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KCSE CRE Past Papers and Answers

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 1996

Give five reasons why reading the Bible is important to Christians. (5mks)
Identify five teachings on the relationship between human beings and the environment from the Genesis stories to creation. (5mks)
State five ways in which the Israelites worshiped god in the wilderness during the exodus. (5mks)
State five Challenges that Prophet Elijah faced in Israel (5mks)
State five teachings of Jesus on sin. (5mks)
Write down five instructions given by Jesus (5mks)
Give five reasons why the transfiguration of Jesus marked an important event in his life. (5mks)
What does the story of rich man and Lazarus teach on the proper use of wealth?

(5mks)

State five ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the early Church. (5mks)
Write down five activities of the Church in Kenya which show that the Holy Spirit is working among Christians. (5mks)
State any five ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect to the Government. (5mks)
State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families (5mks)
State five ways in which people in the traditional Africa marriage. (5mks)
Give five reason why courtship was as important aspect of traditional African marriage. (5mks)
Identify five problems which Dr. Ludwing Crapft experienced when he worked as a missionary in Kenya between 1844 and 1858. (5mks)
State five ways in which the missionaries in Kenya helped to rehabilitate the freed slaves in the nineteenth century. (5mks)
Give five reasons why some missionaries in Kenya condemned the practice of female circumcision. (5mks)
State five factors which hinder Christians in Kenya from helping the needy. (5mks)
Identify five causes of conflicts between parents and children in Kenya today. (5mks)
Give five reasons why Christians in Kenya encouraged young people to seek church weddings.

C.R.E P2 313/2 1996

a) Discuss the circumstances which led to the exile of the Israelites in Babylon

(16mks)

b) Identify factors which cause disunity among Christians today. (9mks)
a) With reference to the stories of the birth and infancy of Jesus, describe the

occasions when the angel of the Lord appeared. (8mks)

(b) What problems did Jesus experience during his ministry? (8mks)

a) Discuss the teachings of Jesus in the parable of the sower. (8mks)
b) How did the early Christians community preserve the teachings of Jesus?

(8mks)

c) Explain different ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible to spread the good news. (8mks)

a) Give reasons why cleansing rituals were performed in traditional African

Communities. (16mks)

b) Explain the factors which promoted harmony in traditional African communities .

a) Explain the factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya

between 1900 and 1914. (11mks)

b) Describe the role of the mission stations in transforming the African community. (14mks)

a) Give reasons why some Christians are opposed to the use of capital

punishment. (8mks)

b) What lessons can Christians learn from the actions of Pilate during the trial of Jesus? (8mks)
c) State ways in which Christians in Kenya help those who have been released from prison. (9mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 NOV. 1997

Identify five responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis stories of creation. (5mks)
List the qualities of Moses shown during his call at Mount Sinai (5mks)
Give any five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah

(3mks)

State five factors which led to the division of the Kingdom of Israel after the death of King Solomon. (5mks)
Write down five teachings of John the Baptists about Jesus Christ. (5mks)
Write down five lessons that Christians can learn about the mission of Jesus from the incident when the teachers of the Law and the Pharisees brought to him a woman who was caught committing adultery. (5mks)
State five Christian’s teachings about the Lord’s Supper. (5mks)
Identity five causes of disunity in the early church (5mks)
Write down five teaching about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of Pentecost.

(5mks)

State five effects of the conversion of Paul on the early Church (5mks)
State the teachings of St Paul in the Resurrection (5mks)
Write down five lessons on the cost of discipleship that Christians can learn from the Uganda martyrs. (5mks)
Identify five traditional African Practices which demonstrates people’s belief in God. (5mks)
Identify five occasions when oaths were administered in traditional African Communities (5mks)
List occasions when the services of a medicine man were required in traditional African communities (5mks)
State five factors which hindered expansion of the Christian missionary work in Kenya in the nineteenth Century. (5mks)
Give five reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the Church (5mks)
Suggest five ways in which the Church in Kenya could help street children. (5mks)
State five ways in which Christians practice social justice. (5mks)
State five advantages of a monogamous marriage. (5 marks)

C.R.E P2 313/2 1997

a) Describe in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel

(12mks)

b) What do Christian learn about God from the call of Prophet Isaiah? (7mks)

c) In what ways do Christians show gratitude to god (6mks)

a) With reference to the parables of Jesus , explain his teachings about the

Kingdom of God.

b) Describe the obstacles that a Christian could encounter in trying to promote social justice in Kenya. (12mks)
a) State the teachings of Saint Paul in 1 Corinthians 13 about love (9mks)
b) Identify ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their live for him. (8mks)
c) Discuss the problems that Church ministers (priests) encounter in their work (8mks)

a) Discuss the measures taken by the traditional African communities to

discourage pregnancy before marriage. (12mks)

b) What factors have contributed to sexual immorality among the youth in Kenya today? (7mks)
c) Suggest ways in which the church can help single parents (6mks)

5 a) Describe the practices in the early church which are observed in the

church in Kenya today? (13mks)

b) Give reasons why early missionaries condemned traditional African music

and dance. (12 mks)

(a) Describe ways in which Christians make use of science and technology to

spread the gospel ( 10 mks)

(b) Explain the religious significance of the environment in traditional African communities ( 7 mks)

Christians Religious Education Paper 1 Nov. 1998

What is meant by the expression “the bible is the word of God”? (5 mks)
State five characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham (5 mks)
State five attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover (5 mks)
From the teachings of Prophet Elijah state five effects of idolatry to the Israelites (5 mks)
State five teachings of Jesus in the Parable of the lost sheep and lost coin (5 mks)
Identify five lessons from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar ( 5 mks)
Write down five teachings about Jesus from the cure of the paralytic ( 5 mks)
Write down five events that took place following Jesus death on the cross

( 5 mks)

Give five qualities of an apostle in the early church ( 5 mks)
State five activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be Considered a true follower of Christ ( 5 mks)
With reference to African traditional communities, state five factor that promote

harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today. ( 5 mks)

Give five reasons why initiation rites were important in African traditional

communities ( 5 mks)

State five ways in which Christians spread the gospel of Jesus Christ today

( 5 mks)

State five reasons why, marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant ( 5 mks)
List five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities ( 5 mks)
Give reasons why taboos are important in traditional African communities

( 5 mks)

Give five reasons why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of

Presenting grievances ( 5 mks)

Identify five reasons why the taking of alcohol as a way of spending leisure time is condemned ( 5 mks)
Give five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage ( 5 mks)
State five reasons why a preacher may be disliked by the society today ( 5 mks)

Christians Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1998

(a) Describe how the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile

( 10 mks)

Why did the Prophets of the Old Testament condemn the way the Israelites worshiped? ( 10 mks)
Give reasons why children should be introduced to the worship of God at an early age ( 5 mks)

(a) Discuss the areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish Religious leaders

which eventually led to his death. ( 16 mks)

(b) Explain the causes of conflict between the young and the old people in the

Church today ( 4 mks)

State the various ways in which Christians resolve misunderstanding between

parents and their children. ( 5 mks)

(a) Relate Saint Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to

Galatians (6: 1-10) ( 8 mks)

Discuss reasons why members of Christians families in Kenya find it difficult to harmoniously live together ( 10 mks)

Explain how the church strengthens family relationships today ( 7 mks)

(a) Describe how wealth was acquired in traditional African communities

(5 mks)

Explain how money economy has undermined the Principles of Christians living (12 mks)
With reference to the proper use of wealth in the Bible, state various ways in which Christians in Kenya utilize their wealth ( 5 mks)

(a) In what ways were the Africans affected by the introduction of Christianity in

Kenya by 1914? (16 mks)

Discuss the government’s contribution towards the evangelization process in

Kenya today (9 mks)

(a) With reference to the story of Perpetua and Felistas, discuss the cost of

discipleship among early Christians in Africa ( 9 mks)

Give reasons why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the church today ( 10 mks)

Explain ways through which women leadership is promoted in the church today ( 5 mks)

Christian Religious Education Paper 1 Nov. 1999

Identify five lessons that Christians learn about the call of Moses ( 5 mks)

Give five activities of King Jeroboam that made the Israelites in the Northern

Kingdom turn away from God ( 5 mks)

State five failures Prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for ( 5 mks)

With reference to Jeremiah chapter 1:4- 19, state Jeremiah’s five responses

to God’s call ( 5 mks)

List five Jewish ceremonies in which Jesus was involved ( 5 mks)

Give five reasons why Jesus was rejected by the people of his home town of

Nazareth ( 5 mks)

Identify five lessons Christians learn from Jesus reply to the Sadducees question on

Resurrection ( 5 mks)

List five teachings of Jesus from the beatitudes ( 5 mks)

State five teachings of Jesus on the cost of discipleship ( 5 mks)

Give five lessons Christians can learn from the incident of Ananias and Sappira in the

Acts of the Apostles ( 5 mks)

Identify five occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African Communities

( 5 mks)

State five rituals marking the birth of child traditional African communities

( 5 mks)

With reference to traditional African communities state five ways in which the

African sought reconciliation with God ( 5 mks)

List five factors that affected traditional African Education system ( 5 mks)

State five ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit have been abused in the church

Today ( 5 mks)

Give five ways in which Christians spread the gospel using the print media ( 5 mks)

State five ways in which Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus command to

love one’s neighbour ( 5 mks)

Identify five problems which have resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today

( 5 mks)

Give reasons why Christians should obey the laws of their country ( 5 mks)

Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/ 2 1999

(a) Describe ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God ( 6 mks)

Identify ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in him

(12 mks)

Give reasons why Christians should trust in God in their daily lives ( 5 mks)

(a) Explain how King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life

( 6 mks)

(b) With reference to the teachings of Jeremiah describe how the Israelites were

encouraged to live in hope during Babylonian exile (10 mks)

( 9 mks)

(a) Using examples from the life and ministry of Jesus show how he tried to

promote social equality ( 12 mks)

(b) How did the disciples react to Jesus use of parables in his teaching? ( 5 mks)

(a) With Reference to the life and ministry of Jesus Identify activities which

show that he is a worker

(b) Give reasons why people work in traditional African Communities ( 5 mks)

( 6 mks)

(a) What are the New testament teachings about children? ( 9 mks)

(b) Give ways in which traditional African communities show respect for the unborn Child ( 6 mks)

( 10 mks)

(a) Describe methods used by the missionaries to win converts among the

Kenyan communities before 1963 ( 16 mks)

(b) What factors have led to increase of Christian denominations in Kenya today

( 9 mks)

Christians Religious Education

Paper 1

Nov. 2000

Give promise that God made to Abraham ( 5 mks)
State five ways in which God reveled himself to the Israelites on Mount Sinai ( 5 mks)
Identify five ways used by the Israelite Kings to bring people back to God ( 5 mks)
Give five ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their Sinfulness he still loved them ( 5 mks)
List five events which took place the night Jesus was born ( 5 mks)
State five ways in which John the Baptist prepared the way for the

Messiah ( 5 mks)

Give five lessons Christians learn about the nature of Jesus from the incident

When he cast out a demon from a man in a synagogue at Capernaum ( 5 mks)

What five lessons can a Christian learn from the parable of the prodigal son?

( 5 mks)

Name five characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ ( 5 mks)
Give five reasons why Christians should live in a community ( 5 mks)
List five missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890

and 1904 ( 5 mks)

State five factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christians Church in

Kenya ( 5 mks)

State five factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian church in

Kenya ( 5 mks)

State five factors which ed to the coming of missionaries to Kenya ( 5 mks)
State five problems that hinder effective church influence in the social life of the

community ( 5 mks)

Identify five African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today. (5 marks)
Write down five ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time. (5mks)
State five ways in which the church can promote self employment in modern society. (5mks)
What roles can Christians play in the national election? ( 5marks)
Identify five ways in which a Christian can show respect for life today. ( 5marks)

Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2000

a) Give reasons why the Northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed before the

Southern kingdom of Judah. (12mks)

b) Describe the problems faced by Prophet Elijah in Israel. ( 7marks)
c) Explain how church leaders are put to test today. (6 marks)

a) With reference to the story of the woman caught in adultery, explain the

teachings of Jesus on forgiveness. (10 marks)

b) What is the New Testament teaching on the Jewish attitude towards sin? (8 marks)
c) State the actions the church members would take in handling cases of

dishonesty. (7 marks)

a) Describe the conversion of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in the

Acts of the Apostles. (12marks)

b) Identify the problems faced by the early church before the conversion of Paul

the Apostle.

c) Give reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity. (7marks)

a) Give reasons why Christians condemn idleness (10marks)
b) Explain factors that have led to unemployment in Kenya(8marks)
c) Outline steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem

of employment.

a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African communities (8marks)
b) Why was polygamy common in traditional African communities. ( 8marks)
c) State the role of parents in a traditional African family (9marks)

a) Identify the steps the church is taking in assisting orphans. (10 marks)
b) Explain the factors that prevent effective church co –operation in Kenya. (10marks)
c) In what did the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries promote the spread of the gospel? (5marks)

Christian Religious Education paper 1 Nov. 2001

State five versions of the Bible used by the churches in Kenya today (5marks)
State five characteristics of God revealed to Moses during the renewal of the Sinai Covenant. (5mks)
State five reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king in Israel. (5mks)
Give five problems prophet Jeremiah encountered before the Babylonian

Exile (5marks)

State five actions that took place during the presentation of Jesus in the temple (5marks)
Identify five teachings of Jesus about john the Baptist. (5mks)
State five lessons Christians learn from the miracle of the raising of jairus’daughter. (5mks)
Give five reasons why the disciples did not believe that Christians were persecuted. (5mks)
Write down five ways through which the early Christians were persecuted. ( 5mks)
List five spiritual gifts given to the church according to Saint Paul.
List five way which the missionaries used to increase African participant in the

Church in Kenya between 1844 and 1914. (5mks)

State five ways which the missionaries used to increase African participation in the church in Kenya between 1940 and 1960. ( 5mks)
State five reasons why the observance of the blood kinship is important in African traditional African societies. (5mks)
Give five reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African Societies.
State five beliefs about the nature of God in traditional African communities.

(5mks)

State five ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world in traditional African societies.
Give five reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit. (5mks)
Identify five effects of irresponsible sexual behaviour in Kenya today. (5mks)
State five ways through which Christians show love to famine sticken people (5mks)
Identify five ways through which a Christians can help reduce the practice of corruption Kenya. (5mks)

Christian Religious Education paper 2 313 / 2 2001

a) What were the promises of God to David through prophet Nathan? (8mks)
b) State the factors that led to failure of David’ successor. (7mks)
c) What are the factors that prevent political leaders form performing their duties

efficiently in Kenya today? (10mks)

a) Describe the problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian

exile. (8mks)

b) Explain the conditions of restoration of the Israelites as preached by prophet Ezekiel. (10mks)
c) How harmony between the church and the state promoted by Christians in Kenya today? (7mks)

a) With reference to the life and ministry of Jesus how he

fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah. (12mks)

b) Explain ways through which the power of God was seen in the early

church. (8mks)

a) Give reasons why Jesus referred to the Pharisees as hypocites. (12mks)
b) What do Christians learn from the parable of the wheat and rares? (8mks)
c) Describe the duties given to the apostle by Jesus. (5mks)

a) Explain the activities carried out in traditional African communities?

(6mks)

b) State ways through which the youth are traditional African communities? (7mks)
c) What is the role of a grandfather in traditional African communities?(6mks)

a) Describe the methods used by the early missionaries to improve the living

standards of the Africans in Kenya. (7 mks)

Give reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity. (10mks)
Explain ways through which a Christian can serve God.

Christian religious Education

Paper 1

Nov 2002

State five actions from the life of Abraham which showed that he had faith in God. (5mks)
List five values which a Christian can learn from the call of Moses (5mks)
State five duties of Samuel as a prophet of God (5mks)
Give five expectations that the jews had concerning the Messiah (5mks)
List five miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature. (5mks)
State five lessons Christians learn from the parable of the wheat and tares(5mks)
State five actions of Jesus which show that he loved the needy. (5mks)
Give five reasons why Christians in the early church prayed. (5mks)
State five ways in Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.(5mks)
State five reasons why the resurrection of Jesus is important to Christians.(5mks)
State five reasons why Christians in the early church prayed.
Give five reasons why oaths were administered in traditional Africa Communities (5mks)
List five occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African

communities (5mks)

State five factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry. (5mks)
Identify five problems that Christian missionaries face today (5 mks)
Give five reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church (5mks)
Give five ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family (5mks)
State five reasons why a Christian are opposed to deforestation (5mks)
Give five reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform

Process in Kenya. (5mks)

Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2002

a) From the Genesis stories of the fall of human beings, explain the results of

sin. (14mks)

With reference to the incident of naboth’ vineyard, state how King Ahab

failed to keep the covenant laws. (5mks)

Give reasons why Christians should practice forgiveness. (6mks)

a) Outline the conditions giving by God to the Israelites during the renewal of

the Sinai covenant laws. (10mks)

b) Explain the significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciples.(8mks)
c) State ways in which Christians show respect to God. (7mks)

a) Explain how John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah. (12mks)
b) What lessons do Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus? (8mks)
c) Why are Christians baptized today? (5mks)

a) Describe the factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the Apostolic Age. (12mks)
b) In what ways the celebration of the Lord’s Supper misused in the church at

Corinth? (5mks)

c) Give reasons why Christians take part in the Holy Communion. (8mks)

a) Give reasons why there was singing during the initiation ceremonies in

traditional African communities. (12mks)

b) How were the initiates prepared for adult life in traditional African

communities? (7 mks)

c) Why do some traditional African communities practice ignition rites today. (6mks)
a) Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya today. (12mks)
b) State ways in which sex is abused in Kenya. (6mks)
c) Describe the problems faced by a family living with a member who is living

with Acquired immune Defienciency syndrome.(AIDS) (7mks)

Christian Religious Education.

