of data and they have a bigger memory capacity

            (b) List four examples of registers.                                                                                      *

• Program counter
• Stack pointer
• Instruction register
• Index register

3. Daniel has noticed the following problems in his computer;             *

    (i) It is taking a longer time to start up.

    (ii) It is often hanging

    (iii) Applications are taking long to load.

  (iv)State three possible causes of these problems and how they can be solved.              

• Virus attacks
• Processor over heating
• Small capacity of RAM

4. List three functions of an anti-virus software.            

• Detecting viruses in a computer
• Cleaning computer viruses

5. Differentiate between a virus and a logic bomb.             *

• A virus attacks both the hardware and software while a logic bomb attacks hardware at a specific time it has been programmed to.

6. The cells K3 to K10 of a worksheet contain remarks on students performance such as very good, good, fair and fail depending on the average mark. Write a formula that can be used to count all  students that have the remark “very good”.                                                                       

• Count if (KII, “Very good”)

7. The following information shows the income and expenditure for “Beba yote” matatu for

             five    days.

The  income from Monday to Friday was Ksh.4,000, 9,000,15,000 and 20,000 respectively while expenditure  for some period was Ksh.2000,3000, 7000, 5000 and 6000 respectively.

                                                                                                       

           (b)

1. a) Draw a spreadsheet that would contain the information. Indicate the rows as 1 , 2, 3 and

               4 and        the column as A,B,C                                                                                                     

	A	B	C	D	E	F
		MON	TUE	WED	THUR	FRI
1	Income	4000	9000	15000	20000
2	Expenditure	2000	3000	7000	5000	6000
3

 

1. b) State the expression that would be used to obtain:

                (i) Monday profit.              = B1 – B2                                                                                    (ii) Total income                = Sum (B1 : F1)                                                                    

                (iii) Highest expenditure. = Max (B2 : F2)                                            

8. Describe the following terms:             

            (a) Software suite :-  A group of programmes that are sold together e.g.

                                               MS office which contains MS word, MS excel, MS access e.t.c.

(b) Shareware:- Is copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge but requires users

to make a  monetary contribution in order to continue using it

(c) Groupware:- Online software that allows several people to collaborate on the same

    project

(d) Integrated software:- A software that combines features of different programs as a whole

9. (a) Subtract 0111₂ from 1001₂              

                        1001₂

                                    0111₂

                                      010₂

            (b) Using two’s compliment subtract 7 from 40 and give the answer in decimal notation.

10. Distinguish between uploading and downloading.             *

• Uploading – sending information from a local computer to a remote computer on the internet
• Downloading – transferring information from a remote computer on the internet to a local computer

11. Distinguish between peer-to-peer Networks and client-server networks.             *

• Peer to peer networks are equal in a network while client server networks contain a computer called a server that serves other computers called clients

12. List any two techniques used to implement information systems in various organizations.

• Direct
• Parallel
• Pilot
• Phased

13. Distinguish between a word and word-length as used in data representation.            

• Word is a general term that can mean a single character or a group of characters while a word length is a measure of the NO. of bits in a word.

14. Describe three types of maintenance that can be applied on information systems. *

• Perfective maintenance
• Preventive maintenance
• Adaptive maintenance

15. (a) Study the flowchart extracts below     *

            (b) State the looping structure demonstrated in                                                                  *

            (c) List any four methods of detecting and correcting programming bugs.                     

(d) Draw a flowchart for a program that can be used to add any positive integers that can be keyed into the computer through the keyboard. The program should count the positive numbers entered and should be terminated when a zero is keyed in.                                                      

15. a) Study the flowchart extracts below
16. i) While .. Do
17. ii) Repeat… Until
18. b) State the looping structure demonstrated in

• Debugging utilities
• Dry running
• Using test data
• Using translator programs

1. c) List any four methods of detecting and correcting programming bugs.
2. Below are two table structures of files in a database:

                                           TABLE 1                                                             TABLE 2

Field                                       Data type                    Field                           Data type

Employee number                  Text                             Employee number             Number

Employee Name                     Auto number              Data employed             Date/time

D.O.B                                      Date/time                    Department                Test

Address                                   Test                             Salary                         Currency

            (i) Which of the two tables is likely to be the parent table?                                                             

• table 1

 

(ii) It is advisable to enforce referential integrity when creating a relationship. When

     creating a     relationship, what do you understand by the term referential integrity?

• Is a feature that ensures that a record in a child table exists in a parent table

(iii) The field “employee No” in Table 2 is likely to be the primary key.

