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FORM 4 BIOLOGY PP1 REVISION EXAMS PLUS ANSWERS IN PDF

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Name…………………………………………………          adm no. ……………class…….

School …………………………………………………                    

231/1

BIOLOGY

PAPER 1

Time:  2 HOURS

KASSU JET EXAMINATION 

231/1

BIOLOGY PAPER 1

Time:  2  HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

  • Answer ALL the questions.
  • Answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.
  • Additional pages must not be inserted.
  • The paper consists of 14 printed pages.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1-29 80

 

  

 

This paper consists of 13 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing

 
  • How does growth as a characteristic of living organisms differ in plants and animals ?

(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. a)State the role of active transport in animal nutrition (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Cyanide lowers the rate of active transport. Explain?(2marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  2. The figure below is a diagram of a vertical section of a mammalian tooth.
A
B
D

(i)  Name the part labelled A and B.                                            (2 marks)

A                                                                                       ………………………………………………………………………………………………

C                           ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State two ways in which structure D is adapted to its functions.                  (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii)            List two ways of preventing gingivitis.                                             (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The figure below shows % saturation of oxygen in blood in fish as water passes along the gill plate.
Distance along the gill plates
% saturation of oxygen
Water
Blood

 

(a) (i) Name the type of blood flow shown in the gill plate.                         (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Explain the advantage of the type of flow named in a (i) above                        (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Statetwo organs in humans which display the type of flow named in a (i) above                                                                                                                                 (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State two ways in which floating leaves of aquatic plants are adapted to gaseous exchange                                                                                                         (2marks)  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The equationbelow shows an oxidation reaction of food substances.

C51H98O6 + 145O2   ——- X CO2   + 98 H2O + energy

  1. a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?  (1mark)

      ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………

  1. b) Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance.  (2marks)

 

 

 

  1. c) Identify the food substances.                                                              (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………

  1. When any one of the growth parameters such as growth in size or weight, increase in number of cells are plotted in a graph against time like below, a clearcurve isobtained

State its name………………………………………………………………………..   (1mark)

  1. The graph below represents the growth in a certain phylum.

 

 

 

How does this differ from growth in humans?                                                 (1mark)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The embryo of a dry, fully developed seed usually passes through a period of rest after ripening period and it cannot germinate even when provided with all favorable conditions. State the significance of this. (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. a) Cowpeas seeds were place in a vacuum flask and left for five days. What is the expected change in composition of gases in the flask on the sixth day?                         (1mark)

 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Biotechnologist works day a night to curb food insecurity using the knowledge of polyploidy in genetics. Explain the economic importance of such practice?             (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Define a backcross? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. The structure belowwasobtainedfrom an animal cell
  2. Whatis the name of the hair like processes and state itsfunction? (2marks)

Name

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Function

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Fromwhich parts of the mammalian body are these structures found? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. State the effect of cigarette smoking to the structure?                     (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. A student was found to have blood group B+
  2. a) What type of antibody is present in his plasma? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Whichantigens are present in thisblood group? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Plants relatively have less waste to excrete than animals. Give two reasons to explain this observation (2marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  2. Statetwomethods by which plants get rid of their waste products (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. To estimate the population size of mosquitoes in Banji village thatcovers an area of 25km2, visiting researchers caught 400 mosquitoes which they marked and released.  After 24 hours, 200 mosquitoes were caught out of which 120 had not been marked.

(a) Suggest the sampling method described above.                    (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What are the disadvantages of this method?                                     (2 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………

 

  1. The table below shows stomatal distribution on leaves A and B and their surface area. Use the information to answer the questions.
  Leaf surface   A  B
Number of

stomata

 

 

 

 Upper leaf

surface

        20    5
Lower leaf

surface

         0    15
Surface area

 

   25 cm2  18cm2

Identify with reasons the habitats of the plant from which the leaves were obtained.

Leaf A:                                                                                                      (2 marks)

Habitat            ……………………………………………..….…………..…………..

Reason                  ……………………..………………….…..….….…..……………….