Paper 1

Nov. 2003

Last five animals used in the making of the covenant between God and Abraham

(5mks)

State five ways in which God’s power is demonstrated in the deliverance of the Israelites form Egypt to the Promised Land.
List five types of leaders whom god gave his power to in the Old Testament.(5mks)
State five titles given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah.
State five similarities in the announcement of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
Identify five occasions in the life of Jesus when he was tempted (5mks)
List five lessons Christians learn about Jesus from the miracles of healing. (5mks)
List five parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God. (5mks)
State five works of the Holy Spirit in the early church. (5mks)
State five leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost. (5mks)
List five practices of the early Christian community. (5mks)
State five traditional African customs that were condemned by the early Christian missionaries in Kenya. (5mks)
Write down five teachings about God from the traditional African myths of creation.
Identify five occasions when sacrifices are made in Traditional

African communities. (5mks)

State five roles of elders in traditional African communities. (5mks)
Give five reasons why children are important in traditional African community

(5mks)

Give five Christian teachings on human sexuality (5mks)
Identify ways in which Christians can overcome the temptation to drug abuse.(5mks)
Give five reasons why Christians take up insurance policies. (5mks)
State five ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect for the state. (5mks)

Christian Religious Education paper 2 313/2 2003

a) State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in Genesis chapter 1

and 2. (6mks)

b) Outline the lesions Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories of

creation. (12mks)

c) How can Christians care for God‘s creation today? (7mks)

a) With reference to the Old Testament, outline the characteristics of a true

prophet. (7mks)

b) Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned (12mks)
c) How should a Christian respond when offered a bribe? (6mks)

a) Relate the story of the feeding of the five thousand in Mark 6:30-44 (9mks)
b) How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers? (10mks)
c) Give reasons why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ. (6mks)
a) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teachings

of Jesus on responsibility to others. (10mks)

b) How did the believers in the early church take care of the needy? (8mks)
c) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya (7mks)
a) Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African

communities. (12mks)

b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya (8mks)
c) What is the role of a midwife in traditional African communities? (5mks)

a) Explain the effects of the translation of the Bible into African languages in

Kenya. (14mks)

b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship. (6mks)
c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering? (5mks)

Christian Religious Education Paper 1 2004

Give five reasons why Moses was not willing to go back Egypt after his call. (5mks)
State five practices of idolatry during the time of Prophet Elijah. (5mks)
List five visions that Amos saw concerning the coming judgment on the people of Israel. (5mks)
Identify five commandments given to the Israelites that teach on how to relate to one another. (5mks)
With reference to the visit of angle Gabriel to Mary, state fiche revelations about Jesus Christ. (5mks)
Give five qualities of the roman centurion, who requested Jesus to heal his servant. (5mks)
List five teachings about the kingdom of God from the parable of the treasurer and peal. (5mks)
Identify five ways through which Jesus prepared the disciples for his coming death. (5mks)
State five ways through which God revealed himself in the early church (5mks)
State five reasons why the early Christian shared meals.
Give five reasons why a naming ceremony is important in traditional African communities. (5mks)
Write down five ways of solving conflicts in traditional African communities. (5mks)
Name five specialists in traditional African communities (5mks)
State five roles of the ancestors in traditional African communities. (5mks)
List five protestant missions in Kenya by 1914. (5mks)
Write down five ways in which the catechists helped in spreading Christianity in Kenya. (5mks)
Give five factors that a Christian employer should consider when decision on a salary for an employee. (5mks)
List five ways through which the church is rehabilitating wrong doers in Kenya today. (5mks)
State five ways in which modern science and technology undermine Christian teaching on respect for human life. (5mks)
Identify five ways through which the church prepares the youth for marriage. (5mks)

Christian Religious Education paper 2 2004

a) Outline the activities in the life of King David that showed he had faith in

God. (12mks)

b) Identify the characteristics of God as portrayed in the life of King David (7mks)
a) Relate the story of the healing of the man born blind (john 9:1-14) (12mks)
b) What is the New Testament teaching on prayer? (6mks)
c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to pray? (7mks)

a) Outline the teaching of Jesus on the role of the holy spirit. (8mks)
b) Identify the problems that Paul faced in spreading the gospel. (12mks)
c) What lessons do Christian learn from the life of Stephen? (5mks)

a) Why is leisure important in the life of a Christian youth? (12mks)
b) What factors have contributed to the misuse of leisure in Kenya today?

(6mks)

c) Give reasons why the church condemns injustice in Kenya (7mks)

a) Outline ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in traditional

African communities (12mks)

b) Explain why divorce is rare in traditional African communities (6mks)
c) Identify the effects of divorce on children in Kenya (7mks)

a) Explain the factors that led to the establishment of African Independent

churches in Kenya. (14mks)

b) Give reasons why missionaries were opposed to oath taking (6mks)
c) What is the purpose of singing in the church today? (5mks)

C.R.E PAPER 1 2005

Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as Pentateuch (5mks)
Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation (5mks)
Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelites (5mks)
State five qualities of God from the teaching of prophet Hosea. (5mks)
Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized. (5mks)
State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick. (5mks)
List five teachings about the kingdom of God from the parables of the Yeast and the mustard seed. (5mks)
Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have last supper with his disciples

(5mks)

Identify five factors that enabled Paul to win converts among the Gentiles. (5mks)
State five reasons on the cost of discipleship that Christians learn from the story of

Perpetual and Felicita. (5mks)

Write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities. (5mks)
Give five reasons why seclusion after child birth is important in traditional

African communities. (5mks)

List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities (5mks)
Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional

African communities. (5mks)

State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914.
Identify five causes of conflict between the youth and the old people in the church (5mks)
State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya today.
Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections (5mks).
Write down five consequences of denying employees rest. (5mks)
Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are leaving with HIV?AIDS (5mks)

2005 Christian Religious Education

Paper 2

a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them (7mks)
b) What were the failures of King Saul? (12mks)
c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today? (6mks)

a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)
b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New Covenant” (10mks)
c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area? (6mks)
a) With references to incident when Jesus was dedicated to God at the age of

forty days outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about his life. (12mks)

b) What lesson did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of the feeding of

the five thousand? (7 mks)

(6 mks)

(a) State the teachings of Jesus on how Christians should approach God in Prayer.

(6 mks)

With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message to the people

(12 mks)

What should be the qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today? ( 6 mks)

(a) Discuss the factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in

traditional African communities. ( 8 mks)

What changes are taking place in property ownership in traditional African communities (10 mks)
Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?

(7 mks)

(a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the African

Communities in Kenya by 1945 (12 mks)

What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization? (6 mks)
Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce poverty in Kenya ( 7 mks)

C.R.E PAPER 1 2006

(a) Give reasons why Christians read the bible ( 8 mks)

(b) With reference to the Genesis stories of creation in chapters 1 and 2, outline

the attributes of God ( 7 mks)

communities? ( 5 mks)

(a) State the problems that God made to Abraham ( 6 mks)

(b) What problems did Moses face as he led the Israelites during the exodus?

( 10 mks)

(a) Give reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king ( 8 mks)

(b) State the achievements of Solomon as King of Israel ( 6 mks)

(a) Explain the role of prophets in the Old Testament ( 6 mks)

(b) Give reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites

worshipped God ( 10 mks)

(a) Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of

Jerusalem. ( 10 mks)

Identify the symbolic acts used by prophet Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and punishment to the Israelites.
What lessons do Christians learn from prophet Jeremiah to teaching on the new covenant?

(a) Explain the importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in

traditional African communities. ( 10 mks)

Identify the moral values acquire during marriage in traditional African communities ( 5 mks)
Why is death feared in traditional African communities? ( 5 mks)

C.R.E PAPER 2 2006

(a) Describe the visit of the angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night

Jesus was born. ( 7 mks)

State the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ ( 8 mks)
What lesson do Christians learn about family relationship from the incident when Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover festival ( 5 mks)

(a) Outline the story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17) ( 8 mks)

(b) Identify ways through which the church continues with the healing ministry of

Jesus Christ ( 7 mks)

(5 mks)

(a) Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching

( 6 mks)

Outline the preparations that Jesus made for the last supper.( Luke 22: 7- 14)

( 6 mks)

Identify the reasons that made Judas Iscariot betray Jesus ( 8 mks)

(a) Identify the spiritual gifts taught by Saint Paul in early church

( 6 mks)

Explain how the use of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth ( 8 mks)
Outline the contribution of women in the church in Kenya ( 6 mks)

(a) What are the advantages of a monogamous marriage? ( 8 mks)

(b) State the factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today

( 7 mks)

( 5 mks)

(a) State the rights of citizens in Kenya today ( 7 mks)

(b) Give reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya

( 5 mks)

( 8 mks)

K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 1 2009

(a) From the genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human

beings ( 7 mks)

(b) With reference to the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis 3, State

four effects of sin on Adam and Eve ( 8 mks)

(a) Explain four characteristics of a covenant demonstrated in the covenant

Between God and Abraham. ( 8 mks)

(b) Give seven similarities between the Jewish and traditional African

Practice of circumcision ( 7 mks)

(a) State seven functions of the temple in The Jewish community ( 7 mks)

(b) Identify six ways which show that king Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life ( 6 mks)

(a) Give four similarities between prophets in the Old Testament and traditional African communities. ( 8 mks)

(b) Outline five teachings of prophets Amos the remnant and restoration of the

Israelites (Amos 9: 8 – 15) ( 5 mks)

(a) State four promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their

covenant with God during the time of Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 10: 28- 29)

( 8 mks)

(b) Identify five final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the

Worship of God in Judah ( 5 mks)

work today ( 7 mks)

(a) Outline six rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African communities ( 6 mks)

(b) Give six reasons why children are important in traditional African communities ( 6 mks)

K.C.S.E C.R. E PAPER 2 2009

(a) Outline the describe of prophet Isaiah about the messiah ( 8 mks)

(b) State six activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2: 6- 20)

( 6 mks)

(a) Describe the incident when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth. ( Luke 4: 16- 30)

( 7 mks)

(b) Give four reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee

(Luke 5: 12- 6: 11) ( 8 mks)

Their work ( 5 mks)

(a) Identify five teachings that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees’ house

(Luke 14: 1– 14) ( 5 mks)

(b) Give four reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teachings (Luke 14: 15 – 24) ( 8 mks)

( 7 mks)

(a) Give seven reasons why Jesus sent the holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension ( 7 mks)

(b) Identify four teachings of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband – wife relationship (Ephesians 5: 21- 32). ( 8 mks)

(a) Outline eight Christians teachings on work ( 8 mks)

(b) State the role of professionals ethics in a work place ( 6 mks)

(a) Explain four negative effects of the introduction of money economy on traditional African Communities ( 8 mks)

(b) Outline six x teaching of Jesus on wealth ( 6 mks)

( 6 mks)

K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 313/1

1 . (a) Identify eight historical books in the Old Testament. (8 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as a library. (7 marks)

(a) State four ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus

(8 marks)

(b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness? (5 marks)

3.(a) From the story of Naboth’s vineyard, explain the commandments which King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke. (8 marks)

(b) With reference to 1^st Kings 21: 17 – 29, give the forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Queen Jezebel. (6 marks)

4.(a) Outline six characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)

(b) State four ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos. (8 marks)

(a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet. (6 marks)

(b) Explain four evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the Temple sermon. (8 marks)

(6 marks)

6 (a) Name six places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities. (7 marks)

K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 313/2

(a) Describe four activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the Temple

(Luke 2: 22 – 40). (8 marks)

(b) Outline seven lessons Christians learn from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents in the Temple (Luke 2: 41 – 52). (7 marks)

(a) With reference to the sermon on the plain, state five teachings of Jesus on how human beings should relate to one another. (5 marks)

(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm (Luke 8: 22 – 25). (10 marks)

(5 marks)

(a) State four accusations that were made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22: 66 – 23: 1 – 23). (4 marks)

(b) Give five reasons why Jesus appeared to His disciples after resurrection. (10 marks)

(a) Explain the teaching of Peter concerning the people of God (1^st Peter 2: 9 – 10). (10 marks)

(b) Give six ways through which Christians can promote unity among themselves in Kenya today. (6 marks)

(a) State four similarities between the Christian and traditional African view on marriage. (8 marks)

(b) Give six reasons why some young people are choosing to remain unmarried in Kenya today. (6 marks)

(c) Identify six ways in which the Church is helping to solve the problem of domestic violence in Kenya today. (6 marks)

6 (a) Explain the Christian view on plastic surgery hi Kenya today. (10 marks)

(b) Describe four ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God. (4 marks)

CRE

2011

PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES

The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school

It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
It leads to employment / carrer

(b) The major division of the old and new testament

(i) law books.

(ii) Historical books.

(iii) Prophetic books.

(iv) poetic books

(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books

vi) Epistles / letters

(i) It is used to take oaths in courts / offices by people who may not be believers /

not saying the truth.

(ii) It is kept in places associated with evil.

(iii) There is distortion of the Biblical teachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil

individual demand misinterpretation

(iv) Some people use Bible like an ordinary..text book I reference .

(v) It is being used in witchcraft / cults to mislead people

(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade

(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible

(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display

Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses

7×1- 7 marks

2(a) How God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mt. Sinai

(i) God told Moses to remind the people of” Israel of how he had brought them out of Egypt

(ii) God told Moses that He wanted to make a special relationship with Israel / make
them a kingdom of priests

(iii) Moses called all the elders / people and told them what God had said.

(iv) God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey him.

(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord had said.

(vi) God promised to come down and meet with the people on the third day.

(vii) The people were ins tructed to consecrated themselves /wash their garments

(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships

On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an earthquake.
Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at the foot of the mountain
The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him

(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai

(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .

(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader

(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel

(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry

(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds

(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God

(i) God is caring

(ii) He communicates

(iii) He provides

(iv) He is powerful

(v) He guides

(vi) He protects

(vii) He commands

(viii) He is to be obeyed

(ix) He punishes those who disobey him

He is holy
He is faithful
He is patient
He is merciful
He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks

(a) The failures of king Saul

(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it

(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.

(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.

(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them

(v) He lost faith in God

(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David

(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God

(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 marks

(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel

(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .

(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel

(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites

(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .

(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.

(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours

(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship

(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.

(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple

( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.

(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .

(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .

(iv) Religious function take place there.

(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .

(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .

(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God

(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God

(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity

(x) As a sign of growth

4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament

They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
They were called by God
They were given specific tasks to carry out
They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
They were persecuted for their work
They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 marks

(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel

(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd

(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah

(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11

(iv) God called him through a vision

(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy

(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience

(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.

(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God

(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .

(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits

(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple

(a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia

(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem

(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .

(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands

(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths

(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes

(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession

(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and

the priest.

(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.

(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. 4 x 2 = 8marks

(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah

(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God

(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.

(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .

(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple

(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.

(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.

(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry

(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.

(ii) They should lead righteous lives.

(iii) Christian should always pray to God

(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility

(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God

(vi) They should teach others the word of god

(vii) They should set aside aday for worship

(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 marks

(a) The traditional African view of a community

(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead / the ancestors

(ii) The members speak common language

(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption

(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region

(v) They carry out similar economic activities.

(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans

(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural /practices

(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others

(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community

Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks

(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God

(i) The introduction of western culture

(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems

(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.

(iv) some people rely on science and technology

(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .

(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God

(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .

(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.

(ix) modern education

(i) In both members pray to God

(ii) In both they give offering

(iii) In both members sing songs

(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need

(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly

(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully

(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship

(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders

(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God

CRE 2011

PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEMES

(a) What took place when Mary visited Elizabeth.

(i) She entered Zechariah’s home,

(ii) She greeted Elizabeth.

(iii) When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped.

(iv) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.

(v) Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry.

(vi) She blessed Mary and child in the womb.

(vii) Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord has visited her

(viii) ‘Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings.

( ix) Mary responded by praising God

(x) Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.

(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth

(i) Christians should be righteous / upright / blameless

(ii) They should obey God’s commandments

(iii) They should persevere / be patient

(iv) They should serve God faithfully /commitment.

(v) They should be prayerful.

(vi) They should depend on God / ask God for their needs

(vii) They should believe God’s word .

(viii) They should thank God for blessings

(ix) They praise / worship the lord

(x) They should desire to be led by the Holy Spirit

(xi) Christian should rejoice at the blessings of others.

6 x1 = 6 marks

(i) They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols

(ii) They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass

(iii) They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist

(iv) They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill

(v) They visit friends/ relatives.

(vi) They decorate their homes/churches

(vii) They buy/ wear new clothes

(viii) They prepare special dishes /drinks

(ix) They rest from normal duties

(x) They hold Christmas concerts/ drama

(xi) They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus

(xii) They read Christmas stories /the bible

They help the needy /acts of charity
They repent /rededicate themselves to God.

2.(a) The teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to one another.

(i) Human beings should love one another / their enemies.

(ii) They should practice sharing / help others

(iii) They should be merciful| to each other.

(iv) They not judge / condemn others.

(v) They forgive one another / not to revenge.

(vi) Pray for those who wrong them

(vii) They should not discriminate against one another.

(b) A description of the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman

(i) Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.

(ii) While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.

iii) She stood at Jesus’ feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.

(iv) She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,

(v) She kissed the feet of Jesus

(vi) She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.

(vii) The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet

(viii) Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors .

(ix) Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more

(x) Simon said the debtor with more debt would love the creditor more

(xi) He told simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven .

(xii) Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven

(xiii) The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins

Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
He told her to go in peace

(i) To be at peace with God

(ii) To show obedience to the teachings of Jesus

(iii To improve their relationship with others

(iv) It gives them confidence to serve God

(v) To acknowledge their weakness / a sign of humility

(vi) It shows their desire to lead a righteous life

(vii) It is a sign of appreciation of God’s mercy

(viii) It is a way of self reproach

(ix) It is a demonstration of their faith in God

(x) so as to be forgiven by God.

3.(a) The instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a mission.

(i) The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,

(ii) The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.

(iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road.

(iv) They were to say peace any house they entered.

(v) They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.

(vi) They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.

(vii) They were to heal the sick

( viii) They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has corne near

(ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.

4×2=8 marks

(b) The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.