        What is a primary key?                                                                                                 

• Is a special index that uniquely identifies a record to avoid duplication of data

1. iv) Which fields in both tables is most appropriate for creating a relationship?

• Employee number

            (v) What will make the relationship between the tables fail to work?                              

• Linking fields have different data types

 (b) In databases, the field properties specify finer details related to the fields and the entries      expected. State four field properties.                                                                                    Caption

• Input mask
• Field size
• Required
• Validation rule
• Validation text

 (c) State three functions of a database.                                                                              

• -Storing records
• Arranging records for easy retrieval
• Updating and modifying records

17. 17. (a) Explain three communication services offered through the internet.            

• Electronic mail
• Internet radio
• Voip (vice oner internet protocol)

            (b) Describe the following internet terms.                                                              

            (i) Browsing:- Moving around and between web pages

           (ii) Web portal:- Website that contains several features like searching, e mail,

               advertisements, e.t.c.

           (iii) Home page:-First page displayed when a browser is started

            (iv) Hyperlink :-Text or graph when clicked links one to another web page or links

 (v) Uniform resource locator:- An address of a web page

 

            (c) The following spreadsheet is relating to a farmer.

	A	B	C
	CROP	Amount
1	Maize	150	Not viable
2	Beans	300
3	Cashew nuts	850	Moderate
4	Cabbages	1036	Moderate

        

 

 

 

 

 

 

  (i) A function = IF (B2< 200, “Not viable”, IF(B2>300,”moderate”, IF(B2> 1000, “VIABLE”))).

           Give the appropriate result returned in cells C2, C3, C4 and C5.                                      

          (d) List any three functions of the control unit.                                                                   

• Executing tasks
• Controlling all devices within the CPU
• Monitoring activities within the CPU

18. (a) List any three differences between an interpreter and a compiler.             *

 

Interpreter	Compiler
translates source program one statement  at a time Translates the program each time it is run hence slower than compiling	translates entire source code all at once translated object code requires more memory space compiled program can be stored in a storage media and run as required hence executes faster than interpreted programs

 

            (b) State four characteristics of Random access memory.                                                 

• is volatile
• contents are user defined
• one can perform both read and write operations
• has high access speed

            (c) Describe the following data security measures                                                                                            

              (i) Log files:- Special computer files that keep a record of computer users and actions they

                   have     done within that particular computer

(ii) Fire walls:- Is  software or hardware that filters information coming from the internet to your computer system

           (iii) Antispyware :- A soft ware that blocks spy ware programs from accessing your

                  computer       system  to collect information

            (iv) Audit trial:- Careful study of an information system to determine weakness in order

                                       to collect them

 

19. (a) What is a transmission media?            

• Channel that transmits data from one point to another. May be physical or non- physical

            (b) List two types of transmission media                                                                            

• Physical e.g. coaxial cable, fibre optic e.t.c.
• Non physical e.g. radio waves, infrared e.t.c.

            (c) Distinguish between a Hub and a switch.                                                                      *

• A hub broadcasts data packets to all computers in a network and the recipient computer

               receives the packet while the others discard it while a switch directs a data packet to its

               intended destination computer 

            (d) With help of a well labeled diagram, describe the fibre optic cable                            *

• Core – is the light transmission element at the centre of the optical fibre
• Buffer – used to shield the core and cladding from damage
• Strengthening material- surrounds the buffer, prevents the fibre cable from being stretched
• Cladding – Acts as a mirror by reflecting light back.

            (e) What are the functions of the following devices on a network?                                               *

           (i) Repeaters  :-  They amplify or regenerate signals that have been affected by attenuation

           (ii) Network interface card :- Is an interface that links a computer to a communication

                channel

           (iii) Router :- Is a network device that connects different networks to enable communication

          (f) Distinguish between physical topology and logical topology as used in Networking               

• Physical topology is the physical layout of computers in a network e.g. star, bus e.t.c. while logical topology is the way computers communicate on the network e.g. oken ring,       Ethernet

 

 

 

*KSM*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

**PAPER TWO

*NYR*

 

The question tested the candidates’ ability to do the following in a database

• award full marks for a created database with three tables bearing all the fields (3×4=12mks)
• (b) Award 1mk for each idenitifed primary key fields in each table (1×3=3mks)
• Award 2mks for each established relationship between the three tables (2×3=6mks)
• Award 3mks for the records in each tacle (3×3=9mks)
• Award 1mk for each identified field in the querry i.e customer Name, Product Description, Quantity, Unit price and calculated field total payable by each customer and 1mk for saving with appropriate name.(1×6=6mks)
• Award 5mks for a clearly generated report (5mks)
• Award 1mk for the printed customers, products, transaction tables designs, querry and the report