………………………………………..………………………………

Leaf B:                                                                                                      (2 marks)

Habitat            ………………………………………………………………………………

Reason            ………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name the causative agent of the following diseases (2 marks)

(i)  Trichomoniasis.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Gonorrhea

………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

  1. The diagram below shows a pollen tube as it develops down the style. Use it to answer the questions that follows;

(i)  Name the part labelled G.                                                                  (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State two functions of structure labelled E.                                      (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. (a) Define parthenogenesis?                                                                          (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Name the plant hormone that induces fruit ripening.                               (1 mark)        ………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. A group of Form Three students collected a certain specimen for study as shown below.            Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i)  Name the type of metamorphosis in the above specimen.                                           (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

(ii) Give any two advantages of the above metamorphosis.                          (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. (i) Give two structural features in a leaf that adapts it to absorb Carbon (IV) Oxide.                                                                                                             (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name the cell organelle in which Carbon(IV)oxide combines with water to form a complex organic compound takes place                                            (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis; leaf of a potted plant, which had been kept in the dark overnight was covered with an aluminum foil as shown in the diagram below.  The set up was kept in the sunlight for three hours after which a food test was carried out on the leaf.

(a) Which factor was being investigated in the experiment?                 (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Which food test was carried out?                                                      (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

(c) State the results of the food test.                                                       (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Explain how the following plant adaptations minimizes rate of transpiration (2marks)
  2. a) Sunken stomata

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Thick cuticle

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Explain how drooping of leaves on a hot sunny day is advantageous to a plant (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name two tissues in plants which are thickened with lignin (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The diagram below shows the front view of a male reproductive system.
  2. Give the functions of the structures labelled X and V (2marks)

X

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

V

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. What is the role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in male reproduction? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. 27. Explain why the concentration of insecticides in fish eating birds may be hundreds oftimes greater than its concentration in the water where the fish live(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The diagram below shows a stage in meiosis

State the biological significance of the stage represented on the diagram above (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Howdo the following factors hinder self-pollination in flowering plants? (3marks)
  2. a) Self-sterility

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. b) Heterostyly

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c)Protogyny

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

MARKING SCHEMES.

Name…………………………………………………          adm no. ……………class…….

School …………………………………………………                    

231/1

BIOLOGY

PAPER 1

Time:  2 HOURS

KASSU JET EXAMINATION  

231/1

BIOLOGY PAPER 1

Time:  2  HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

  • Answer ALL the questions.
  • Answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.
  • Additional pages must not be inserted.
  • The paper consists of 14 printed pages.

 

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1-29 80

 

  

 

This paper consists of 13 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing

  1. How does growth as a characteristic of living organisms differ in plants and animals?

(2marks

In plants growthoccurs at meristematic tissues only ;while in animalsgrowthoccurs all over the body ;

  1. a) State the role of active transport in animal nutrition (1mark)

Reabsorbtion of sugars and somesalts in the kidney

Absorption of digestedfoodfrom the alimentary canal into the bloodstream.

Excretion of wasteproductsfrom body cells.

  1. b) Cyanide lowers the rate of active transport. Explain?(2marks)

cyanide is an enzyme inhibitor, it affects the rate of active transport

  1. The figure below is a diagram of a vertical section of a mammalian tooth.

(i)        Name the part labelled A and B.                                            (2 marks)

A  Enamel

B Gum

(ii)       State two ways in which structure D is adapted to its functions.                  (2 marks)

– Containsbloodvesselswhich supplies foodnutrients and oxygen and removecarbon IV oxide and nitrogenouswasteproducts;

                  – Contains nerve endings for sensitivity;

(iii)      List two ways of preventing gingivitis.                                             (2 marks)

– Regular brushing of teeth;

-Proper exercise of the teeth by eating tough fibrous food;

-Eatingfoodsthat are rich in vitamin C

 

  1. The figure below shows % saturation of oxygen in blood in fish as water passes along the gill plate.

 

(a) (i) Name the type of blood flow shown in the gill plate.                         (1mark)

Counter current flow

(ii) Explain the advantage of the type of flow named in a (i) above                        (2marks)