(i) Two men went into the Temple to pray, a Pharisee and a tax collector.

(ii) The pharisee praised himself in prayer.

(iii) He said he was holy / better than others / tax collector.

(iv) The tax collector also prayed but could not lift his eyes to heaven.

(v) The tax collector beat his breast saying he is a sinner / asked for God’s mercy.

(vi) It was the prayer of the tax collector that was accepted / the tax collector was justified

(vii) Jesus concluded by saying that whoever exalts himself will be humbled / whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

(i) To show their dependence in God / faith in God

(ii) To express the power /greatness of God /adore / honour God

(iii) They pray to ask for their needs / seek guidance.

(iv) Through prayer, they confess their sins / ask for forgiveness.

(v) To thank God for his faithfulness / goodness / blessings.

(vi) Prayer helps to relieve fears / anxiety / worries.

(vii) It is an instrument through which the work of satan is destroyed.

(viii) To communicate with God / have fellowship with God.

(ix) To follow the example of Jesus.

(x) It is a command from God / a sign of obedience.

4 (a) How Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.

(i) Peter was filled with the Holy spirit.

(ii) He started speaking in tongues.

(iii) He became courageous / defended the disciples that they were not drunk.

(iv) He was able to remember Old Testament prophecies / teachings.

v) He began witnessing the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
vi) He called people to repentance.

(vii) He was empowered to perform miracles.

(b) Saint Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.

( i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good of all

(ii) They should be used to strengthen / encourage & comfort members

(iii) They should be used to bring unity not to discriminate /divide members

(iv) There is need to respect / appreciate all the gifts

(v) They should be used in an orderly way / no confusion

(vi) The gifts should be used in love.

(vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimised in public

(viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for them to be meaningful /helpful.

(ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated / weighted.

(i) Some Christians lack the gift of healing.

(ii) They are afraid of being infected.

(iii) Because of religious / denominational f’ barriers .

iv) They lack knowledge / skill of handling the sick.

(v} They have no time for the sick.

(vi) Lack of faith in healing / miracles.

(vii) Because of poverty / may not have enough resources to share.

(viii) Lack of love for the needy / sick.

(ix) It is difficult for some Christians to determine those who are genuinely sick

(x) Due to social differences / status / educational background.

(xi) ‘Due to nepotism /ethnic affiliations.

Due to gender biases,

5.(a) Reasons why manual work is important in Kenya today.

(i) Through manual work human being emulate God as a worker.

(ii) It is a sign of being obedient to God’s instructions to work.

(iii) It enables human beings to look after / preserve the environment / be co-creators

with God.

(iv) It keeps the body physically fit.

(v) Human beings are able to obtain their basic needs / earn their living through manual work

(vi) It is a way of serving others / community

(vii) It enables human beings to develop their talents / abilities.
(viii) Manual work gives satisfaction / fulfillment

(ix) It keeps one busy / active

(b) Activities that the youth should engage in during their leisure time

(i) Taking part in church choir / singing.

(ii) Helping the sick / needy.

(iii) Taking part in retreats / seminars / camps

(iv) Reading Christian literature.

(v) Playing games.

(vi) Planting flowers / trees / cleaning the compound.

(vii) Watching TV / listening to Christian music / messages.

(viii) Taking part in Bible study.

(ix) Visiting their friends/relatives

It may lead to poor working relations.
The organization may realize low output.

(iii) The workers may resort to a strike action / go slow,

Some of the employees may lose their job through sacking/resignation,

(v) It can lead to poor health / death.

It may lead to break| up of families.
It can lead to labour conflicts between the employer/ employee,
Mistrust may arise leading to close supervision,
Employees may develop negative attitudes towards work.
Accidents are likely to occur.
Vandalism

6 (a) Ways in which Christians can contribute towards maintenance of law and order in society.

(i) By obeying the law of the land / leading exemplary lives,

(ii) By respecting the lawful authority.

(iii) Through rehabilitating criminals.

(iv) By condemning acts which violate human rights/unjust laws.

(v) Through educating the masses on their rights and responsibilities.

(vi) By sharing what they have with the needy,

(vii) By praying for peace / the national leaders / citizens,

(viii) By preaching on the importance of law and order/peace,

(ix) Forgiving others freely.

(x) Reporting criminals to the relevant authorities,
(xi) Through-reconciling the waring-parties.

(xii) Through guidance and counseling services.

(b) Methods of disciplinary errant members in traditional African communities.

(i) Paying fines.

(ii) Denying children food for sometime.

(iii)      Reprimanding wrong doers.
(iv)      Giving unpleasant names to reflect the wrong that the person has done
(v)       Denying culprits access to social occasions / being detained / isolation.

(vi) Summoning an indiscipline member before the council of elders.

(vii) Excommunicating wrong doers from the community.

(viij) ‘Through caning and beating.

(ix) Disowning by parents / relative / friends.

(x) Being cursed by elders,

(xi) Refusing to name children after them.

(i) There is an increase in the rate of crime / the law enforcement officers can not

cope with the work load.

(ii) Due to unequal distribution of resources,

(iii) Permissiveness in the society.

(iv) Due to political instability / incitement by politicians,

(v) Extreme poverty.

(yi) Social discrimination.

vii) Some cultural beliefs / practices hinder effective maintenance of law/

(viii) High rate of unemployment.

(ix) Bribery / corruption.

x) Greed for material wealth

(xi) Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime,

(xii) Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.

(xiii) The citizens lack knowledge on the procedures for the effective maintenance of law and order.

C.R.E QUESTIONS PAPER 1

KCSE 2012

1.(a) Identify six literary forms used in the writing of the Bible (6 marks)

(b) State four reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by the

early Christians. (8 marks)

2.(a) Describe the covenant ceremony between God and Abraham in Genesis 15: 1-19.

(7 marks)

(b) Identify four differences between the Jewish and the traditional African practices of

Circumcision (8 marks)

(5 marks)

3.(a) Describe six ways that king David used to promote the worship of God in Israel.

(6 marks)

(b) Explain four life skills that Elijah used to fight against false religion in Israel.

(8 marks)

(6 marks)

4.(a) Give four reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped

God. (8 marks)

(b) State six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet

Amos. (6 marks)

5 . a) From the call of Jeremiah, identify eight qualities of God (Jeremiah 1).

(8 marks)

(b) Give six characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.

(6 marks)

6.(a) Describe five ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate

with God.

(5 marks)

(b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in

traditional African communities.

(8 marks)

(7 marks)

K.C.S.E 2012

C.R.E PAPER 2

(a) Outline Micah’s prophecies about the Messiah (Micah 5: 1-5). (7 marks)

(b) With reference to Luke 1:13 -17, outline the message of angel Gabriel about John

to Zechariah. (7 marks)

(6 marks)

2.(a) Describe the incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist

(Luke 3: 21-22). (5 marks)

(b) Outline seven reasons why Christians undergo baptism. (7 marks)

(a) Describe the incident of the healing of the ten lepers. (7 marks)

(b) Explain the teaching of Jesus on the power of faith (Luke 17: 1- 37). (8 marks)

(Luke 19:11-27) (5 marks)

4.(a) Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ.

(8 marks)

(b) State six reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth. (6 marks)

on unity? (6 marks)

5.(a) Identify five sources of Christian ethics. (5 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality. (7 marks)

today. (8 marks)

(a) Outline the traditional African concept of wealth. (6 marks)

(b) Give eight reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today. (8 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________________

K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 11996

Reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians

(i) It provides moral and spiritual guidance

(ii) Helps them discover the will of God/ God reveal himself through bible

(iii) Reading the bible is an aspect of Christians worship/ a way of worshipping

(iv) The bible is the basis of Christians doctrines and practices/ Helps in

understanding Christians doctrines/eschatological times.

It gives guidance on the relationship among human beings/ and between human beings and God
It is the word of God
Christians come to discover who they are/ help a person discover his/ her worth dignity of the human person.
It is a source of consolation to xtions/ gives hope to xtions/ personarace hope.
Source of inspiration
Source of knowledge/ enlightened/ improves their knowledge
Helps in spiritual development and maturity/ enlightens them/ improve their faith
Helps them understand the universe/ environment/ their relationship to it.
Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God/ and to one another.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teaching on the relationship between human being and the environment from Genesis stories of creation
- Both human beings and the environment were created by God/ common origin
- Human beings are superior to all other creatures
- Human beings should take care of the environment/ preserve and conserve it
- Human beings have authority over the rest of creation subdue the earth
- Human beings should enjoy God’s creation/ the rest of creation was made for the human beings/ use for glory of God
- All creation is very good human beings should treat the rest of creation with reverence respect.
- Human beings and the environment ( rest of creation) are independent/ over their existence to each other.
- Human beings and the rest of God’s creation have a common destiny.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness during the

Exodus

(i) They celebrated the three yearly feasts to honour and thank God- the Passover Pentecost and Tabernacle.

(ii) Three times a year all the menfolk presumed themselves before God

They built an altar of earth for God
On the alter they sacrificed the holocaust and communion sacrifices from their flocks and heads
They hallowed the altar of God/ kept it holy
Approached God’s altar with respect/ honour/ reverence
They observed the ten commandment to guide them in their day to day living
They assembled at the foot of Mount Sinai and God gave them the Ten commandments
They made tabernacle (tent of meeting) which symbolized God’s presence among them.
They gave offerings of various articles to God e.g. gold, bronze, silver and oil
They burnt incense to the Lord
They observed the Sabbath as a day of worship
They prayed to God/ some praised / danced
They held the covenant ceremony at mount Sinai
They paid a tithe for upkeep of the tabernacle
They consecrated the tent of meeting

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Challenges faced by Prophet Elijah (challenges faced by Elijah himself)

(i) There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites / worshiping

false god

There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of life
There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some of prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into hiding
The people had abandoned the worship of Yahweh and ignored to life and practicing syncretism the covenant way of life.
He had to face opposition and even threats on his life from Jezebel and Arab
There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel by Jezebel to promote false religion
He had to face king Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
Convincing the people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh
Had to prove to Israel that it is Yahweh who was the true god and not Baal by holding a contest at mountCannel in which he challenged the prophets of Baal
He had to endure hardships in the wilderness

1 mark for properly analyzed answers ½ for narrated answers

Jesus teaching on sin

(i) Jesus has power to forgive sins

(ii) God forgives people’s sins on condition that they also forgive others

We should ask God to forgive our sin/ should repent
We should ask God to protect us against sin.
Nothing is covered that shall not be revealed sins will be exposed
Sin comes from the heart
Sin is not only the act but evil thoughts also
We should forgive each other our sins
Those who cause/ lead others to sin will be severely punished
Forgiveness of sin should be limitless
Sins that are forgiven on earth are also forgiven in heaven
Sin leads to death ( Luke 13: 1-5) sin leads to punishment/ loss of God kingdom / separation from God
All other sins are forgivable by God except the sin of blasphemy
Sin should be condemned / rebuked

Instructions given by Jesus to his disciples on how to pray
- Prayers must be honest/ sincere
- To humble themselves before God during prayer/ not to exalt oneself rather be humble.
- Prayer should be addressed to God who is the loving heavenly father
- To be persistent in prayer/ wait patiently for God to answer prayers/ Not to loose hope
- To have faith in God hence prayer
- Prayers should be short, clear and to the point
- Should show honour to God before making any request
- Prayer should be made in private/ silent places (Jesus always withdrew from the crowd to go and pray).

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians
- To help in search of spiritual knowledge
- It is read to increase Godly knowledge
- Help Christians learn virtues/ morals hence be role models to others
- Helps in giving instructions to Christians on how to live Godly lives/ it is instructional
- It is used as the main reference book by the pastors/ priests/ evangelists during preaching
- Used as a guide on how God expects us to live

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teachings on the use of wealth from the story of the Rich man and Lazarus
- Wealth should not be used to buy luxuries when others are suffering languishing in misery and poverty/ not for ones glory
- Wealth should be sued to alleviate the suffering of others/ to help the poor and the needy
- The rich should show concern for the suffering of others
- Wealth should be used to spread the good news/ Glorify God
- Use the earthly wealth to acquire a place in the kingdom of God
- Wealth should not be used to oppress humiliate the poor
- Wealth should not be used selfishly/ should be shared

Ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the holy church
- The persecution of Christianity by Roman authorities forced Christian to disperse in different parts of the empire to escape persecution. As they went to spread the Good news and where they settled they started the Christian community. The blood of the martyr is the seed of the church.
- The roman authorities had provided good roads and other infrastructure which make communication easy. Thus Christians missionaries and preachers were able to travel with relative ease.
- The roman authorities maintained law and order therefore peace a factor which enabled Christian missionaries to travel safely within the empire
- There was unity in the Roman empire, under the ruler in Rome thus citizens of the empire could move from place to place without hindrance or visas. A factor which helped the Christians missionaries in their travels
- Greek was the common language ( Lingua- Franca) of the empire which enabled the Christians to communicate their message wherever they went
- The empire had adopted Greek education philosophy and cultures which provided a point of departure in preaching the gospel.
- The organization skills of the Roman administrators, provinces, city states and towns helped the Christians in founding churches
- There was some degree of religious freedom which had allowed Jewish synagogues to exist in cities from where the missionaries started preaching the
- The roman authorities gave roman citizenship to non- romans which allowed them the same privileges as the Roman themselves. Those Christians like Paul who had this citizenship could travel throughout the empire with guaranteed safety and
- Later part of roman empire, Christianity was encouraged by Emperor Eenstantine.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Activities of the church in Kenya which show the Holy Spirit is working

among Christians

Praying e.g. individual, congregational
Decision making in the church/ solving issues and problems in the church
Faith healing/ healing the sick
Speaking in tongues
Singing in tongues
Singing and dancing/ music
Preaching/ teaching
Giving of offertory and alms/ sadaka
Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
Hold fellowship meeting/ Bible study/ reading the bible
Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/ Lord’s supper
Bringing new converts to the church
Pastoral care and consulting
Helping the poor and the needy
Working together of the churches/ ecumenism/ co-operation
Writing Christians literature e.g. books/ pamphlets/ magazines
Confession of sins/ reconciliations
Education/ giving instructions

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways of showing respect to the Government

(i) Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of the nation

(ii) Working towards the welfare/ development of the country

Performing the duties expected of them/ entrusted to them faithfully
Preaching against sin/ Evil e.g. injustice, exploitation, tribalism, sexism, oppression
Exercising their civic rights e.g. right to vote, during elections
Pray for the government and for leaders, the welfare of the nation
Preaching peace/ love/ justice and reconciliation
Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g. helping the sick, poor, old, people with special needs
Working towards the establishment of good social relationships
Teaching the people to obey the laws of god/ teaching of Jesus to mould them into good citizens of the country
Paying taxes to the state
Christians serve in the government as civil servants
Report law breakers/ evil doers to the authorities
Observing/ celebrating national days
Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of Law and order e.g. illegal strikes, demonstrations

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Duties of Traditional African healers/ counselors( As a counselor)

They carefully listened to people’s problems
Created a report/ good relationship with the patients/ trust/ confidence
Showed interest/ concern/ compassion to the people’s problems
Asked carefully worded questions to elicit appropriate responses. (These could be questions on the patients life expenses, his/ her family about friends and enemies
Analyzed the information given to identify the cause (s) of problems
They gave their patient assurance that the problem be solved
They offered remedies for the problems/ Situations to the problems/ giving medicine
Made appointments for future consultation. Follow – ups
Gave advice to the patients evil or harm e.g protective charms medicine.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families

They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
Helped in preparing the body for burial
Informed friends and relatives about the death
Made a eulogy to praise/ to testify the deceased’s contribution to the community
Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g. slaughtering, eating, dancing, cleansing

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why courtship was important in Traditional African Marriage

It helps in identification of suitable marriage partners
The two families involved in marriage negotiations ( of the boy and girl) established relationship/ familiarization
The boy and girl had the opportunity to learn one another and their families
Offered the opportunity to check/ establish whether the two people ( boy and girl) are related. Near kin to each other
Offered opportunity to establish whether the two people came from marriageable clans/ families
Cemented/ strengthened the relationship between the two families through exchange of gifts mutual visits sharing of food and drink
Gave the two families time to negotiate for dowry
Gave time to the family of the young man to look for and pay dowry or part of it.
Gave the two families time to arrangements
Gave time to the girl and boy to be instructed in family life education/ prepare them for a marriage relationship
Boy and girl were instructed on their duties responsibilities/ privileges in the community
Gave time to establish whether the boy and girl weren’t for marriage e.g. on virginity, impotency, infertility, frigidity
(not marriage but courtship)

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Problems which Dr, J L Krapf experienced as a missionary in Kenya

Hostile climate i.e hot and humid weather
Language barriers, at first he could not communicate effectively with the local people
Had to contend with tropical diseases e.g. malaria/ lack of proper medical facilities
Suffered personal tragedies when he lost his wife and child through death
Hostility from some quarters e.g. Muslim Arabs and Swahili. Suffered an attack by robbers when he traveled inland with Chief Kivoi
Frustrations because the people he had come to work among were slow in accepting the gospel/ slow phase of the missionary work
Problems of adopting to a different life style form the one he used to in Europe e.g. housing, food
Suffered from loneliness
Lack of transport
Wild animals

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which missionaries helped to rehabilitate freed slaves

They established freed slaves colonies/ centers in their mission stations e.g. Freetown, Rabai, Ribe, Jomvu, Mazeras where they provided the homeless freed slaves with home/ shelter and other basic needs
They taught the freed slaves industrial/ vocational skills to help them become self- supporting e.g. carpenters, masons, Bricklayers
Some of them were professionally trained as catechists, evangelists, teachers to enable them secure employment
Provided them with formal education to help them improve their living standards and fir self – realization
Taught Christianity/ converted to Christianity to create awareness of their human dignity and worth
Some freed slaves were given jobs in the mission stations as teachers, catechists, evangelists
They provided them with land on which to grow their food as well as provided them with agricultural tools/ material support for business
They taught the freed slaves better agricultural methods to improve their yield
They were taught health science, hygiene and home science to help improve their health
They were provided with medical care and medicine
Those who wanted to live outside the colony were allowed and helped to do so.
They were helped to find marriage partners
They were to observe very strict discipline/ helped in character building

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Why missionaries condemned female circumcision

They argued that the practice was unnecessary / useless
They viewed the practice with abhorrence/ it was repugnant
It was not keeping wife European uncivilized norms/ European civilization
They condemned it was an absence act/ immoral act
It was injurious to the health of the girls/ could lead to death though bleeding/ could cause infection/ had medical consequences especially in maternity cases
It was unchristian/ not agreeable with the biblical teachings

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which hinder Christians from helping the needy

Too many needy cases
Lack of experts to help in specialized areas e.g. in hospitals to help people with special needs
Tribal/ ethnic feelings/ zoning prevalent at present/ marginalization
Political learning’s and influence Christians belonging to a political party are not free to help needy people who do not belong where they belong
Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts of the country
Some times aid has some strings attached donors dictate how aid should be spent// given used
Economic demands/ inflation which leave Christians with nothing to help he poor with/ give/ lack of enough resources
Indifferences by some Christians to the plight of the needy/ some Christians are too attached to their material wealth/ selfishness
Corruption/ bribery prevailing in the society/ lack of transparency and accountability discourage some of the Christians from helping the poor
Denominational factors where Christians from one denomination are not ready to help the needy who are not members of their church
Lack of strategies/ procedure/ system on how help given is spent
Lack of awareness by some Christians on almsgiving

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Causes of conflicts between parents and children

Age gap between the parents and children, where parents fail to understand the children and children fail to understand the parents
Lack of concern by the parents to the needs and interests of their children
Unwillingness by the children to perform duties accept instruction by the parents
Children expecting too much from their parents and vice versa
Failure by parents to give time/ spend time with their children because they are involved in other things/ guidance and counseling
Children getting too involved with their peer group and have place for parents
Failure by parents to command respect from their children because of their weakness or failures
Failure by parents to set good examples to their children/ poor role models
Extreme poverty which dehumanizes/ extreme wealth which may spoil some children- doing what they want
Some children are not informed about their responsibilities to the family and the community
Parents putting too much restriction on their children’s freedom/ exercising too much control over the children / over protectiveness
Too much freedom given to the children by the parents the pressure/ laxity by the parents to their children
Marital problems by parents
Influence of foreign culture/ mass media etc.