 

 

*MUM*

1. a) text typed as indicated (26 mks)

 

b)

• Bolditacing (1 mk)
• Italics (2 mks)
• Justification (2 mks)

 

1. c) i) Columns (6 mks)

 

1. d) i) Double spacing (2 mks)
2. ii) Searching and replacing (2 mks)

iii) saving the document as A: NET 4                                                                       (2 mks)

 

1. e) i) Animated title (2 mks)
2. ii) Landscape orientation (3 mks)

 

1. f) Printing NET 1, NET 3 and NETS (3 mks)

 

2. a) Availability of database with all fields (8 mks)
3. b) Availability of all records (12 mks)
4. c) Addition of data field (3 mks)
5. d) Information entered as indicated (5 mks)
6. e) Start 2 sorted in descending order (6 mks)
7. f) Query indicating items delivered by Shah on 15/5/2001 (8 mks)
8. g) Tabular report (4 mks)
9. h) Print outs: start 1, start 3, query 1 and report 1 (4 mks)

 

*TNW*

 

Index No:____________________				Index No:____________________
Item	Max score	score			Max score	score
Page Setup				A. – database file created	1
Font-Arial	1			– File saved as Business	1
Font size 12 for text	1			B. – Two tables created	1
Left margin 1″	1/2			– 4 Correct fields for table 1	4
Right margin 0.5″	½			– 5 Correct fields for table 1	5
Top 0.5″	½			C. Seller details form
Bottom 0.6″	½			– 4 fields @ 1/2 mk	2
Headings				Vehicle details form
H1				– At least 4 fields @ 1/2mk	2
Bold	1			Forms titles
Centered	1			– Seller details form	1/2
Font size – 20	1			– Vehicle details form	1/2
1st Paragraph				D. Table 1
Two columns	1			– 5 correct records @ 1mk	5
Word art	1			Table 2
Words complete	1			– 10 correct records @ 1mk	10
Word art diagonal	1			E. Query
Two symbols @ 1/2mk	1			4 correct fields @ 1/2mk	2
Subscript	1			– Correct criteria	1
2nd Paragraph				– 6 records @ 1/2mk	3
Complete text	1
Drop cap	1			F. – 10 correct values for new   prices @ 1/2mk	5
In margin	1			Report
3 lines drop	1			G. – 5 fields @ 1/2 mk	2 1/2mks
3rd paragraph				– Correct total amount	1
H2				– saved as report	1/2
Bold and size 14	2			H.  Printing
Italic	1			– Seller details table	1
4 bullets @ 1/2	2			– Vehicle details table	1
Italicized text	1			– Report	1
4th Paragraph				TOTAL
3 columns	1
Clip art	2
Word art	2
Clip art/Word art psn	1
5th paragraph
H3
Bold and size 14	2
Italics	1
Drop cap	1
3 lines drop	1
Bold text	1
Italicized text	1
B. i) Paragraph copied	1
ii).Hanging indent	1
iii).-  Double space	2
– Landscape	2
C. – Name	1/2
– Index	1/2
D. Word count
– Words(376+/- 2)	1
– Characters(With spaces)21,660 +/- 2	1
– Characters(no spaces)1,800 +/- 2	1
E.  – Paginated doc x of y	1
– Top	1/2
– Center	1/2
F.   Doc saved as Bono2	1
G.   Printing Bono2	1
TOTAL

 

WE MUST STRIVE FOR GREAT THINGS IN LIFE

 

one should leave legacy that speaks for years. Paul Hewson was in Nairobi recently. That won’t mean much to you, until I explain that I was referring to Bono, the world – famous lead singer of rock band U2 and campaigner against global poverty. Bono didn’t really make much noise while in Kenya. He attended the ëNation Mediaû  group’s Pan Africa Media Conference, took H₂o, talked to a couple of journalists and left.

 

 

 

H

e didn’t do the other things that visiting celebrities of his stature do when in Africa: adopt a cheetah or a baby hippo, start a school for orphans, shoot the breeze pointlessly with Emilio and Tinga, utter banalties about the girl child. Bono reserves his energy for other things.

Popular Media

Bono is not famous just for being a singer. For the past couple of decades he has been one of the most visible humanitarian activists, using his fame to enlist powerful allies from:

• Government
• Religious institutions
• Philanthropic groups
• Popular media and
• The business world.