Creates a steep diffusion gradient; that enhances the rate of gaseous exchange across the gill filaments/ increases rate of gaseous exchange; through diffusion (Rej increases rate of gaseous exchange/enhances gaseous exchange alone

(b) Statetwo organs in humans which display the type of flow named in a (i) above                                                            Kidney;  Placenta; Ileum                                                                               (2marks)

(c) State two ways in which floating leaves of aquatic plants are adapted to gaseous exchange                                                                                                         (2marks)

– Stomata found only on upper epidermis to allow efficient gaseous exchange;

            – Presence of large air-spaces/aerechyma tissue to enable floating and storage of air;

            – Lack cuticle to enhance gaseous exchange;

  1. The equationbelow shows an oxidation reaction of food substances.

C51H98O6 + 145O2   ——- X CO2   + 98 H2O + energy

  1. a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?  (1mark)

      Volumetricrelationshipbetween Carbon (IV) oxide produced and oxygenconsumed

 

  1. b) Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance.  (2marks)

R.Q = CO2 produced

                                             O2 used up

R.Q = 102/145

                                 R.Q = 0.7

 

  1. c) Identify the food substances.                                                              (1mark)

Fat/ Lipid

  1. Whenany one of the growth parameters such as growth in size or weight, increase in number of cells are plotted in a graph against time like below, a clearcurve isobtained

State its namesigmoid curve(1mark)

  1. The graph below represents the growth in a certain phylum.

 

 

 

How does this differ from growth in humans?                                                 (1mark)

 

 In humans it’s continuous from time of birth to maturity when it slightly tails off while for

this phylum it’s discontinuous /in intervals with shedding of exoskeleton

 

  1. The embryo of a dry, fully developed seed usually passes through a period of rest after ripening period and it cannot germinate even when provided with all favorable conditions. State the significance of this. (2marks)

Provides the seedswithenough time for dispersal sothatthey can germinate in suitableenvironment

Enables seeds to survive during adverse seeds to survive during adverse environmental conditions

The embryo has time to developuntilfavourable conditions are available

 

  1. a) Cowpeas seeds were place in a vacuum flask and left for five days. What is the expected change in composition of gases in the flask on the sixth day?                         (1mark)

Decrease in oxygen and increase in carbon(1V)oxide

  1. b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mark)

Germinating seeds respire using oxygen and release carbon(IV)oxide

  1. Biotechnologist works day a night to curb food insecurity using the knowledge of polyploidy in genetics. Explain the economic importance of such practice?             (2marks)

Increases yields in plants

Cause early maturity in plants

Enhance resistance to pest, disease and drought

 

  1. b) Define a backcross? (1 mark)

A cross between an offspring with one of its parents

  1. The structure belowwasobtainedfrom an animal cell
  2. Whatis the name of the hair like processes and state itsfunction? (2marks)

Name

Cilia

Function

Propel mucus or a fertilised ovum  

  1. Fromwhich parts of the mammalian body are these structures found? (1mark)

Trachea and oviduct

 

  1. State the effect of cigarette smoking to the structure? (1mark)

Cigarettes contain tar which impairs/inhibit the action of cilia in the respiratory tract leading to cancer.

  1. A student was found to have blood group B+
  2. a) What type of antibody is present in his plasma? (1mark)

a

  1. b) Whichantigens are present in thisbloodgroup? (1mark)

B and Rhesus antigens

  1. Plants relatively have less waste to excrete than animals. Give two reasons to explain this observation (2marks)

Plants reuse some of their waste products;

Plants produce their waste products slowly compared to animals that produce slowly ;

  1. Statetwomethods by which plants get rid of their waste products (2marks)

Diffusion

Transpiration

Guttation

Exudation

Deposition   (anytwo)

  1. To estimate the population size of mosquitoes in Banji village thatcovers an area of 25km2, visiting researchers caught 400 mosquitoes which they marked and released.  After 24 hours, 200 mosquitoes were caught out of which 120 had not been marked.