Why Christians encourage young people to seek church weddings

Marriages is God- ordained/ Marriage is holy/ a sacrament
So the young people can learn and accept the teachings of the church on marriage
So they can have God’s blessings for their marriage
It is a respectable way to publicize the marriage/ publicly announce that the two people are man and wife

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 (313/2) 1996

(a) Circumstances which led to the exile of Israelites from in Babylon
- Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had become the most powerful nation in the middle East through conquest
- The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the neighbours/ the leaders of the people were corrupt/ there was social injustice/ lack of moral responsibility/ accountability
- The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by forsaking the religion of their forefathers/ by worshipping idols/ practicing syncretism
- Intermarriages with non- Israelites brought in foreign influence which made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other gods
- The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh( Jeremiah) when they challenged them about their way of life/ hypocrisy in order to silence them.
- The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to repent.
- Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- In 605 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/ Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from marching north.
- The Babylonian army captured Judah/ the cities/ forced kind Jehonakim to accept Babylonian control ( became Nebuchadnezzar’s vassal).
- After three years of Babylonian rule, King Hehoiakim tried to overthrow the Babylonian rule (but he died suddenly) He was succeeded by his son Jehorachin)
- The Babylonians armies forced the new king/ Jehoiachin to surrender in 597 B.C leading to deportation to Babylon as exiles
- The Babylonians installed Zedekiah as their vassal in Judah and Surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
- In 587 B.C the Babylonians broke into the city/ completely destroyed the city/ temple of Jerusalem/ most of the people who survived the destruction were deported as exiles to Babylon.

8 x 2 = 16 mks

(b) Factors which cause disunity among Christians

(i) Selfishness/ greed for money by some Christians

(ii) Rivalry/ competition for leadership positions/ greed for power

Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit
Arrogance/ Pride by some Christians
Corruption in the church
Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of god/ their failure to live exemplary lives
Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
Misinterpretation of the Bible/ doctrinal differences
Misuse of church funds/ power by some leaders
Lack of transparency/ accountability in running church affairs
The emergency of charismatic movements in the church creates a situation where some Christians think they are more equal/ holier than others.
Political interference where Christians find themselves in different political camps
Sexism/ women are not involved in decision making they are under represented
Discrimination against the youth churches ignoring the youth in the running of the church
Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines/ racism
Denominational differences.

(9 x 1 = 9 mks)

(a) Occasions when the angel appeared

(i) The angel appeared to Mary in Nazareth and told her she would be pregnant and will give birth a son who will be called the son of the most High God.

(ii) The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to take Mary as his wife, when he was contemplating on leaving her when he found out that she was pregnant. The angel told him that she was conceived by the Holy Spirit.

After the birth of Jesus, the angel of the Lord appeared to the shepherds who were looking after their flocks at night and informed them of the birth of the saviour in Bethlehem
After the visit of the Magi, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph and told him to take Mary and Baby Jesus and escape to Egypt because Herod would be looking for the child to kill him.
After the death of King Herod, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in Egypt and told him to take Jesus and his mother and return to Israel because Herod who tried to kill the child was dead

(4 x 8 = 8 mks)

Occasion———— 1 mk to be marked as a

Message ————- 1 mk to be marked as b

Methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel
Preaching/ teaching the good news in the synagogues. He preached in the synagogues in Nazareth and throughout the country ( Luke 4: 42 – 44)
Through the healing miracles/ curing various diseases. Healing of the paralytic ( Any other miracle)
Raising the people back to life. Raising of Jairus Daughter ( Any other)
Casting out evils spirits/ exorcism. Healing the man with an evil spirit at Capernaum. ( Any other exorcism
Through miracles of nature. Calling of the storm ( any other
Giving of discourses/ sermons. Sermon on the mount/ Oschatological discourse. ( any other.
Through the use of parables/ allegories. The parable of the sower ( any other)
Setting good examples for his disciples/ others to emulate. Washing the disciples feet, forgave sinners, died on the cross. ( any other)
Use of live examples/ visual aids. Used a child to teach on meekness. Innocence as a prerequisite for entry into the kingdom
Delegated his disciples to go on a preaching mission. Mission of the 12/72.
Through house visits. Visited the home ofMary and Martha. Simon the Pharisee/ Levi/ Zacheaus/ the sinful woman/ the disciples at Emmaus (Any other.
Use of the demonstrations/ role play, washing of feet. ( any other.
Question and answer/ asking probing questions “ who do men say I am”?/ Any other
Giving private tuition to his disciples. When he explained to them the meaning of the parable of the sower/ when he taught them how to pray/ the last supper . ( “do this in remembrance of me”)
Teaching in the temple of Jerusalem. During the holy week be taught in the temple every day.
Used life experiences of the people/ human experience. When he asked for a coin to answer the question on payment of taxes to Caesar.
Taught from the known to the unknown. Conversations with the Samaritan woman ( any other)
Use of the Old Testament texts to back his teachings/ elaborate his teachings. Read the book of Isaiah in the Synagogue in Nazareth.
He evaluated his listeners after teaching. After the parable of the good Samaritan, he asked the teacher of the law. “in your opinion, which one of these acted like a neighbour towards the man attacked by robbers”? The teacher of the Law answered,” The one who was kind to him.” Jesus told him to go and do likewise.
He Commanded people to do and witness what they had been taught and what they had seen. Gerasene demoniac.
Use of wise sayings e.g. “salt is good, but if it loses its saltness, there is no way to make it salty again. ( any other)

9 x 1 = 9 mks)

( To get a mark, a candidate must give the method and example)

(a) Problems faced by Jesus during his ministry

(i) Rejection by his own people in Nazareth

(ii) Death threats in Nazareth/ by Herod

He was accused of breaking the law of Moses ( e.g, working on the Sabbath day/ eating with unwashed hands/ etc
He was accused of being a friend of sinners and publican/ associating with sinners and publicans
He was accused of being the prince of demons/ Beelzebub/ Beelzebul
Faced opposition from the Jewish leaders
Temptation by the devil
Was questioned by the Jewish leaders so that they could use his answers to arrest/trap/ put him to death
Was betrayed by Judas
Was arrested/ agony
Was deserted by his disciples after his arrest
Was denied by peter
Was falsely accused of blasphemy/ treachery/ treason
Faced trials before the Sanhedrin/ Pilate/ Herod
Was sentenced to death although he was innocent
Was whipped by Pilate
Was forced to carry his own cross
Was crucified on the cross
Mocked/ humiliated when he was hanging on the cross
Was pierced on his side/ a crown of thorns was placed on his head
Convincing his disciples about the way he was to fulfil his messianic role ( Through suffering and death.

(a) Jesus teaching in the parable of the sower

(i) The word of God is preached to all people, but different people

take it in different ways

Some people hear the word of God, but the devil come and takes it away, so that they do not believe get saved
Some people hear the word of God and receive it gladly, but when problems come they forget it. Fail away.
Some people hear the word of God, but it does not take in their hearts because the worries/ riches/ pleasures of the world crop and in the choke the word
Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until they bear fruits
Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should spread it to others.

( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b) How the early Christians preserved the teaching of Jesus

(i) Through worship e.g. Prayers/ praises

(ii) Preaching the good news to others/ baptism

Teachings/ instructions by the apostles
Putting the teachings of Jesus into practice/ committed to Jesus teaching (e.g. helping the poor/ sharing e. t.c)
By witnessing about Jesus/ testimonies
Celebrating of the Lord’s supper’
Missionary work
Writing/ keeping a written record of the teachings of Jesus/ what he did and said.
Keryoma/ oral traditions
Through their faith in Jesus Christ
Allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them
Welcoming/ winning the converts into the community
Through counseling/ pastoral care
Through writing letters/ epistles
Through visiting other members
Sharing of the good news among themselves/ fellowship
Apostle training e.g. Paul trained Timothy
Accepting to suffer/ persecution and even death for the sake of the gospel
Incorporating people’s culture into the gospel ( E.g. Hellenism/ Greek Philosophy)

( 9 x 1 = 9 mks)

Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
Reading the bible to others
It is used for instructing new converts
Preaching/ preaching the bible
Used as a textbook in Christians Religious in schools and colleges
Used as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ reach for knowledge
Christian hymns/ songs are derived from the bible ( E.g. Psalms, magnificent, benedicts.
Distribute bible to individuals/ institutions making them available for all read
Translation of the Bible into vernaculars so that people can read/ understand it in their own language
Used in taking of oath/ making promises ( e.g. swearing in members of parliament, in law courts)
Christians literature book, pamphlets/ magazines) quote the bible/ use it to back their teaching/ messages.

( 8 x 1 = mks)

(a) Reasons why cleansing rituals were important in traditional

African Communities

Cleansing rituals were used to expiate/ forgive wrongdoers of their sins
Cleaning ceremonies/ rituals were performed to protect individuals/ families/ community against repercussion for the wrong done
Helped to maintain good inter – personal relationship / cohesion in the community/ reconciliation of the parties.
For purification/ acceptance of members who had been declared ritually unclean/ or had broken taboos, so that they could continue with their normal activities in the society, ( e.g. after childbirth/ those who had committed murder/ adultery/ after bereavement/ etc.
To appease the ancestral spirits
Cleaning rituals were part of the rites of passage. (Individual had to go through ritual cleaning to signify that they had left their old selves and acquired different status. ( e.g. circumcision/ death.)
The cleaning of the body before burial was prepared the deceased for the new life.
To rid individual/ families/ community of evil
To send away evil spirits/ forces
To protect against calamities/ problems/ sicknesses/ epidemics
Cleansing rituals were performed to persuade the spirits of the dead not to linger around the homestead/ cause misfortune to the family.

(8 x 2 = 16 mks)

Factors which promoted harmony in traditional African Communities
Sharing of resources among members of the community, (e.g food and drink)
Participation in communal activities/ work ( according to sex/ age/ status).
Participation of individual in social activities which through people together ( e.g. during harvest festivals, communal dances and games)
Involvement of all members of the community to celebrate the rites of passage/ rituals accompanying them ( e.g. birth, initiation, marriage, death)
People in the community were governed by rules/ regulations and taboos/ which were strictly observed
Those who deviated from the norms of the society were punished/ prescribed punishments for the wrong doers/ which discouraged vices ( such as cheating, dishonesty, greed, disobedience).
Children were educated on the values/ virtues/ their duties/ responsibilities obligations to the community.
There was continued education for all members of the community on what was expected of them.
Ancestral land was communally owned/ there were no landless people in the community.
Extended family system ensured that children / orphans and the widows were taken care of by other members of the extended family.
Communal way of solving individual/ family problems promoted understanding in the community.
Division of labour/ the roles of each individual member of the community were defined and adhered
A system of taking care of the needy/ the disadvantaged/ strangers existed
The people held the same religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
The people believed that they had a common origin, the Kikuyu believed that they are children of Gikuyu and Mumbi
The communities had their own mechanism of defending themselves against outside invaders
Each community had its own social/ political organization and the members simply fitted in the system

(a) Factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya

between 1900 and 1914

The completion of the Uganda railway linking the coast to the hinterland of Kenya made it easier/ safer for the missionaries to travel to the mainland
The colonization of Kenya by the British helped in the establishment of law and order which enabled the missionaries
Settle among different communities/ carry on with their work
The building of towns roads/ the installation of other infrastructure by the colonial government connecting their administrative centers enabled the missionaries to move with relative ease.
The colonial administration favoured the missionaries ( whom they saw as complementing their work) by ready giving them land certificates of occupation. ( the missionaries enjoyed support of the colonial administration as both were working as “allies” to introduce western concepts.
The colonial administration provided security/ protection necessary for the successful work of the missionaries
Some Africans were not so successfully in their tribal setting and were quick to join the “new” religion where they were recognized
The need for western education provided by the missionaries attracted Africans to the mission stations. ( some people were quick to realize the importance of education in the new colonial set –ups e.g. acquisition of job employment/ better living standards
The missionaries/ colonial administration used chiefs to persuade their people to send their children to mission schools
The need for western medicine ( led to the establishment of hospitals/ health centers/ dispensaries/ clinics by the missionaries made some Africans who sought treatment to come in to contact with Christianity.
The oppression and exploitation of the Africans by the administration and settlers created room for Christians teachings/ helped to develop friendship and trust between the missionaries and the Africans
Need for development by those Africans who were quick to realize that Christianity went hand in hand with development.

(a) Reasons why some Christians are opposed to capital punishment

(i) It is against the human rights to take away an individuals life.

(ii) God’s law forbids human beings form killings/ committing

murder. (“You shall not kill”)

Capital punishment does not serve/ fulfill the purpose for which punishment is intended, i.e retribution/ warning/ reform/ discouragement from repeating the offence.
It is an attack on the human dignity of an individual
Human beings are made in the image/ likeness of God, so capital punishment is destroying then image of God in human beings
It is a criminal attack on another person in the eyes of Christians
It is God who gives life and only God has the right to take it.
The judge who pronounces capital punishment on the accused person may be prejudiced/ unjust/ dishonest/ might make the wrong judgment
Human beings are imperfect/ they cannot assess the responsibility of the offender with absolute accuracy/ God alone is accurate ( e.g person might be accused wrongly/ human beings are unable to assess the inner intentions of the offender. How much evil was done).
God’s intention of punishment is to bring repentance/ reform ( capital punishment denies an individuals this opportunity
Those who execute punishment/ the offender/ their family/ suffer degradation
Deprive a family community of a member
It is irreversible

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Lessons from Jesus Trial by Pilate

(i) Jesus was innocent/ did not deserve death

(ii) Christians should not accuse other falsely

Should not be intimidated/ influenced by others to do/ say what

they know is wrong

Should only do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow human beings
Should strive for justice/ fairness regardless of the cost
Should be careful in judging/ accusing others/ passing judgment on others
Should give examples to others/ give guidance
Jesus is the messiah/ son of God.

(8 x 1 = 8 mks)

Prison

Visiting them so that they may feel wanted in the society / invite them to their homes
Pray for them
Preach the good news of salvation to them
Provide them with basic necessities (e.g shelter, food and clothing)
Show them love/ concern
Involve them in the community/ church activities
Provide them with guidance and counseling to help them and reform
Welcome them into the church
Help them to become self- reliant by helping them acquire employment/ survival skills for self/ job employment
Listen to them/ help them solve problems
Counsel their families to accept/ forgive them.

9 x 1= 9 mks

K.C.S.E MARKING SCHEME 1997

C.R.E PAPER 1

The responsibilities given by God to human being in the Genesis stories of creation

(i) Procreate – To rule over the rest of creation/ to care, conserve

and preserve the environment

(ii) Take care – To be in charge of the fish, the birds and all the

birds and all the animals/ rule over God’s creation

(iii) In charge – To cultivate the garden and guard it

(iv) Eat – To eat from the fruits of the garden

(v) Obey – To obey God/ God’s command

(vi) Marry – to get married/ should marry

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

The qualities of Moses shown during His call

(i) Care/ cautiousness

(ii) Inquisitiveness

(iii) Respect/ cautiousness

Patience
Obedience
Wisdom/ intelligence
Courage/ Bravery/ fearlessness
Faith/ trust
Consistence/ reliability
Humility

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah

(i) Messiah – Chosen one of God/ God’s anointed/ messiah

(ii) Pleasing – Pleasing to God

(iii) Spirit filled – God’s spirit is in film

man of justice

(v) Patience – Patience/ tolerance/ endurance

(vi) Humble – Humility

(vii) nonviolence – gentleness/ non- violence

(viii) Courage – Courage

(ix) Righteousness – Righteousness/ holiness/ uprightness

(x) Liberator – Liberator from oppression/ saves/ redeemed/

Restores

(xi) – God is glorified in him/ reflects God glory

(xii) Teacher – Knowledge/ teacher/ ready to learn

(xiii) Constant – Stead fastness/ constant

(xiv) Hope – Hope

(xv) – Vindicated/ free of guilt/ innocent

(xvi) – He is faithful/ obedient

(xvii) – Messenger of goods news

(xviii) – Prosperity

(xiv) – Divinity/ supernatural

(xv) – Power/ almightiness

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which led to the division of the kingdom of Israel

(i) Foreign wives – Solomon had married many foreign

princesses who bought high places ( idols) with them the worship of foreign gods to Israel.