He has personally spearheaded the campaign for debt relief for the world’s poorest countries, and has been a vocal champion for Africa. Not everyone agrees with these efforts. Author Paul Theroux savaged Bono, Bob Geldof and other celebrity humanitarians, saying that creating “the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and can be saved only by outside help – not to mention celebrities and charity concerts – is a destructive and misleading conceit.”

 

I happen to agree with that view and have propagated it in writing for many years. I don’t

think Africa’s salvation will come from outsiders,

 

 

 

 

and it certainly won’t come from endless handouts and a crippling dependency culture.

 

 

On Trivia

 

W

hat about you? How big is your life? Are you allowing your time on earth to be frittered away on trivia, or are you going to make a net positive impact on the planet? Are you doing something, anything bigger than yourself? Are you raising

a child to be a better person than you are? Are running a business or conducting a profession that sets a standard in good practice? Or are you content to be a small person imprisoned in a small life?

 

He has personally spearheaded the campaign for debt relief for the world’s poorest countries, and has been a vocal champion for Africa. Not everyone agrees with these efforts. Author Paul Theroux savaged Bono, Bob Geldof and other celebrity humanitarians, saying that creating “the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and can be saved only by outside help – not to mention celebrities and charity concerts – is a destructive and misleading conceit.”

 

*KKC*

Question One.

1. A. (A) Complete typed letter 7mks

Single error                                                                                                                        ½ mk

More than 6 errors                                                                                                   5mks

1. Saving main document

Using correct name                                                                                                          1mk

Using any other name                                                                                             ½ mk

1. Saving data source list

Using  correct name                                                                                                1mk

Using any other  name                                                                                             ½ mk

• Changing the Font Size, address and reference to 14 pts

Changing each address                                                                                             ½ mk

Changing reference                                                                                                  ½ mk

1. iv) Underlying reference                                                                                               ½ mk
2. v) Merging Data source to the main document

• Each filed at the right position.                                                    ½ mk
• Each filed at any other position.    ½ mk

 

1. vi) Print the letters

Each  (1X3)                                                                                                              3mks

B

1. a) –Aligning title to the centre ½ mk

underlining title

1. b) – Adding border to the title   ½ mk
2. c) – Replacing all remain number with bullets

– Not replacing one                                                                                                                            -½ mk

– Not replacing more than 3 (0mks)

1. d) i) Inserting the correct footer 2mks Any other footer                                     1mk
2. ii) Inserting the correct header. 2mks

     Any other header                                                                                                                    1mk

1. e) – Line spacing of 1.5

-Line spacing other than Single

1. f) Inserting word Art “computer” and not placing at the behind of text. 2 mks
2. g) – Replacing “computer” with “PC”     2 mks

– Replacing but not all words “computer”                                                                                          ½ mk

1. h) Moving whole paragraph to end of document.      2 mks
2. i) Font style set to Aerial Black. 3mks
3. j) Saving with correct name other than document N                  ½ mk    Using document N                                                                                                                 0mk
4. k) Printing the document currently 2mks

Printing off page                                                                                                                        ½ mk

 

Question 2

1. Saving the workbook with correct name                                                                  1mk

• Using a different name
• Using default  name  book  n no mark                                                                ½ mk

1. All data entered correctly 20 mks

• Every wrong entry ½ mk
• More than 6 wrong entries -8mks

1. Renaming the sheet to “term  one result”

• Default name sheet, No mark

1. i) Correct totals and formula             2mks
2. ii) Correct averages and formula       2mks

• Manual calculation no mark

1. Correct use  of IF function to attain 3 conditions                                           (1X3) 3mks
2. i) Correct formula and ranking
3. ii) Correct use of the “count IF” function (1X2)2mks
4. – Sorting list of class  position  in ascending order                                                 2mks

– Sorting list by classes position in descending order                                                           1mk

-No sorting, no mark

1. h) i) Copying to new worksheet and renaming the new worksheet       2mks

ii)Filtering the “lower group”

• Display students from “E” class
• Students with average less than 50                                                               4mks
• Filter shows a all students from E class
• Filter shows all students with average less than 50             2mks

1. i) i) – The chart is

• A bar graph
• Show 3 cats
• Shows names of students
• Title is TERM ONE COMPUTER RESULTS             3mks
• Missing a point -½ mk

1. ii) Legend placed at the bottom of chart. 1mk

iii) Saving chart on a new sheet and renaming the sheet graphical analysis.            (½ X2) 1mk

• Saving chart as an object on the worksheet.    ½ mk

1. Printing

i)The lower group from “E” class                                                                                 1mk

ii)The chart                                                                                                                    1mk

iii)Term one results sheet                                                                                             1mk