(a)       Suggest the sampling method described above.                    (1 mark)

Capture recapture method

(b)       What are the disadvantages of this method?                                     (2 marks)

–Some organism may die during the study period;

-The mark may come the out during the study period;owtt

  1. The table below shows stomatal distribution on leaves A and B and their surface area. Use the information to answer the questions.
  Leaf surface   A  B
Number of

stomata

 

 

 

 Upper leaf

surface

        20    5
Lower leaf

surface

         0    15
Surface area

 

   25 cm2  18cm2

Identify with reasons the habitats of the plant from which the leaves were obtained.

Leaf A:                Habitat          Fresh water;         (1 mark)

Reason;        Maximum number of stomata on the upper leaf surface for quick loss of excess water by transpiration;(1 mark)

Leaf B:                Habitat:         Savannah/ Rain forest;         (1 mark)

Reason               :More stomata on loer surface than on the upper to reduce the surface area exposed to excessive loss of water by transpiration

(1 mark)

  1. Name the causative agent of the following diseases (2 marks)

(i)        Trichomoniasis.

Trichomonasvaginalis

(ii)       Gonorrhea

Neisseriagonorrhoea

  1. The diagram below shows a pollen tube as it develops down the style. Use it to answer the questions that follows;

(i)        Name the part labelled G.                                                                  (1 mark)

Pollen tube;

(ii)       State two functions of structure labelled E.                                      (2 marks)

-Fuse with the egg cell nucleus to form zygote

–Fuse with polar nuclei to form a triploidendosperm nucleus;

  1. (a) Define parthenogenesis?                                                                          (1 mark)

A type of asexual reproduction in insects where eggs produced without being fertilized are able to hatch into adult insects;

(b)       Name the plant hormone that induces fruit ripening.                                     (1 mark)Ethylene;

  1. A group of Form Three students collected a certain specimen for study as shown below.            Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i)        Name the type of metamorphosis in the above specimen.                                     (1 mark)

Complete metarmophosis;

(ii)       Give any two advantages of the above metamorphosis.                          (2 marks)

Each stage occupies a different ecological niche; hence there’s no competition for resources e.g food;

  1. (i) Give two structural features in a leaf that adapts it to absorb Carbon (IV) Oxide.     Broad lamina;

            – Many stomata

(ii)       Name the cell organelle in which Carbon(IV)oxide combines with water to form a complex organic compound takes place                                            (1 mark)

  Chloroplast

  1. In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis; leaf of a potted plant, which had been kept in the dark overnight was covered with an aluminum foil as shown in the diagram below.  The set up was kept in the sunlight for three hours after which a food test was carried out on the leaf.

(a)       Which factor was being investigated in the experiment?                 (1 mark)

Light;

(b)       Which food test was carried out?                                                      (1 mark)

Starch test;

(c)       State the results of the food test.                                                       (1 mark)

Starch absent/Iodine retains its brown colour/starch test negative;

  1. Explain how the following plant adaptations minimizes rate of transpiration (2marks)
  2. a) Sunken stomata

Water vapour accumulates in the pits  reducing water vapour diffusion gradient hence reduced transpiration rate;

  1. b) Thick cuticle

Reduces permeability of the leaf to water thus reducing water loss;

  1. Explain how drooping of leaves on a hot sunny day is advantageous to a plant (2marks)

The leaves expose a smaller surface area to the sun thus reducing excessive water;

  1. Name two tissues in plants which are thickened with lignin (2marks)

Parenchyma cells;

Xylem vessels;

  1. The diagram below shows the front view of a male reproductive system.
  2. Give the functions of the structures labelled X and V (2marks)
  3. Provide an alkaline fluid which contains nutrients for the spermatozoa;
  4. Seminiferous tubules which provides a large surface area for production of sperms;
  5. What is the role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in male reproduction? (1mark)

Stimulates the synthesis and maturation of sperms;

  1. 27. Explain why the concentration of insecticides in fish eating birds may be hundreds oftimes greater than its concentration in the water where the fish live(3marks)

Aquatic plants in water absorb the pesticides that drain into water bodies and soaccumulate ,fish consume smallquantitiesevery time the ingest the water thisalsoaccumulates in the fishwith time, as the birds continue feeding the contaminatedfishthey pesticides increase in levels