(ii) Sol. Worship ( idols) – Solomon not only allowed his foreigners

wives to worship their gods but also built high places of worship where his wives worshipped their gods. This displeased God.

(iii) – Solomon broke the covenant with God by

disobeying his commands not to worship foreign gods. ( 1 kings 11: 9- 10)

(iv) Over taxation – In order to support his harem of wives and

court officials, Solomon needed a lot of money and this he got by overtaxing his subjects. This was oppression.

(v) Forced labour – Solomon spent years and a lot of resources

building his own palace and the temple, projects made him introduce forced labour in Israel.

(vi) Kingdom divided redness of Jeroboam

The over- taxation and forced labour made the Israelites dissatisfied with Solomon’s rules. The dissatisfaction among the Israelites found a spokesman in Jeroboam.

(vii) After Solon’s death his son Rehoboam succeeded him/ rejection of the

advice from the old men

(viii) Jeroboam led a delegation of Israelites elders to Rehoboam to ask him to

rule them less harshly than his father Solomon. The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion.

(ix) Rehoboam rejected the counsel of the elders who advised him to tell the ` delegation that he would rule them less harshly than Solomon.

The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion

(x) He listened to the young men who told him to tell the delegation that he

would rule them more harshly than his father cared for him/ Rehoboam listened

The readiness of Jeroboam to lead a rebellion/ encouragement from prophet Elijah to lead the rebellion North

(xi) When Rehoboam told the delegation that his rule would be harsher than his father’ they were so angered and the ten northern tribes of Israel rejected him as King and rebelled against him.

The rebellious tribes chose Jeroboam as their king and only the two southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained under the Kingship of Rehoboam. The redness of Jeroboam to lead rebellious tribes/ encouragement of Prophet Elijah to lead rebellion tribe.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

The Teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ
- Jesus is great/ famous/ greater than John
- Jesus will bring God’s Salvation/ saviour/ save humanity from sin
- He will proclaim judgment
- He will punish sinners and reward he righteous/ believers/ give eternal life to those who believe in him
- Jesus is the Messiah/ Christ/ God’s anointed
- Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world/ Jesus will die for the sin of humanity/ save humanity from sin
- Jesus will lead the new community of believers ( Bridegroom)
- Jesus was sent by God / He is from God/ God’s messenger/ son of God
- Jesus is loved by God / God has given Jesus everything/ believed of God
- Jesus will be filled with the Holy Spirit

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) Lessons about Jesus Mission from the incident when a woman caught in

Adultery was brought to him.

Jesus mission was to teach/ Preach the good news
Jesus mission was to justify/ fulfill the Law of Moses/ to fulfill the Law of the prophets.
Jesus’ mission was to and for all people/ universal/ for all nations/ Jesus/ Mission did not discriminate against any group of people / it was fair to all
Jesus did not come to judge/ condemn sinners but to save them
Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost
Jesus mission was to challenge the Jewish leaders in their attitudes/ their hypocrisy/ their interpretation of the law
Jesus was going to experience problems/ difficulties/ temptations in his mission
Jesus does not condone sin although he forgives the sinner

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Christians teachings about the Lord’s Supper

(i) The Lord’s Supper was inaugurated by Jesus

(ii) It is celebrated Jesus death and resurrection/ memorial of crucified and

risen Christ ( Anamnesis).

The Lord’s supper is a gift from the lord
It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
It is the Church’s effective proclamation of God’s mighty acts and promises
It is a sign of the unity of the church/ believers
It is the new Paschal meal of the church/ the meal of the new covenant which Christ gave to his disciple
It is a sacramental meal which by visible signs communities God’s love in Jesus Christ / sacrament of Christ real presence
The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was crucified
The wine/ cup is a symbol of his blood which was shed/ blood of the new covenant.
It is a foretaste of Christ poising and of the final kingdom/ symbolic of the heavenly banquets
It is central to Christian worship/ Eucharistic.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Causes of disunity in the Early church
- The questions on the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church. Some Jewish Christians were not read to accept Gentle Christians in the church unless they underwent circumcision.
- There was negligence of the Windows in the distribution of food
- Disagreement between/ among leaders, e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Paul and Peter.
- Groupings in the church where some Christians did not live according to the teachings of Christ.
- The problem of the gifts of the Holy spirit some Christians became arrogant because they believed they were more gifted than others
- Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation, Christology holy spirit, dressing
- Behaviour during the celebration of the Lord’s supper
- Christians took other to pagan courts

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost
- Jesus was from Nazareth
- Jesus had a human nature
- Jesus had a divine nature
- Jesus was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus
- Jesus death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Jesus conquered death/ has victory over death/ overcame death
- The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David. / the death and resurrection of Jesus were foretold by David
- Jesus is a descendant of David
- Jesus ascended into heaven/ is exalted at the right – hand of God
- The Holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
- God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ / Messiah

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Effects of Paul’s conversation on the early Christian church
- The persecution of Christians decreased as Paul had been their chief persecutor
- Expansion of the new faith through Paul’s missionary journeys/ evangelization
- The spread of the new faith to the Gentiles as Paul had been appointed apostle to the Gentiles
- Paul’s letter to different churches were included in the scriptures/ canonized
- Through his teachings and admonitions to different churches. Paul gave interpretations to Christians doctrines/ clarified the teachings of the church
- He helped set up structures in the early church e.g. types of leadership and thus church in a society
- By his examples of tolerance, Constance in faith the Gospel in spite of persecution he set a model for other Christians to emulate at this difficult time of persecution
- Paul defended the gospel against any attacks
Teachings of saint Paul on the resurrection
- The resurrection of Jesus was foretold in the scriptures/ resurrected according to scriptures
- His appearance to Peter the twelve and the five hundred
- Jesus appeared to Paul
- Jesus resurrection is a proof that there is the resurrection of the dead
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Christians faith is found on their belief in the resurrection of Jesus
- Because Christ rose from the dead, all those who die will resurrect
- The resurrection of Jesus destroyed death/ was victory over death
- Baptism signifies that Jesus resurrected
- People will resurrect in new/ different spiritual bodies
- The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and all will be changed a day.
- Resurrection gives hope to believers/ Christians

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Lessons on the cost of discipleship from the Uganda

(i) Christians should be ready to suffer and even die for their faith/ should not

give up their faith during persecution/ held on the truth at all cost.

Following Jesus can lead to suffering and even death
Christians should be ready to deny themselves for the sake of the gospel
They should rely on God help during persecution
They should not conform/ compromise political social or traditional demands expense of their faith
They should pray and forgive their enemies martyrdom should unite against oppression injustice and persecution
They should be determined to carry out the work of God. Propagate the gospel witness to Christ. In spite of persecutions/ condemn evil.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Traditional African Practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God

(i) Praying to God

(ii) Offering of sacrifices

Singing and dancing to God
Giving children the names of God
Building of shrines for God, e.g. mountains, caves, lakes, hills, forests
Pronouncing blessings and curses in the name of God
Taking oaths in the name of God/ making covenants in the name of God
Giving instructions on / /t the teaching attributes of God
Teaching of moral, taboos/ living virtues lives
Invoking the name of God in times of problems
Visiting holy scared places
Telling stories of creation/ origin of life and death to their descendants
Using proverbs and riddles to uncover the mysteries of nature/ creation
Caring for God’s creation/ sacred trees, animals and birds
Consulting priest/ seers, prophets about God’s will.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Occasions when oaths were administered in Traditional African Communities
- During reconciliation ceremonies
- During marriage
- After initiation
- When preparing for a raid
- When deciding on cases/ setting disputes
- When a person was being adopted into a family clan or tribe
- When a person was being initiated into a secret society
- During installation of leaders ( oath of office
- When a community was threatened member took oath to remain united against the enemy
- During the making of peace treaties
- When buying land
- During naming ceremonies/ children dedicated to God/ ancestors.

Occasions when the services of a medicine- man- were required in traditional African communities

During sickness
During initiations into adulthood
Before important undertaking e.g raid, war, marriage
During catastrophes e.g. drought, floods, death
When a person required charms for protection against evil ort a portion to use to achieve a desired goal
When it was necessary to dispel witchcraft/ magic/ sorcery and other forces of evil
In case of impotence/ barrenness

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which hindered the expansion of the missionary work in Kenya in the

19^th Century

Lack of trained personnel such as ministries, catechists, evangelistic and

teachers to do missionary work

Lack of resources ( money), to expand the work and put up facilities

For missionary work

Poor infrastructure e.g. roads and others means of

Missionaries could only stay in one station and traveling from one place to

Another was difficult .

(iv) Failure by missionaries to use appropriate methods and approaches to win

the Africans to Christianity.

(v) Negative attitudes and lack of interest by Africans to Christianity

(vi) Language problems, missionaries would not communicate effectively with the

local people and vice versa. Missionaries spent valuable time learning local languages which they could otherwise put into missionary work.

Cultural resistance from the local people. Some people felt that becoming Christians would alienate them from their communities
Environmental and geographical factors hostile climate, difficult terrains, droughts.
Attacks by tropical diseases, e.g. Malaria, blackwater diseases
Fear of wild animals
Fear of hostile tribes, e.g. Maasai, Gallo
Competition from other religious e.g. Islam and African traditional religious
Rivalry among Mission societies/ denominations/ religion groups
Attitudes of some missionaries towards Africans- considered Africans primitive/ savage / untutored/ unable to comprehend Christian abstract doctrines
German missionaries were not accepted in British colonies
Contradiction in the Christian message / some condemned use of alcohol while others tolerated it some condemned polygamy while others tolerated it, circumcision of women.

Reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the church

(i) being members of a church gives the belonging/ identity

(ii) Some go to church as a form of leisure / routine/ habit

To worship and join others in worship
Some go to church to make friends / met friends/ socialize
Others go to church to look for material help
for spiritual growth/ development and nurture.
To some, it is prestigious to go church/ seek popularity/ recognition
To fulfill an obligation/ as a sense of duty
To seek comfort and consolation
To seek forgiveness and correction
To physical and spiritual healing
For guidance and counseling
To cover up their sins/ crimes/ wrong doing/ hypocrism
To seek God’s blessings
To provide good education for their children/ get them Christian schools
To follow the religion of their parents/ not to annoy their

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which the church could help street children
- Rehabilitate them/ reform them/ change them
- Try to link them up with their families / parents
- Give them guidance and counseling
- Provide them with the basics of life- food, shelter and clothing/ material support
- Help them to got to school/ provide leaving resources/ pay school fees
- Help in building home for them/ contribute to building homes
- Appeal to the governments and the non- governmental organizations and the community to help those children
- Persuade them to attend church and accept them into the churches/ give them moral support.
- Accept and welcome street boys to their homes
- Evangelize them/ win them to the church
- Start money generating projects for them
- Help equip them with survival skills for employment and self- employment
- Teach them values and morals e.g. cleanliness, honesty, self – respect

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which Christians practices social justice
- By sharing belongings and resources with those who dot have
- Helping the poor and the needy/ orphans
- Visiting the sick, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
- Fulfilling their domestic obligations
- Fulfilling their civic obligations
- Provision of social services e.g. schools, hospitals and orphanages
- Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
- Praying for peace and justice
- Pointing for peace and justice
- Pointing out and correcting evil in society
- Calling for justice and the rule of law
- Caring for the environment

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Advantages of a monogamous marriage

(i) To achieve intimate oneness for two persons. Two is company, three is a

Crowd

Wife, husband and children get undivided love
It is easier to achieve complete faithfulness and trust
It becomes easier to build mutual confidence
Makes it easier to bring up children in a healthy and peaceful atmosphere
It is the only legal marriage relationship in law and according to the church
Reduces the risk of drug and alcohol use by the children and parents/ produces delinquency
Helps to enhance/ improves family resources
Wife is able to enjoy all the rights and privileges without threat and competition
Reduce of the effect of injected with S.T.D.S
Easier to achieve complete harmony and peace in the family
The practices of inheritance upon the death of the father
Children grow in confidence and develop love, trust and respect for the father
Reduces rivalry in family / Favoritism/ jealously among wives and children
Reduces cases of homicide

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1997

a) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh.
i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. (The Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem signified the presence of God among his people). Yahweh’s presence was at the centre of Israel ‘s life).
ii) He made Jerusalem the HoldCity / religious / spiritual capital to which Israelites from over the land came for important religious occasions.

iii) He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites / Jews (e.g. reading / singing / reading)

iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh (Nathan/God) listened to their

messages/advice/admonitions.

v) When David made mistakes, he repented / asked for Yahweh’s

forgiveness/pardon.

vi) David humbled himself before Yahweh/ he called himself the servant of

Yahweh / completely submitted to His will / obeyed God / was loyal.

vii) He advised others to obey God / to keep God’s commandments /

Shepherded Israel to true worship of Yahweh.

viii) David praised God through song/ dance / music.

ix) David Wanted to build a house / temple for God (where the Ark of

the covenant would be kept / Israelited would meet for worship).

x) David constantly prayed to God / Sought God’s guidance / Glorified

God / gave thanks to God.

xi) He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live in peace / was a sign of God’s presence among them.

6 x 2 = 12marks

b) What Christian learn about God from the call of prophet Isaiah.
i) Transcendent (High and lifted up) exalted.
ii) Almighty / all powerful / omnipotent.

iii) Majestic

iv) Holy
v) Glorious
vi) To be glorified / praised / worthy of praise.

vii) To be worshiped / adored

viii) Sanctifies / cleanses / from sin / purifies

ix) Punishes sin/ destroys
x) God restores / forgives / pardons
xi) He commissions/ sends / gives a task / proclaims / promises

a task / service.

xii) God chooses / uses / calls / makes a choice / selects to service /

whom to send.

C) Ways in which Christians show gratitude to God.
i) Through prayers / thanks giving/ praise / adoration/worship.
ii) Through offertory / tithes.

iii) Caring for the sick / old / disabled.

iv) Through song / dance / music.
v) Dedicating themselves to the service of God/ church.
vi) Preaching / teaching / witnessing to the Gospel / evangelizing.

vii) Working for the well – being / development of their community.

viii) Caring for the environment.

ix) Taking caring of themselves.
x) Obeying God’s laws / doing
ix) Taking caring of themselves.
x) Obeying God’s laws /doing God’s will dedicate to God’s service.
xi) Acting as peace-makers/reconcilers.
xi) Celebration of the sacraments.

xiii) Celebration of Christian Holidays/Sabbath /Feasts (e.g. Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost.

xiv) Observing the traditions of the church/ following the doctrines of the church.

xv) Through writing/composing Christian literature/ songs
xv) Through writings/ composing Christian literature/ songs.

xvi). Offering their time/talents for the wok of the church/ building worshipping places.

6×1= 6mks

2 a) Jesus Teachings about the Kingdom of God from His parables.

i) It is God who establishes His Kingdom. He is like a sower. (parable of the sower).
ii) God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like a seed and spreads out irresistibly as yeast permeates the dough. (Parables of the Mustard seed/Yeast/leaven).

iii) Jesus has brought / ushered in the Kingdom of God/ through his works and his very person.

iv) The kingdom of God is a present reality, as sower, God has sown the seed it is growing.
v) The Kingdom of God is a future reality (eschatological)/ the kingdom of God is awaiting completion/perfection (the parable of the wheat and Tares).

Vi) The secrets of the Kingdom are reveal. Given to a chosen few, to others they are in parables. Hidden.

vii) The Kingdom of God is universal /for all peoples/nations (mustard seed).

viii) The Kingdom of God starts in a small way /grows secretly to include all the nations of the world (mustard seed/Yeast).

ix) There will be judgment in the Kingdom of God/ God will separate the righteous and the sinners/ The righteous will be rewarded and sinners will be punished . (Wheat and the Tares).
x) The Kingdom of God is for the righteous ones.
xi) The Kingdom of God is precious / valuable (it was worthy forfeiting all else for the sake of the Kingdom ). (e.g Treasure/the pearl)

xii) God searches lost individuals and bring them back/ restore them to the Kingdom.

xiii) There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual is retrieved /brought back.

Note: Candidates do not have to quote the parable.

7 x 2 = 13mks (maximum)

b) Obstacles that Christians could encounter in trying to promote social

justice in Kenya.

(i) Opposition from the rich/Government –who will not be willing to help/ share their riches with the poor.

(ii) Opposition from the powerful/those in power making positions-because they are not willing to share the power/power making positions with others.

(iii) Greed/selfishness/corruption – resulting in grabbing exploitation of the poor/powerless.

iv) Political leanings/people belonging to a political party- are not willing to share power/wealth resources with those belonging to different political parties.
vi) Racism-people belonging to a certain race discriminating against others.

vii) Different religious/ faiths/denominations-are not walling to help people of other faiths/denominations.

viii) Sexism-where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women.

ix) Age factor- Where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women youth, as to them the youth are irresponsible/ inexperienced/the youth are not ready to share power/ responsibilities with the old because they are out of dead wood.
x) The educated-who have no regard for the uneducated who they regard as ignorant.

6×2= 12mks)

a) Saint Pail’s Teachings about Love (1 Cor. 13)

i It is a gift from God/ of the Holy spirit

It is the most important gift

iii. It is patient / does not let down.

Iv It kind

Not jealous/envious

vi Not conceited/Proud /not cruel/not self seeking

vii Not ill mannered

viii. Not selfish/it is generous/ not cruel/not self seeking.

Ix Not irritable/ resentful/not quick to anger/bears no grudges

Does not keep a record of wrongs

xi Not happy with evil

xii It is happy with truth

xiii. Never give up/endures/not tired/tolerant/withstands long suffering

xiv Its faith/hope/patience never fails/it is reliable.

It is eternal 8 x 1 = 9mks.
b) i They left their jobs/occupations/families and followed Jesus.

ii Listened to /accepted his teachings/obeyed him.

iii Invited him to their homes (Mary and Martha/Peter/Levi)

iv They joined him in prayer

v Anointed him as a mark of great honour (Mary Magdalene/the sinful woman.

Gave him physical protection (e.g. Peter).

vii. Served Jesus.

viii Accompanied/followed him from place/kept him company.

Helped him to spread/teach/proclaim/preach the good news (e.g Mission of the 12/72/70)
Showed concern/love for his well-being /cared for him.

Xi Advised him/sought advice from him.

Xii Glorified /praised him

Xiii Put their faith/trust in him were steadfast.

Xiv Addressed him as Rabbi/ master/Teacher/ respected him

Paid tax for him

xvi. Peter was prepared to die with Jesus/followed him to the home of the High Priest during the trial.

Xvii Peter cried when he remembered he had denied Jesus.

Xviii Were present at the cross of Jesus/weeping.

xix. Removed his body from the cross/wrapped it/ buried it/were sad when he died.

Xx Took care of his mother.

Xxi were happy/ excited when Jesus resurrected.

xxii. Accompanied him to the mount of ascension.

Xxiii Waited on his promise of the Holy spirit in Jerusalem.

xxiv. Spread the Good News of Jesus Christ after his ascension.

8×1=8mks

c) Problems faced by Church ministers in their work
Lack of money/resources to pay their salaries/meet other expenses.

ii Poor housing/lack of housing for themselves/their families

iii some Christians might reject a minister/lack of acceptance by some Christians on grounds of education/age/tribe.

Iv What they preach/teach might make them unpopular with some members of the congregation/with the powers that be.

Might work in geographical hostile environments where they might suffer from disease/drought/weather /traveling long distances.
People might expect too much from them when they are only human. When they make mistakes people may not readily forgive them.

Vii some members may not co-operate with them.

viii. Might face un co-operate from other church leaders (e.g. Bishops/moderators).

Might not be in agreement with some rules/regulations/ standing orders of the church.
Pastoral problems might be too complex to deal with/might not be able to handle some people.
Settling quarrels/disagreements/disputes without being seen to take sides

xii suffer from stress. Depression from personal problems/ problems form the congregation and have nobody to share with them/might not share problems with people for fear of exposing weaknesses.

Xiii Problems/ harassment form civil authorities/politicians who might want to use the church for their own benefits/accusation of involvement in politics.

Xiv Might not know how to deal with different groups in the church (e.g. youth/women/men/choir/revival groups).

Xv Might face cultural barriers. Language problems if they are not working in their home districts.

xvi. Temptations from worldly/ earthly pleasures/materials.

xvii. External factors-competition/rivalry from other religions/other Christian denominations.

xviii. Too much demand on their time/services by the members.

8×1=8mks

4 a) Measures taken by traditional African communities to discourage

pregnancies before marriage.

Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill discipline/responsibility.

Ii The youth were made aware /advised/sensitized of the dire consequences of irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage.

iii. Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities virginity was highly valued.

girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished/they were ostracized. Disowned by he family/put to death/forced to marry old/useless men.

v Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were also punished /paid a heavy fine/reprimanded/banned by their age groups/ defamed in songs/ given nasty nicknames.

Parents, (especially the mothers) were held responsible for their daughter conduct/ girls movements were closely watched and their movements monitored. Limited

vii. During social occasions(e.g dances) young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave.

Viii There was physical separation of sexes/boys and girls/ males, lived in separate houses.

Ix There were taboos/rules/regulations on sex relationships

X The entire traditional African community was concerned about the moral fiber /integrity.

Xi Sexes were taught to respect each other/treat each other with respect/ to respect their own bodies/maintain their dignity/ honour.

4 b) Factors which have contributed sexual immorality among the youth

Drugs/alcohol abuse among the youth
Permissiveness in the society/moral laxity /lack of discipline in the society.

Iii Pornography form print media/materials /literature/pictures.

Iv Poverty which has led some to turn to commercial sex/prostitution

V Lack of proper sex education for the youth.

Vi Changing life styles/urbanization resulting in overcrowded house/ lack of privacy.

Vii Influence form electronic media (e.g television. Video cassettes/cinemas).

Viii Availability of contraceptives which make the youth engage in sex education without any fear of pregnancies.

Ix Unemployment/Idleness the youth are lured into sex with promises of jobs/favors

X Stress/frustrations, force the youth to seek consolation in sex among other things.

Xi The wrong role models from the adults/the youth don’t have examples to emulate.

Xii Peer pressure/youth engage in sex to fit in their peer group/to be accepted.

Xiii Parents have abdicated their role of teaching the youth about the facts of life to the schools which doing very little/nothing at all.

7×1=1mk

4 c) Ways in which the church can help single parents

should provide pastoral care/guidance and counseling/preaching to them .

ii Accept them in church/community.

Iii Provide them with material help where necessary/provide opportunity.

Iv Visit them/invite them to visits with them.

V Pray with them/for them.

Vi Involve them in church activities

Vii Encourage them to get married

Viii Invite them to church seminars on family life.

6 x 1=6mks

5 a) Practices in the Early church which are observed in the church in Kenya.

Holding prayer/fellowship meeting (meeting together for prayers/for fellowship.

ii Observing a day of worship/having weekly worship services.

Iii Baptism of the new converts to make them full members of the church.

Instruction of new converts in the Bible/Christian doctrines.
Celebration of the Lord’s Supper/Eucharist/Holy Communion/Mass.

Vi Visiting /helping the sick /poor /orphans/the needy/widows.

vii. Giving of offertory/tithes for the work of the church.

Viii Meeting to discuss issues/problems/solve problems

Ix Teaching/preaching the Gospel

X Missionary work/evangelism/taking the gospel to those who did not have it spreading the gospel to new people/areas.

Xi Speaking in tongues/laying of hands to receive the Holy spirit.

Xii singing to/praise God

Xiii Pastoral care/guidance and counseling.

Xiv sharing of resources/sharing what they have with others.

Xv Sending of famine relief to those who have no food as a result of man-made/natural catastrophes/wars/drought/floods.

Xvi Celebrating Christian events (e.g Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost/Ascension days)

Xvii Healing/ spiritual healing/performing miracles.

xviii. Observing the Law of god/Ten commandments/Decalogue /the traditions of the church.

Xix reading/ studying of scriptures. 7×2=13mks.

5 b) Reasons why Missionaries condemned traditional African music and

dance.

They regarded them as obscene/disgusting (e.g body movements/the songs)

ii They regarded them as evil/ satanic as they did with other aspects of African culture.

Iii They were regarded heathen /contradicting/ anti-Christian/ pagan practices/ witchcraft.

Iv Regarded them as demonstration of savagely dangerous harmful/barbaric.

they assumed that they promoted sexual immorality/were immoral/led to sexual immorality.

Vi discourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices

Vii To encourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices.

Viii the missionaries condemned the African dance/music out of ignorance/they did not understand their/ language /social/religious significance.

Ix The music instruments used by the Africans were primitive according to the missionaries.

the white missionaries were already biased/hated/did not like/that what was African was culturally inferior/primitive/should be abandoned.

Xi They wanted to liberate/ the Africans for the primitive culture/ practices so that they could embrace Christianity/western civilization (and all that it could offer).

5x =12

a) Ways in which Christians make use of since and Technology make use of

science and technology to spread the Gospel.

Through the use of electronic media (e.g radio/television/video cassettes/ cinemas to preach/ teach the good news.

ii Use public address systems when preaching to large congregations/during Christian crusades/rallies /conventions.

iii Make use of modern means of communication (automobiles aero plane /trains) to travel from place to place to preach/teach/ evangelize/to send.

Iv make use of recorded cassettes to preach/ for recording gospel music which people can listen to.

Make use of modern musical instruments (electronic guitars/key boards for accompaniment in music.

Vi use of telephones/fax/postal service from station to station/country to country/which is essential in running of churches.

Vii Use typewriters/ computers printing machines has enabled the church to put messages/teachings in writing so that they can be read by more people/enabled them to print their literature for wider readership.

Viii Technology in architecture/building technology has enabled churches not only to put up sanctuaries from where to preach to the people but also to put up other complexes (e.g. halls, schools/officers) for the work of the church equip their hospitals/modern methods to treat the six /to carry out the healing ministry.

Scientific research/innovations in different disciplines has been adopted by the church and this has contributed to their critically looking at methods/approaches used in spreading the gospel with the intention of changing to modern methods/ approaches.

X The use of modern technology in industry agriculture/commerce, has helped to bring more money in the churches which is essential in spreading the gospel/for the work of the church.

Xi use of modern equipment for leisure (e.g. games /music drama social activities/ parties )has helped to enhance the work of the church.

Xii scientific discoveries/explorations have gone a long way to affirm/ attest the truth of the Gospel (e.g. (Archaeological discoveries).

5×2 = 10mks

6 b) Religious significance of the environment in traditional African

communities.

i The environment was created by God/it is sacred/ to be reversed.

ii Each ethnic group believed that their homeland was given to them by God/it was a gift from God.

Iii In some communities, the most important oaths were taken by one taking the soil as a symbol of land/environment.

Iv African communities set aside certain places as sacred/ to symbolize God’s presence among them (e.g mountains/ forests/caves/rivers /trees). These places were also used as places of worship.

some communities hat totemic animals/birds/heavenly bodies which were considered sacred.

Vi The environment demonstrated the relationship between god and the people at given times e.g drought/flood/epidemics) showed that God was annoyed with the people/good rains/ a bumper harvest/ green vegetation showed God’s blessings.

Vii People believed that it was their religious obligation to take care of the environment.

Viii Used the environment to reveal / understand God’s attributes/his nature (e.g. thunder/ lightning/ rain/ clouds/earthquakes/ volacanicity/eclipses/sun moon/stars.

Rites of passages were connected to the environment/ circumcision blood flowed to the soil to blind the initiate to the ancestors/ birth –placenta was buried in the ground/upon death the body was buried in the ground.
The Africans believed that the environment was the abode of the spirits/the living dead / the ancestors.

Christian Religious Education paper 1 313/1 1998

The meaning of the expression the Bible is the Word of God’

(i) The Bible was inspired by God

(ii) The authors of the Bible wrote under the influence of the Holy Spirit

(iii) The bible deals with God’s revelation to human beings and their responses.

(iv) The Bible contains the true message of God for daily living

(v) God wrote the Ten Commandments on the stone tablets.

(vi) The Bible is the revealed word of God/God reveals Himself to us through His activity in the Old Testament and in the Holy Spirit in the Church today.

5×1=5mks

Characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham

(i) It was unconditional

(ii) It had promises to be fulfilled.

(iii) It had an outside sigh /circumcision.

(iv) It was sealed through sacrifice/ritual

(v) It was voluntary / the parties were willing to enter into covenant /mutual

(vi) It was solemn/binding

(vii) It was initiated by God

5×1=5mks

Attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover

(i) God is merciful

(ii) God is faithful to His promises/covenant

(iii) God is omniscient /all knowing

(iv) God punishes the disobedient/stubborn

(v) God saves /rescue those he loves

(vi) God responds to / answers prayers

(vii) God is worthy of worship

(viii) God is omnipresent /always

5×1 = 5 mks

Effects of idolatry to the Israelites

(i) The rejection/ignoring the covenant way of life (corruption and injustice)

(ii) The coming up of prophets who stood firmly for the covenant / prophets who reminded people of God’s covenant.

(iii) The adoption of the Canaanite worship by many Israelites / syncretism (temple prostitution. Incorporating Canaanites feasts, building temples and shrines.

(iv) The suffering of the Israelites in their land through calamities (e.g. drought)

(v) Gods punishment of the Israelites/the exile to Assyria.

(vi) the rise of prophets who spoke of hope / restoration of the remnant.

The teachings of Jesus in the parables of the lost sheep and lost coin.

(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ ailments/sicknesses

(ii) He was the son of God

(iii) Healed people who had faith in Him

(iv) He healed through command

(v) Christians should be grateful to God for the blessings he bestows upon them

(vi) Christian should forgive one another

(vii) Christian should go out and seek for sinners. 5×1=5mks

Lessons learnt from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar

(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ailments/sicknesses

(ii) He was the son of God.

(iii) He healed people who had faith in Him

(iv) He healed through command

(v) Christians should be grateful to god for the blessings he bestows upon them.

(vi) Christians should always seek God

(vii) Christians should not stop those who seek God/be a stumbling block to those who seek God.

5 x 1= 5mks

The teaching about Jesus from the cure of paralytic.

(i) Jesus was a teacher

(ii) He had power of the Lord to heal

(iii) People had faith in him

(iv) He was able to forgives sins

(v) He was accused of blasphemy by the Jewish religious leaders.

(vi) He had authority over sins and sickness.

(vii) Jesus was sought by crowds who wanted to be healed.

(ix) He had ability to read/ know people’s thoughts

(x) He healed by word of mouth

(xi) He was praised by people for his mighty deeds.

5×1 = 5mks

The events that took place following Jesus’ death

(i) There was darkness from twelve non to three o’clock

(ii) the curtain of the temple was torn into two

(iii) Jesus cried out with a loud voice ‘father into Thy hands I commit my spirit’

(iv) Jesus’ body was laid by Joseph of Arimathea in a new tomb

(v) The army officer who was present was a good man/ innocent/ son of god

(vi) Those who had followed Jesus went away in great sorrow

(vii) There was an earthquake / rocks split/ tombs opened /the dead resurrected

(viii) Jesus’ body was removed from the cross

(ix) One of the soldier s divided Jesus garments and casted lost on his tunic

(x) The soldiers divided Jesus garment sand casted lot on his tunic

(xi) Jesus handed over his mother to the beloved disciple, who took her to his home.

5 x 1=5mks

The qualities of an apostle in the early Church

(i) He was called/appointed by God

(ii) He was to be prepared to persevere/ suffer for Christ.

(iii) Be ready to forgive those who persecute/no retaliation

(iv) He was to humble /avoid pride

(v) strive to win converts for the Lord

(vi) Be loyal /teach Christian principles/ doctrines

(vii) Commit one’s life to the course and work of Christ

(viii) Depend on God for provision and wisdom

(ix) Rely on the Holy Spirit for interpretation/ revelation/inspiration.

5 x1=5mks

Activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be considered a true follower of Christ
Take a vocation/ do work whose benefits are minimal –even when there is a better alternative.
Spreading the gospel in remote places/under difficult circumstances/ persevering persecution.

Witnessing through work (e.g. teaching, medical, social work)

Guiding and counseling people in understanding God’s message/interpreting God’s blessings/guidance.
Setting good example / role models
Praying for God’s blessing/guidance

Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)
Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes)

Keeping to the teachings of Jesus Christ.

5 x1 =5mks.

Factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.
The worship of god / a supreme being.
Belief in common ancestry/ origin

Sharing of material thins with the less endowed/ giving moral support in times-of need.

Adopting positive attitude towards work/communal work
Citizens have an obligation to obey the laws /rules of the country.
Developing and practicing acceptable leisure activities.

Conservation natural resources/land / environment /water/minerals
Promotion of a common language for easy/effective communication.

Respecting other people’s cultures.
Shunning practices that are incompatible with Christian values
Sharing respect for leaders/elders.

5×1=5mks.

The importance of initiation rites in Africa Traditional communities
Promote the youth into adulthood
Provided a learning forum for the youth to know the societies idea/ ideals.

Used as a method of preserving between the initiaties and the sponsor/age sets.

Used as a method of preserving between the society’s cultural heritage.
Enhanced a bond friendship/unity among the initiates
It made one a full member of the community / created a sense of belonging

One had the right to own property/ marry
Created a strong relationship between the initiates and sponsors/age sets.

Ways Christian spread the gospel of Jesus today.
Use of mass media/radio/television
Missionary activities such as crusades/rallies seminars/evangelism

Preaching in churches/schools/colleges

Administering sacraments in the church as baptism/marriage
Giving tithe/ offerings/sponsoring preachers
Living exemplary lives/Being role models/living according to Christian virtues/charitable deeds- e.g. visiting prison, hospitals. Etc.

Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.
Should be permanent /breaking of the marriage had serious consequences
Its binding/the couple/family /clans all who were separate before

Ceremonies are conducted where the concerned couple/family/clan take vows promising loyalty to each other.

Exchange of gifts/as a sing of lasting relationship/ cement the relationship
Certain conditions have to be fulfilled such as payment of dowry/bearing of children
Gods/spirit are evoked to bless and protect the marriage/prayers are offered to God

There are witnesses i.e. families/friends
There is sharing of a meal/ceremony to express unity/friendship

Five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities
They offered sacrifices on behalf of the communities
Acted as mediators between God and the people

Offered prayers during religious ceremonies such as birth/initiation/marriage/death/war

Performed rituals of cleansing/healing
Reconciled warring parties/peace makers
Were part of decision making body especially during calamities such as war/epidemics/drought

Foretold the future/warned people of impending danger/calamities.

Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African communities
Guided people on moral behavior/discipline
Outlined social relationships/kinship ties

Faster respect for elders/leaders

Maintenance of respect for God
Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity.
Guided on acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttonness, greediness etc

Create harmony/maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.

Why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of presenting grievances.
Shows disobedience to lawful institutional authority which is against biblical teachings.
Leads to waste of time and resources

Disrupts peaceful working atmosphere

Could lead to destruction of property
May lead to loss of life which against God’s commandments
May lead to sacking/unemployment/suffering of the individuals and their dependants

Leads to bitterness/hatred/frustrations/revenge.

Why taking of alcohol as a way spending leisure is condemned
Lead to conflicts/squirrels within the family
Misuse of family resources/wealth

May lead to alcoholism/addiction

Leads to irresponsible sexual behaviours such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
Could lead loss of means of livelihood/loss of income
May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc

May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to divorce/separation/crimes etc
Leads to accidents such motor accidents.