  1. The diagram below shows a stage in meiosis

State the biological significance of the stage represented on the diagram above(1mark)

The exchange of DNA hence increases genetic variation;

  1. Howdo the following factors hinder self-pollination in flowering plants? (3marks)
  2. a) Self-sterility

It is a condition where pollen grains from the anthers cannot grow on the stigma of the same flower of plant/ are incompatible to stigma of the same plant/flower;

  1. b) Heterostyly

Is a condition of having different arrangements of style and stigma i.e. shorter stamen than pistil;

c)Protogyny

it’s a condition where the female matures an its ready to receive the pollen grains before the male parts mature;

Teachers' Resources

Agriculture f4 exam questions and answers pdf

Leave a comment

Name: ………………………………………….Index No: …………………….

443/2

AGRICULTURE

Paper 2

2 hours

KASSU EXAMINATION 2021

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

AGRICULTURE

PAPER 2

2 HOURS

Instructions to candidates.

  • Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
  • This paper consists of three sections A, B and
  • Answer ALL the questions in section A and B and any two questions in section C.
  • All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
  • Do not remove any pages from the question paper.

 

For Examiner`s use only

 

Section Questions Maximum score Candidates score
A 1-18 30  
B 19-22 20  
C   20  
  20  
Total Score 90  

 

 

 

 

SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

 

  1. Give two uses of the roof of cattle dip tank.                                         (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. State two causes of soft shelled eggs.                                                     (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Give four signs of farrowing in a sow.                                             (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Outline four causes of cannibalism in a flock of layers in the deep system.           (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. State four maintenance practices carried out on a Jack plane.                                (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. State three uses of solar power on the farm.                                             (1½ mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

 

  1. Name four types of layer breeds of chicken.       (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Give the distinguishing characteristics of Essex and Wessex Saddle back breed of pigs.(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Give four symptoms of brucellsis in cows.                                            (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. State four reasons why inbreeding may be useful in livestock production.             (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Give two effects of Tsetse flies on livestock.                                  (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Name two types of rabbit houses.                                    (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. List four types of vaccines used in livestock production.          (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

 

 

  1. Name four types of pests that affect bees.                                  (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Outline three reasons why farmers dehorn cattle.        (11/2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. (a. Differentiate between cropping and harvesting as used in fish production.       (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Name two species of fresh warm water fish.    (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Give four reasons for steaming up dairy cattle.                                      (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. List four post milking practices.    (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION B (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

  1. The diagram below shows the digestive system of a chicken. Study it and answer question that follow.

 

  • . Identify the parts labeled L,M and N above.                                  (2mks)

K………………………………………………………………………………………

L………………………………………………………………………………………

M………………………………………………………………………………………

N……………………………………………………………………………………….

  • . Give the function of the part labeled M that makes it efficient in digesting food. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(C) . Give two characteristics of the part labeled M that make it efficient in digesting food.(1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. Study the illustration below showing an animal suffering from a disease. Study it and answer question that follow.

 

  • . Identify the disease the animal is suffering from.                               (1mk)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b. What causes the disease shown above?                                                        (1mk)

 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c. Give three symptoms shown by a cow suffering from the disease above.             (3mks

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Study the farm structure shown below and answer questions that follow.

 

 

  • . Identify the structure shown above.                                (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) . Name the parts labeled I,J,K and L. above.                                           (2mks)

I…………………………………………………………………………………………………

J………………………………………………………………………………………………….

K…………………………………………………………………………………………………

L………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

(c ) . Give two disadvantages of using the structure above in pasture fields.         (1mk)

 

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The diagram below shows a stir up pump. Study it and answer questions that follow.

 

 

(a. Name the parts labeled A,B,C and D.                                               (2mks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B……………………………………………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b. State two maintenance practices that should be carried out on the equipment illustrate above                                                                                                                                                  (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c. State one disadvantage of using the equipment above in controlling ticks.      (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION C (20 Marks

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided.