Five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage

(i) If the preacher glorifies himself more than God

(ii) If the preacher is imposter

(iii) If the preacher enriches himself in the expenses of the

congregation

(iv) If the preacher is an imposer

(v) If the preacher tries to force truth into their lives

(vi) The preacher’s message (sermon) may contradict their beliefs

(vii) If the preacher is not sensitive to their needs

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

313/2 1998 MARKING SCHEME

1.a) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile

Through animal sacrifices
Through offerings

By observing religious ritual (e.g. presentation/circumcision)

By keeping the Sabbath Day.
By keeping/observing the Ten commandments
Through prayer/song/dance

By Commemorating God’s saving deeds/ religious festivals/ feasts.
By regarding God as their king / ruler /by obeying the earthly kings who were regarded as special representatives of God.

By building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his teachings.
By following the teachings of the prophets.
Honouring the temples as a sacred place where the ark of the covenant was kept

By respecting the Leviticus priest.

5×2=10mks.

b) Why worship was condemned in the Old Testament
People became concerned with the external practices/observances /their hearts far from God/hypocrisy.
People broke the Ten Commandments/disobeyed God’s commands.

Religion became too commercialized/money could be used to buy favous from God./hypocrisy.

People forgot the saving works of God/worshiped foreign gods (e.g. Baal, Sherah /Idols)
The poor were hated/despised/considered outcasts.
The widows/orphans were neglected.

People believed in false prophets prophecies.
People practiced syncretism.

c) Why children should be introduced to the worship of God
To create in them an awareness of God/ creation of the universe/man
To learn the true teachings of their church.

To familiarize themselves with the religious practices of their church/sacramental life of the church.

To learn to trust/obey God give themselves to God.
To learn the prayers /songs of worship.
To enable them become members of the church

To initiate the example of Christ.
To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community.

5×1= 5mks.

2 a) Areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders.

(i) The Sabbath- The law said no work should be done on the Sabbath day BUT, Jesus healed on the Sabbath healed on the Sabbath declaring that he is the of the Sabbath (saving human life is more important than keeping the laws of the Sabbath).

(ii) The divinity of Jesus- Jesus claimed to be equal to God (The father and

I are one” )/ He had the power to forgive sins. But the Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners/outcasts- The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.

(iii) Jesus association with sinners/outcasts-The Pharisees reasoned that a holy person associate with sinners who are outcasts.

(iv) Jesus teachings- Jesus directly condemned the religious practices of the Pharisees/He called them blind leaders/hypocrites/white washed tombs, But this abuse ultimately brought hatred for Jesus (He spoke of destroying the temple and rebuilding it in three days)/ any other relevant teaching.

(v) Jesus claim to be a Mesiah – The Pharisees expected a political conquering messiah. But Jesus stated that he was humble serving Messiah/ His concern was for the spiritual kingdom (as a result the Pharisees were confused and could not read and interpret the signs of the time).

(vi) The popularity of Jesus brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders who were afraid of losing their own authority.

(vii) Jesus failure to observe the traditions of elders (e.g fasting /not washing hand before meals).

(viii) Jesus style of doing things e.g cleansing the temple/ teaching with authority brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders.

Note: THE CONFLICT HAS TO BE SHOWN

6 X2= 12MKS

(b) Causes of Conflicts between the young and the old

Church leadership – The young want to have say in church affairs/decision making
Church worship- the young may consider some forms of worship dull/out of date/they may want to introduce new forms of worship e.g dance.

Religious beliefs- some are considered outdated.

Church teachings- Failure of the young people to observe certain church teaching (e.g sex before marriage/love of the church leaders may be pretenders- therefore the youth lack role models.
Hypocrisy – some of the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
Lack of democracy – the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.

Permissiveness in society/loss of Christian values
Family conflicts leading to loss of respect/confidence.

Loss of faith in God’s workshop/loss of patience.
Manner of dress-Some churches don’t accept modern fashions.

4 x2 =8mks

(i) Through prayers to bring about proper understanding .

(ii) By committing the children to God’s will/surrender them to God.

(iii) By advising them/ Providing guidance and counseling.

(iv) seeking help from church leaders/ priests/pastors.

(v) By listening to their views/making fair/Frank judgements.

(vi) By bing open to hem/present them with the correct picture of the situation.

(vii) By setting a good example to them/being role models.

(5 x 1 =5 mks)

(a) Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to Galatians

6:1-10

(i) Correcting wrong doers gently.

(ii) Sharing one another’s problems/burdens.

(iii) Avoiding boastful behaviour that may discourage other in faith/self righteousness.

(iv) Taking care that one does not fall into temptation lest one becomes a stumbling block to the brethren.

(v) Everyone will be responsible for his/her spiritual life/problems

(vi) There should be fellowship between the teacher and the learner.

(vii) Whoever sows evel will be punished/whoever sows good will be rewarded.

(ix) Be honest to God for He is not mocked.

(b) Difficulties to harmonious living in Christian families today.

Unfaithfulness/promiscuity
Misuse of family resources/lack of resources.

Lack of communication.

Child-abuse (e.g. beating/raping/incest/favoritism).
Alcoholism/drug abuse.
Separation of family members (e.g. due to wage/labour/education)

Denial of conjugal rights.
Sickness (e.g. AIDS/ cancer/impotence /barrens )

Child delinquency
Lack of tolerance/forgiveness/cruelty.
Greed for wealth/self esteem/prestige/professionalism.

Religious fanaticism/denominational difference.
Traditional/cultural inhibitions/influence.
Peer group influence/pressure western influence/permissiveness.

Generation gap

Through guidance and counseling /mediation.
Hold seminars/conferences/etc for couples/children/the youth.

Through publications on Christian living (e.g. magazines/books/ pamphlets).

Use of mass –media (radio/videos/television).
Through preaching/teaching /condemning vices
Through offering pastoral care in homes/house visits.

Giving financial support to the needy families
Praying for the families.

Offering employment to the jobless.
Providing vocational training /skills.

7×1 =7mks.

a) How wealth acquired in African Traditional Societies.
Bride price was given as a token of appreciation to the girl’s parents.
Trough barter trade (exchange of commodities/ goods).

Through inheritance of property from parents /guardians/relatives

Gifts were given in appreciation of talents/goods conduct/loyalty.
Through warfare/raids
Through marrying many wives/getting many children who provided labour force.

Through use of skills like tool making/weaving /pottery/ welding (they were able to produce goods for exchange).
Those with talents like medicine men/dividers/rainmakers sold there services.

Those who worked hard (e.g through clearing forest/breading of verging land enriched themselves.

b) Ways through which money economy has undermined the principles of Christian living.
There is the use of corruption/bribery/giving false witness/other immoral practices.
People are discriminated against because of poverty

There is power struggle to acquire wealth/riches to protect it.

Wage labour has undermined the family unit
People sell family land and end up living as squatters/labourers on the very land.
There is the rise of individualism/unwillingness to share.

Dependence on foreign aid/donations/has undermined the virtue of hard work to earn a living..
Development of class system in Africa.

There is rural-urban migration leading to weakness in the family unit
Bride price/ marriage has been commercialized thus undermining love/equality in the home.
Struggle to acquire wealth has undermined commitment to God/worship of God.
c) Proper use of wealth
Through financing the spread of the Gospel.
Contributions towards the construction of hospitals/schools/churches/homes for the old/destitute/disabled/rehabilitation centers.

Provision of formal education

Provision of professional training.
Provision of technical training
Giving famine relief (e.g. to the drought stricken areas etc)

Provision of social services/amenities to the needy.
Giving arms to the poor /sharing /helping others/needy.

Giving tithes/offerings
Providing for the family needs.

8x 1=8mks.

(a) Effects of Christianity on Traditional African communities in Kenya by 1914
It encouraged monogamy therefore many women remained unmarried.
It led to the disintegration of communal life of the Africans/encouraged individualism

The role of African specialists/leaders/medicine men/prophets/midwives/elders declined.

Africans lost land to missionaries for mission stations.
It led to the discouragement of African Religious practices/beliefs.
The life span was lengthened due to the introduction of healthy services.

It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans literate /acquire white collar jobs.
It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans skills (e.g. agricultural skills).

Some Africans were made to despise some practices which were considered harmful (e.g. female circumcision/tattooing /killing of twins).
African started accepting the idea of universal God/converted to Christianity.
Africans were enlightened about their rights

(EFFECTS TO COME OUT CLEARLY)

8 X 2 =16 MKS.

(b) Government’s contribution towards the evangelization process

The Kenya constitution guarantees freedom of worship.
The government provides a peaceful environment by maintaining law and order

Provision of infrastructure for ease of accessibility.

Allowing Christian Religious Education t be included in the curriculum
Training/offering employment to Christian Religious Education teachers.
Helping in the construction of churches/Christian run schools/hospitals seminars/conferences/ worship.

The government allows her institutions to be used as venues for seminars /conferences/worship.
Allowing churches to be sponsors/control their sponsored institutions.

The government sets aside land for church construction.
Allowing the use of mass media (e.g. radio/television/magazines/pamphlets) to popularize church activities/evangelization.
The government allows evangelists from other countries to come and preach/win converts for Christ/allowing Kenyans to go to foreign countries for theological training.

Christian holidays are incorporated in the national calendar (e.g Easter/Chrismas)
The government officials are invited to attend opening/closing of Christian functions as a way of boosting their morale.
Christian leaders are invited to pray in official functions/national anthem proceeds official openings.

6 a) The cost of discipleship among the early Christians in Africa.

Be ready to cut off family ties
Denouncing of previous faith/beliefs.

Supporting one another in all situations/circumstances.

Shunning away from material wealth.
Accepting Jesus under any circumstances
Ready to suffer/die for Jesus sake.

Being firm in faith
No fear of earthly authority.

Should not fight back when provoked.
To co-exist with others regardless of status /education.
Being –joyous when persecuted.

Encouraging new converts in the faith not to fear for persecution.
Loving one another.

9 x 1 =9mks

(b) Why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the Church today.

The woman was the first to fall into sin in the story of Adam and Eve
According to Old Testament teachings, the woman was considered ritually unclean during her monthly flow.

Due to African/Jewish cultural influence where women were considered lesser beings.

Due to the misinterpretation of the second account of the creation story where a woman was created after man an therefore belie fed to the inferior/subordinate to man/misinterpretation of the Bible.
God is referred to as a He (man) and therefore men are held closer to Him in comparison to women.
Inability of women to carryout duties continuously due to interruption (e.g. pregnancy/ child birth/marital obligations.)

Inability o women to work under strenuous conditions/circumstances.
Basing on St. Paul’s teaching where he says tat women should be silent in church (1 Corinthians 14: 34-36)

The argument is based on the choosing of the twelve apostles by Jesus Christ who were all men.
Basing on Pauline teaching about the appointment of the bishops/deacons in the early church.

Providing education for women/sanitizing women on their rights.
Training women on various church ministries.

In some churches, women are ordained as pastors/reverends/elders.

Involving them in teaching/preaching the gospel.
Women are appointed as leaders in church organizations/activities (e.g. Mothers union/giving sacraments/women ‘s guild/community fellowships).
They take leadership roles in the Guidance and Counseling of the youth/church members.

The church allows women to initiate manage self help projects for the needy (e.g health/famine relief).
They are made in charge of the community based programmes (e.g. health /famine relief).

(ix) Training women in management skills/key positions/policy makers in the society.

6x 1 =6mks.

Christian Religious Education Paper 313/1 1999

Lessons that Christians learn from the call of Moses

God commissions/appoints people to perform certain tasks/chooses or works through people of his choice.
God does not give people impossible tasks
God is beyond human understanding/transcendent
God responds to the cry of his people when they call upon Him
God is almighty/all powerful/Omnipresent and Omniscience/all knowing/Holy/ Pure
God punishes the enemies of his people. (5mks)

Activities of King Jeroboam that made Israelites in the Northern Kingdom turn away from God.

Made images/golden calf’s /idols to represent Yahweh
Made Dan and Bethel as centre of worship
Stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem which was against the law.
He build other places of idol worship/high places/hilltops/shrines
He chooses priests who did not belong to the family of Levi.
He instituted religious festivals unlike those found in Judah
He himself worshipped idols. (5mks)

Failures prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for

False prophets who prophesied peace when god judgment was near/impending judgment
Murder of the people/elimination of opponents through murder
Judges were corrupt/received bribes/injustice
Priests served people for money/pay
Oppression of the poor by those in power
Unjust rule/exploitation/stealing/lust for money. (5mks)

Responses to God’s call Jeremiah 4:4-19

He was hesitant/immature due to age (young)
He was not ready
Did not know how to speak
He had dialogue with God/talked to God
He saw two visions that changed his attitude towards God’s mission for Him
He accepted to be sent. (5mks)

Jewish ceremonies that Jesus was involved in

Circumcision
Naming
Baptism.
Presentation in the temple/ dedication/purification/redeemed.
Visit to the temple in Jerusalem during the Passover at the age of twelve.
Celebrated the Passover with the twelve disciples/ last supper
He participated in the feast of the Tabernacles (John 7:1 -10)

5×1=5mks

Reasons why Jesus was rejected in Nazareth

He annoyed the people by telling them that their forefathers rejected God’s prophets.
He failed to perform the kind of miracles that he had performed in Capernaum.
He told the people that prophets are ignored in their own country.
He declared that he had come to fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah.
He was the son of Joseph
He healed on the Sabbath.

5^* 1 = 5mks.

Lessons Christians learn from the reply to the Sadducees question on the resurrection.

In life after death there is no marriage/no husband-wife relationship
They should live with a hope for a better future.
God is the god of the living
Through resurrection Christians become sons of god
After resurrection there is no death/immortality.
The righteous will recurrent and live eternally.
At resurrection Christians are like angles.

5×1=5mks.

Teachings of Jesus from beatitudes

The poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of God.
They should live with a hope for a better future.
God is the God of the living
Through resurrection there is no death/immorality.
The righteous will resurrect and live eternally.
At resurrection Christians are like angles

5×1=5mks

Five teaching of Jesus on the cost of discipleship

Take up the cross and follow Jesus. /Be ready to suffer.
Be ready to die for the sake of the kingdom
Should not be ashamed of Jesus.
Follow him without expecting material gains.
Let the dead bury their dead/be ready to proclaim the kingdom.
Should not look back/nobody who takes the plough and looks back is fit for the kingdom.
Separate yourself from even family members/be fully committed.

Five lessons a Christian can learn from Ananias and sapphire in Acts of the Apostles.

Honesty should be observed /faithfulness is important Acts 5: 1-11)
Lying should be avoided
Christians should be willing to share their property with others/should not be selfish/greedy
Christians should resist temptation.
Sin can results to death/suffering . / God will not compromise with evil
Sins bring fear
Christians should not be influenced by others to commit sin/evil
Christians should not test God
/Holy spirit /God sees everything
Christians should speak against evil.

5×1= 5mks

Occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African communities.

Breaking a new ground
Planting seasons
In times of crisis such as drought/epidermic/persistent diseases.
Rites of passage e.g naming /birth.
When preparing warriors for war.
When breaking a curse.
After abundant harvest. / in thanksgiving.
At day-break and sunset.
Before setting off on a journey
Installation of leaders.

5×1= 5mks.

Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.

There was dancing /singing for the new life.

The new born was praised/ blessed.
There was feasting and celebrations
The father received praises.
There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.
Children were given names.
The mother’s hair was shave./ cleansing of the mother.
The mother and baby were kept in seclusion.
Protective were given to the child/mother

5×1=5mks

13 Ways in which the Africans sought reconciliation with God.

Through prayers
Through invoking the name of God
Pouring libations to the ancestors.
Offering sacrifices
Singing /dancing to God
Visiting the sacred places
Helping the less fortunate in the community
Giving offerings /gifts.
Reciting/chanting the names of the ancestors.
Approaching God through the mediators e.g. diviners
Cleansing wrongdoers/abstaining from various practices.

5×1=5mks.

Factors that have affected traditional African Education System

Introduction of modern technology
Introduction of western education/schools
The coming of Christian missionaries.
The establishment of a colonial rule/ new systems of government.
Growth of urban centres/urbanization.
Rural –urban migration.
Rural-rural migration.
Western culture/westernization.
Money culture/economy.

5×1=5mks

How the gifts of the holy spirit have been abused in the church today.

Cheating that one has a certain gift of the holy spirit /pretence.
Commercialization of the gifts/people are asked to pay money before being prayed for /healed.
False interpretation of the bible/prophesy/predicting the future.
Unscrupulous Christians may impart demoniac powers on innocent faithful.
Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride/superiority complex.
Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy spirit where faithful get into eccsy/trance which may lead t injuries.
Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call/preacher with an intention of exploiting others

5×1= 5mks

The use of print media in spreading the gospel

Reading the bible /Christians literature/studying.
Teaching using C.R.E textbooks.
Selling magazines with Christian messages
Advertising Christian issues in newspapers/printing Christian newspapers.
Distributing Christian pamphlets /newsletters/giving the printed material free.
Illustrating Christian messages using the Bible Atlas
Use of encyclopedia to explain /interpret Christian terminologies/ bible dictionary.
Displaying posters with Christian messages.
Imprinting Christian messages on various objects/items/clothes
Translating print media into local languages to reach most people

5×5 =5mks

17 Ways Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus’ command to love one’s neighbour

Praying of one another
Being role models/living exemplary life/witness good virtues.
Fellowships with one another by forgiving one another.
Helping one another in various duties
Sharing items with one another
Consoling the needy/guiding and counseling those in problems
Avoid hurting others either physically or emotionally. (5mks)

Problems resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today

Rise of state church conflicts
Many churches have sprung up whose main aim is material gain
Leading to confusion due to different interpretations of the scripture/some Christians many five up their faith completely due to confusion.
Misuse of resources due to duplication of churches activities.
Open conflict between leaders and the public due to different modes of worship
Has led to mergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
- - - - (5mks)

Ways which forced reduction of employees affect the Christian family in Kenya today.

May lead/ give room to temptations/immorality
May lead to separation of families/disrupt the family unit
May lead to poverty overstretching of family resources
May lead to ill health/depression/ stress/death
May lead to change of family roles.
If one is paid any dues, if well invested may lead to prosperity
May lead to pride due to the large sum of money acquired
May lead to irresponsibility/ negligence of duty.

Why Christians should obey the laws of their country

In order to maintain peace/harmony
To as to imitate Jesus Christ emulate Jesus
To promote justice in society
To be role models/live exemplary lives
Avoid punishment/avoid crimes
Its Christians duty to respect the authority.