 

  1. (a) .Describe Newcastle disease under the following sub headings
  • Causal organism             (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  • Symptoms        (6marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  • Control measures         (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

(b)  State and explain the requirements of a deep litter home in poultry                (10marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. (a) . Describe the procedure of training a calf to take milk from a bucket in artificial calf

Rearing.                                                                      (5marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b). Outline seven factors considered when selecting eggs for incubation.            (7marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

(c ) Describe management practices that would ensure clean milk production in a dairy farm.

(8marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  1. (a). Describe the symptoms of livestock infection in livestock (6marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

  • Explain the rearing of chicks from 1 day old to 8 weeks old.                (14 marks)

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KASSU EXAMINATION 2021

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AGRICULTURE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME:

SECTION A

1 Uses of the roof in a cattle dip;     (1mk)

  • Prevents evaporation of acaricide solution.
  • Prevent particles and dust from dropping into the dip tank.
  • Prevent dilution of acaricide solution by rain water.

2 Causes of soft shelled eggs;(1mk)

  • Lack of calcium
  • Attack by Newcastle disease

3 Four signs of farrowing in pigs                                                         (2mks)

  • Restlessness
  • Frequent urination
  • There is enlargement of the vulva
  • Muscles on each side of the tail slacken
  • There is loss of appetite
  • The udder and the teats become enlarged
  • The sow collects bedding material at one corner to build a nest
  • 24 hours before farrowing there is milk present in the teats.

4  Causes of cannibalism in poultry                                                                  (2mks)

  • Presence of external parasites
  • Overcrowding of birds
  • Bright light
  • Presence of prolapse
  • Mineral deficiency
  • Introduction of new birds in the flock

5Maintenance of a jack plane                                                                                (2mks)

  • Apply oil to prevent rusting
  • Repair broken parts
  • Replace lost bolts and nuts
  • Store properly in a tool rack
  • Sharpening or whetting the blade on an oilstone when necessary.
  • Laying it on its side at the workbench if not in use.
  • Tighten loose nuts and screws
  • Cleaning it after use.

6 Uses of solar power                                                                                               (1 ½ mks)

  • Drying farm produce and other materials
  • For heating water
  • For distillation of clean drinking water
  • For cooking
  • For generating electricity

7 Types of layer breeds of chicken                                                                         (2mks)

  • White leghorn
  • Brown leghorn
  • Black leghorn
  • Ancona
  • Minorcas
  • Exchequer
  • Issa brown

8 Distinguishing characteristics of essex and wessex saddle back

Essex saddle back has all legs are white while for wessex saddle back they are only the fore legs which are white (1mk. Mark it as a whole)

9 Symptoms of brucellosis                                                                                          (2mks)

  • There occurs a spontaneous abortion or pre-mature birth
  • Retained afterbirth /placenta after abortion
  • The cow becomes barren.
  • the bulls have low libido and inflamed testis (orchitis)
  • A yellowish, brown, slimy, odorless discharge from the vulva may occur after abortion.

10  Reasons for inbreeding in livestock.                                                                           (2mks)

  • To increase genetic uniformity in the herd
  • Used to fix the required characteristics in the new-breeds
  • To increase phenotypic uniformity
  • Used to get proven sires
  • Used in animals of high prepotency

11 Effects of Tsetseflies on livestock                                                                                 (1mk)

  • Transmit the disease trypanosomiasis
  • Suck blood causing anaemia
  • Their bites cause damage to the skin
  • Their bites cause wounds which may act as routes for secondary infections by pathogens.
  • They cause irritation.

12 Types of rabbit houses                                                                                                         (1mk)

  • Morantcage
  • Hutch

13  Types of vaccines used in livestock.                                                                                                 (2mks)

  • Live virulent vaccines
  • Live attenuated vaccines
  • Killed or dead vaccines
  • Toxoids

14  Type of pests that affect bees.                                                                                                        (2mks)

  • Ants
  • Wax moth
  • Bee louse
  • Honey badgers

15 Reasons for dehorning cattle.                                                                                                          (2mks)

  • To make animal docile
  • Reduce incidence of animals injuring each other
  • Reduce incidence of animals damaging farm structures
  • Increase feeding, watering and transportation space
  • Add aesthetic value to the animal

16 “Cropping” is the removable of marketable size of fish from the pond while harvesting is the removal of all the fish from the pond.           (1mk. Mark it as a whole)

17Reasons for steaming up.                                                                                                               (2mks)

  • To provide nutrients for maximum foetal growth
  • To help build up energy for parturition
  • To ensures birth of a healthy animal
  • To promote good health of the mother
  • To increase and maintains high milk yield after birth

18Four post – milking practices.                                                                                                    (2mks)

  • Weighing and recording of milk
  • Straining
  • Cooling and storing
  • Cleaning of utensils
  • Washing the palour

 

 

 

SECTION B (20 Marks)

20 (a)  K….Crop                              ( ½ mk)

L…Proventiculous( ½mk)

M.. Gizzard                          ( ½ mk)

N … Ceacum( ½mk)

 

(b) Function of the part labeled K             (1mk)

– Stores food temporarily

– Moistens the food

 

(c ) Characteristics of the part labeled M.          (2mks)

  • Equipped with muscles on each side.
  • Sliding movements of these muscles causes the crushing and grinding of food particles.
  • Presence of grit/sand stones that enable crushing of the food.

20 (a) Milk fever                                                            (1mk)

(b) Low level of calcium in the blood stream of the animal/ Deficiency of calcium in animal that has recently given birth             (1mk)

(c ) Symptoms of the disease are;                                                                   (3mks)

  • Dullness
  • Muscular twitching causing the animal to tremble
  • Staggering as the animal moves
  • Animal falls down and becomes unconscious
  • The animal lies down on its side and the whole body stiffens
  • Body functions such as urination, defecation and milk secretion stops
  • Stomach contents are drawn into the mouth which later cause lung fever when breathing in.
  • Loss of appetite.

21  (a) Barbed wire fence                                                                                         (1mk)

(b)  I……….Standard                                     ( ½mk)

J……….Braces                                          ( ½mk)

K……..King post/Strainer                     ( ½mk)

L ……… Barbs                                          ( ½mk)

 

(c )  – Cannot control / prevent small animals from entering the fields

  • Couses injuries to the animals
  • Plucks wool from the sheep. (2mks)

22 (a)  A ——-Hose pipe/delivery pipe.                                                 ( ½mk)

B——-Trigger control                                                                   ( ½mk)

C——– Lance                                                                  ( ½mk)

D——— Nozle                                                 ( ½mk)

(b) Maintenance practices of the equipment;                      (2mks)

– Wash thoroughly and dry it after use

– Replace or repair worn – out parts

– Unblock blocked nozzles.

– Sieve water to avoid dirt blocking nozzles

– Grease movable parts such as the trigger control valve

– Store it in a clean and dry place

– Tighten any loose parts.

( c ) Disadvantage of using the equipment:                                                                          (1mk)

  • Cannot be operated by one person
  • All the hidden areas of the ticks may not reached by the chemicals after spray.
  • Sprays small number of animals
  • Chemical cannot penetrate to the inner parts of the body incase of wool animals
  • Wastes the chemicals.

SECTION C (40 Marks)

23 (a) Newcastle disease

  • Causal organism is virus.                                                                      (1mk)
  •                        (6mks)
  • The birds have difficulties in breathing. They produce a harsh, grating rasping sound when breathing.
  • The beak remain wide open and neck is strained
  • The birds become dull
  • The birds stand with eyes closed all the time.
  • The birds loose appetite
  • There are nasal discharges which force the birds to shake their heads to clear it.
  • Birds walk with a staggering motion since its nervous system is affected
  • Paralysis of wings and legs may occur
  • Often the birds have their beaks and wings down.
  • Birds produce watery greenish diarrhea
  • Eggs laid have soft shells.
  • Vaccination should be done during the first 6wks

In case of an attack farmers are advised to kill all birds and burn them

Clean and disinfect the house before bringing in new birds.

Quarantine is imposed once there an outbreak.

(1 x 3 = 3mks)

(b) Requirements of a deep litter house in poultry.                                                     (5 X 2 =10 Marks)

–  Site – the area where the house is built should be well drained

– House – the house should be leak – proof, well ventilated and raised 60 – 90 cm from the ground. It should be draught free. The floor should be placed with litter to keep it warm and dry

– Feeders and waterers should be enough and kept clean. They should be placed at various points in the chicken house to avoid over crowding.

– Roosts and perches- these should be provided and be well spaced. They should be movable to avoid accumulation of droppings at certain points, causing dampness.

– Nests – There should be enough laying nests with sufficient space to accommodate the birds laying.

 

24 (a) Procedure of training a calf to drink milk from a bucket.                                                       (5mks)

  • Well measured milk is put in a clean bucket
  • Index finger is inserted into the mouth of the calf.
  • Lower the finger slowly until it is submerged in milk as the calf sucks. This allows the calf to drink milk.
  • The finger is withdrawn slowly as the calf continues to drink from the bucket.
  • The procedure i.e steps(i) – (iv) is repeated until the calf gets to learn how to drink milk from a bucket without any assistance.

(b) Factors considered when selecting eggs for incubation.          (7 x 1 =7mks)

– The fertility of the eggs

– The size of the eggs- they should be medium size. 55 – 60 gms is appropriate and any wight below or above this affect hatchability.

– The smoothness of the shells. Shells shold be smooth

– Shape of the egg- They should be oval shaped eggs.

– The eggs should be free from any cracks in the shells.

– Cleanliness. The eggs should be clean to ensure that the pores are open.

– Abnormalities. The eggs should not have any abnormalities such as bllod spots, meat spots or double yolk.

– Eggs should be fresh that is collected within one week.

– The eggs should be fresh and should not have been stored for more than 8 – 10 days.

 

(c )Procedures that would ensure clean milk production:

  • Milking equipment should be clean
  • Clean milking palour/shed
  • The udder should be cleaned before milking
  • The milkman should be clean and healthy
  • The cows should be tested for mastitis before milking
  • Cows with mastitis be milked last and milk disposed off.
  • The milk should be sieved/ filtered after milking
  • The milk should be stored in a cool dry place/ proper storage.
  • Cow should be healthy/check the cows regularly for milk –borne disease.
  • The milk should be covered after milking.
  • Feeds that can taint milk should be avoided/equipment that can taint milk should be avoided.
  • Milk should be cooled immediately to reduce bacterial multiplication.
  • Clip hair around udder and flank.

1 x 8 = 8marks)

25 (a) Symptoms of liver fluke infestation in livestock.                                                        (6marks)

  • Loss of weight and emaciation
  • Pot-bellied condition due to watery swellings on the body of the affected animals
  • The animal will suffer indigestion
  • Damage to the liver tissues and hemorrhage due to movement of flukes within the liver.
  • Anaemic condition due to sucking of blood.
  • Dullness and the animal appearing depressed.
  • Swollen and painful abdomen.
  • Recumbency precedes death

(b) Rearing of one day old chicks to 8weeks old.                                                                      (14 Marks)

– On arrival supply water mixed with glucose or Ecozine

– Feed chicks on fresh chick mash

– Clean feeders before feeding

– provide adequate feeders and waterers.

– provide adequate feeds and water as per the age.

– vaccinate chicks against gumboro disease and marek after two weeks. Vaccinate against New castle at 3 – 4wks and fowl typhoid at seven weeks. Follow vaccination program.

– Dust the chicks and the brooder with appropriate chemicals to control external parasites.

– Check and adjust brooder temperature accordingly.

– Provide coccidiostat in water/feed to control coccidiosis.

– Dim light be provide to prevent toe pecking

– Introduce roosts to chicks from 6th week.

–  Gradually introduce grower”s mash to the chicks from 7th week.

– Isolate and treat sick chicks.

–  Properly dispose dead chicks

– Control internal parasites by deworming

– Debeaking should be done at 10 days old.

– Provide grit to chicks.

– Keep proper records.

( 14 x 1 = 14 Marks)