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION 313/2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

MARKINGS SCHEME/1999

a) Ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God
By abandoning the idol worship (moon god) to serve Yahweh the true God
By accepting to leave Haran to unknown land

By building alters at Bethel/Shechen in honour God

By accepting circumcision as a sign of the covenant (He got circumcised/his servants were circumcised/so was his son.
By sacrificising the animals in the covenant making
By accepting to change their names (Abram to Abraham as the father of the great nation, Sarai Sarah as the mother of the great nations.

By agreeing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
By worshiping god he prayed/sacrificed to god/interceded.

By believing in the fulfillment of God’s promises
By making a covenant with God. 6×1=6mks

b) Ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in Jesus.
They accepted Jesus as their teacher/Rabbi/ Messiah/son of God /Christ
They accompanied Jesus /Went with Him from place of place/Left every thing and followed Him

They accepted (The mission of the twelve/ seventy two/miracles of the disciples.

They accepted miracles of Jesus.
They accepted miracles of Jesus.
Peter walked on water

Invited Jesus to their home (peter/Levi)
Two of his disciples accepted/believe in Jesuss teachings

Two of his disciples brought a donkey for His triumphant entry into Jerusalem
Peter confessed that Jesus/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
The disciples were ready to defend Jesus/ Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.

The disciples accepted/believe in Jesus teachings
John took care of Jesus’ mother after His death
They were happy/believed when He resurrected

They waited in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit as promised by Jesus..

(i) God is the creator/gives life

(ii) He is all powerful/Almighty /Omnipotent

(iii) God is Omnipresent/ He is everywhere

(iv) God is Omniscient/ All knowing

(v) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trust

(vi) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trustworthy

(vii) He is a judge

(viii) God is the King/Lord/ruler

(ix) He is true god/Only one to be worship

(x) He is true God/Only one to be worshipped.

xi) He loves

xii) God is just/punishes sin/rewards good

xv) He is protector/overcomes temptation/not afraid

xvi) He is the controller of the universe 7×1 = 7mks

2a) How King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life

He married Canaanite wives/foreign wives.
He disobeyed God’s command of not worshipping the Canaanite gods.

He did not observe the brotherhood law (When he taxed the Israelites heavily for the upkeep of the foreign wives.

He disregard the advice of god’s prophets when he built worship places for false gods.
By signing trade and marriage agreements with his neigbours, hence relying on human beings other than God/ selling of the cities.
He disobeyed the instructions from his father, David that he should relay on God only.

He subjected the Israelites to forced labour/oppression/slavery in the construction of the temple/the place.
He murdered his half brother (adonija) who he thought would be his rival in power.

6×1=6mks.

b) How the Israelites were encouraged to live in hope during the Babylonian exile
Jeremiah taught that the Israelites would be restored
When they came back from exile, they would prosper

They would have fair/just rules

They would live in peace
God would increase their number by them having many children/encouraged to marry/get children.
They would worship Him alone/They would be His people / He would be their God.

They would live forever in the land God would give them
God would give them a king from David’s lineage who would rule wisely.

The exile suffering would no last for ever/god had good plans for them/exiles is God’s plan.
People would cry to God/he would answer their prayers
The Law will be written in their hearts

They will know God individually
Their sins will be forgiven
Individuals will be responsible for their own sins

Jeremiah encouraged them to build houses/plants gardens so as to prosper.

Jeremiah’s purchase of land spelt for the future

5×2=10mks.

Pastoral care/counseling (visits- in general terms.
Giving offering/tithes

Worshipping together/fellowships

Praying for one another/faith healing
Preaching/evangelizing
By baptizing/confirming converts/other sacraments

Giving education/training so as to improve living standards
Condemnation of evil

Opening of money generating projects to assist those in need/offering employment.
Involvement in Harambee projects
Providing affordable medical care

Homes for destitute/orphaned children /aged
Provide water for digging boreholes/in the arid semi arid areas
Relief food /clothes/sharing resources/arms/ work of charity / helping the needy

Visiting the sick in hospitals/homes

3 a) Examples from the life the life Ministry of Jesus which show how he tried to promote social equality.

Though Jesus was God/divine son of God, he was born of ordinary peasant parents(Mary and Joseph)
Jesus was born in a stable/manger.

Jesus’ birth was first revealed to shepherds (who were ordinary people)/ not fist revealed to the priests in the temple/he was visited by the shepherds.

Lived ordinary life of a Jewish child (by undergoing the Jewish rites of passage/assisting his parents).
Though he was not a sinner, he was baptized by John the Baptist like all who sought repentance of sin.
He selected His disciples from low/high states e.g son of Zebedee- James and John who were of high status and all other were of high status and all other were of low status.

He preached he message to all – Jews /gentiles/ Poor/ Rich etc
He called everybody to repentance/forgave all Hews/gentiles/poor/rich /etc

He healed all Jews/ gentiles/great/might low
He mixed with all- rich/poor/famous/ordinary people/criminals/children etc
He reinstated the status of a woman as a helper not as subordinate to a man – any other relevant example

In his parables, he used daily experiences from different life situations to address the audience-any parapable of Jesus
He was falsely accused like some people who suffer unjustly/crucified with other criminals.
He died like everybody else

He condemned evil doers irrespective of status /oppression

6 x2= 12mks

(b) How the disciples reacted to the use of parables in his teachings

They were surprised/amazed at the meaning/did not understand/reasons for the use parables.
They failed to understand the message of some of the parables

They felt privileged

They understood some parables clearly (especially about religious practices fo the Pharisees/pries.
They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom
They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his wisdom

They enjoyed listening Jesus parables
They felt challenged by Jesus’ parables

5×1=5mks

4 a) Activities which demonstrate that Jesus is a worker

Preaching /teaching in synagogues/allover the country/ministering
Healing the sick/healing the blind man/any other miracles of healing

Raising the dead of life-The raising of Jairus daughter (any other miracles of raising).

Praying /prayed to God the father
Feeding in the people e.g. He fed the five thousands/wedding in Cana.
Being a carpenter/he assisted his father

Identify with workers by drawing examples of parables/allegories from the world of work-parable of the sower /any other relevant example
Washing the disciples feet during the last supper

Calming the storm (any other nature miracles e.g walking on water/cursing the fig tree.
Fishing /Jesus wet fishing with his disciples (John 21:5-6)
Judging cases-the woman caught in adultery (John 8) forgiving sins of paralytic

Training instructor-He trained the disciples on how to carry out their work/the mission of the seventy two (72)
Leadership-appointment/commissioning of the disciples/apostles looking for disciples 7×2=14mks.

(b) Reasons why people work in traditional African communities

To meet/satisfy their basic needs (food/clothing/shelter/any other example.
Divinely ordained to get blessings from God/the ancestors/religious/role/duty tradition

For community welfare (people work of the good of other/the family/extended family community.

For socialization (People work together/sing together/ eat together/communally/in unity/as they work.
As a duty everybody must work
To demonstrate special skills (as artisans/porters/rain makers/black smith etc

To raise one’s status / positions (the harder the works the more the wealth Prestige. 5×1=5mks

Ability- academic/physical/ a person should have the knowledge skills/capability and strength to perform the tasks involved.
Inclination attitude-should have a positive attitude towards the career

Call- One should have the desire to serve god/community through the task/glory to God.

Talent-One should consider their inborn/natural abilities
Enjoyable-convenience-One has to choose a profession that one would to serve is not boring.
Remuneration-It should meet ones basic needs in life/job opportunity relevant job

A career that would help one to promote virtues in society.
The individuals should be able to observe the professional code/honesty/punctuality etc.

The career should provide opportunities for one to develop to maturity provide job security. 6×1=6Marks

5 a) Teaching of the New Testament about Children

Parents are to take care of their children/love/value/treasure them.
Children are innocent/ blameless.

Children are humble /humility

Parents are to teach their children about God.
Children are to obey their parents in the home.
They are to help their parents in the home.

They are to help their parents in the home.
Parents should discipline their children.

Children should respect their parents/honour.
Children should be able to enjoy their rights (life/basic requirements/condemn abortion/do not kill
Children should be brought up in a family. 9×1=9mks

b) Ways in which traditional African Communities show respect for the unborn child

The expectant mother is given charms to wear to protect he the unborn child from harm.
The expectant mother is exempted from heavy work
The expectant mother observes certain taboos/avoiding certain foods people/places regulations.
The expectant mother is given special food
The expectant mother is checked occasionally/advised by traditional midwives
prayers/sacrifices/Libations are given for protection/consultation of medicine men/priest etc
Conjugal rights/sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy.
Herbs/medicines is administered to the expectant mother.
there should be no harmful implements in the house/compound where the expectant mothers lives
Expectant mother should not treated cruelly.

6×1= 6mks

c) Ways in which a child learns to be part of the community

The are taught the basic rules/customs.
They are told about the history of the family/clan/community
They are exposed to songs /dances.
By listening to stories/myths/tales/riddles/proverbs/from elders
Playing their roles in society/hunting/collecting fire wood/practically.

5 x 2 = 10Marks.

(a) Methods used by the missionaries to win converts

Use of education- Where the Africans were able to read and write/ read the Bible/catechism.
Use of gifts-Sugar/food/clothes) Charity.
Use of medical assistance/service thus winning the African favour.
Teaching Africans new agricultural skills.
Teaching Africans technical skills.
Construction of worshipping place
Befriending the local rules (e.g chiefs/headmen)
the missionaries learnt the local languages of the people.
they translated parts of the bile Hymns/Creeds into local languages.
They used advanced technology when preaching (radio/newspapers/books etc)
They were friendly in their approach/defended African interests against colonialists.
They encouraged worship in local languages/tolerated certain African interests against colonialists.
They use the local people in the church as elders/lay leaders/priests/catechists.
they rehabilitated feed slaves/outcasts.
they offered employment to converts.
Missionaries denied certain services as an indirect force so as to win converts.

8×2= 16mks

(b) Factors that led to the increase of Christian denomination in Kenya.

Desire to be free from missionary control
Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power
Difference in biblical interpretations/teachings.
Resistance to change by older members of the church
Lack of good example/role model/corruption
Rise of revival movement that emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit/spiritual pride.
Disagreements on the mode of worship (rituals)
Tribalism/clanism/nepotism/sectionalism/Social class/racism
Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
Freedom of worship guaranteed in the Kenyan constitution.
Permissiveness in society.
For material gains/greed/selfishness/money

9×1= 9mks

C.R.E PAPER 131/1-YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME

Promises that God made to Abraham

Abraham would be the father of a great nation/many descendants/many children
Abraham would receive personal blessings-will die in peace
Abraham will receive honour /he will have many descendants.
Abraham will receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
Abraham would receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
All those that bless Abraham would be cursed/God would protect Abraham.
Abraham would be a source of blessings to his descendants/ God will rescue Abraham’s descendants.
Through him all nations of the earth would be blessed.
God would give Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan.
The covenant would be everlasting.
He promised Abraham a son/a heir through his wife Sarah.

5×1=5mks.

Ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites on Mt.Sinai

Thunder and lightning.
Fire/pillar of fire.
Earthquake/the mountain trembled violently.
Sound of trumpet that grew louder and louder.
He spoke to Moses/through the ten commandments/through a voice
Smoke

5×1-5mks

Ways used by kings of Israel to bring the people back to God

Destroyed the altars of God. (i.e Asherah poles)
Set examples to the people by repenting their sins when warned by the prophets of heir wrongdoings by worshipping
Killing the priests of Baal e.g Jehu
Restoring temple worship e.g. David/captured the ark/taking the ark to Jerusalem.
Removal of the covenant/they led the people in renewing their allegiance to Yawheh and the Sinai covenant e.g. Jehu and Josiah they renewed Jewish festivals.
Repaired the temple/they made God’s dwelling place presentable and accorded it its due respect Hezekiah/build a temple e.g. Solomon.
Destroyed the bronze serpent that Moses had made during the exodus for the Israelites had began worshipping it they burnt incense to it (Hezekiah of Judah 2 Kings 18:3)
They did not form political alliances with neighbouring kings thus demonstrating to the people that God was to be completely trusted.

5×1=5mks

Ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their sinfulness He still loved them

Hosea preached that the punishment was for the purpose of restoration /God would destroy Israel but he would restore them to their former glory.
Hosea told them that those who accept God’s punishment and endure it would receive his mercy.
Hosea told them that God would forgive their sins and would not remember them.
Hosea condemned idol worship and………..showing that God required faithfulness from the Israelites at all time/ God required total faithfulness.
The remarrying of….by Hosea symbolized restoration thus the people were further assured of God’s promise.
Change in the names of Hosea’s children showed for the people of Israel.

5×1=5mks.

Events which took place the night Jesus was born

There was census/Jesus parents went to Bethlehem for the census
No room was available for Mary and Joseph to retire for the night/went to the cattle shed
Shepherds were looking after the flocks
Angels visited the shepherds and the magi to announce the birth/angels sang/glorified God
The visitation of the shepherds and the magi to the place Jesus was (Bethlehem) /Brought gifts/glorified God. (5mks)

Ways which John the Baptist prepared the way for the Mess

- Was a forerunner of Christ/prepared the way for the coming of the messiah
- Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
- Witnessed that Jesus was the messiah/lamb of God/son of God / the introduced Jesus to the crowd.
- Introduced Jesus to his disciples.
- Two of his disciples became Jesus disciples
- Preached repentance and forgiveness of sins/baptized those who repented .
- Warmed people of God’s coming judgment
- He acknowledged Jesus’ greatness /ascendancy over him
- Advised people to live Holy lives/do what is right /share with other

(5mks)

Lessons learnt about the nature of Jesus from when he casted out a demon from a man

Taught with authority
Jesus is the Holy one of God/divine/Messiah/son of God
He had power over demons/evil spirits/Satan
He has concern and love for people
He had power over Sabbath/He is the hard of Sabbath
He is courageous
He was a teacher
His human nature is clear/ was from Nazareth.

Lessons Christians learn from the parable of the prodigal son

Christian should be ready to forgive one another
Should repent ones sins
Sin do separate us from God the source of true happiness
There is rejoice in heaven/angels rejoice over repentant sinners
Should not feel self-righteous
Christians should accept/welcome repentant sinners
Sin makes us loose human dignity
Christians should not place their trust in materials wealth

Characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ

Called/chosen by Christ himself/commissioned by Christ
Witness to Jesus’ teachings
Ready to suffer persecutions/tribulations/suffering for Christ’s sake
Practice self-denial
Should live Christ like life.
Should be filled by Holy spirit
Preach the goodness/others about Christ
One had to be a disciple of Christ
Should go through baptism in the Holy trinity/baptize others.

Why Christians should live in a community
- To profess/proclaim their faith
- To encourage and strengthen one another in the Lord/praying/worship together
- To become a new people of God/ spirit of brotherhood/separate themselves from non believers
- To emulate Christ who lived with his disciples
- To share their material belonging/assist the needy/solve problems together
- To dedicate themselves fully to God’s work/ to fellowship together.

Missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890-1904

Church Missionary society (CMS)- Kabete 1904
Holy Ghost Fathers 1890-91 (Mombasa)
African Inland Mission (Kangundo 1902)
Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Kibwezi 1893
SDA-Seventh Day Adventist
Friends African Mission/Qauakers (Kaimosi 1903)
LutheranChurch
Consolate Fathers (Tutho And Nyeri 1902

Factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian Church in Kenya.

Wanted to express Christianity in an African way
Wanted greater role in the leadership and administration of the church/desirable leadership/prominence.
Missionaries condemned the African cultures such as polygamy/female circumcision
The literate African were able to read the Bible and made better interpretation/became enlightened thus felt the need to change.
Bible translation created a desire to worship god in African way
Realised that there was little or no difference between the missionaries and colonialists
Wanted freedom from European domination
Africans were not happy with the missionaries condemnation of their religious beliefs.

The role of a Diviner

Predicts future occurrences
Warns against future calamities
Advises counsels/guides on various issues
Intercedes in times of calamities
Heals those with various diseases and ailments
Mediates between god/ ancestral/spirit and the people
Judge/ presides over various cases in the community
Interprets messages from the spirit world
Comforts the sick and the depressed in the community

5 x1= 5mks

Factors which led to the coming of missionaries to Kenya.

The rise of revival movements in Europe
To win more Christian converts to the Christian faith
To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade
Improve the living standards of Africans
Obeying Jesus Christ’s command of evangelizing the whole world
To settle freed slaves
Population pressure in Europe
To Introduce medical services
To civilize the Africans
To introduce formal education
The respect given by early explorers 5×1=5mks

Obstacles to affective church influence in the social life of the community

There is power struggle within the churches/disunity/wrangles.
Some church leaders/lay Christian involve themselves is sexual immorality) e.g adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, lesbianism.)
Inadequate training of some church leader/lack of training.
Rise of self-styled apostles/preachers who bring confusion to believers
Mismanagement/misappropriation of church funds/resources by some church leaders.
Some members have a ‘Holier than thou’ attitude/ self righteousness/individualism.
Partiality treatment of church members is based on materialism /education /social status
Negative influence from science and technology
Lack of finance for effective evangelization
Introduction of ideologies (e.g devil worship/cults/communist/socialism)

African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today.

Use of vernacular in worship
Use of traditional musical instruments (drums, kayamba)
Use of body movements (e.g dancing, clapping /jumping)
Shaking of hands/hugging
Responding to prayers in unison/congregational involvement/ liturgical recitations
Spontaneous prayer
Performing cleansing rituals
Adopting family/ individual names at baptism.
Giving offerings in kind /agricultural produce
Use of African texture and design in dressing
Building churches using traditional African architectural styles.
Singing using traditional tunes and melodies.

Ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time

Organise/attend religious seminar/conference
Visit/ pray of the sick/prisoners
Participate in church choir/concerts
Offer/give free services to the aged
Read religious literature (e.g. bible, Christian pamphlets, newsletters, magazines)
Keep the church and its environment clean
Have fellowship with other Christian / Pastoral care
Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy
Provide guidance and counseling to the community
Preach the word of god
Visit relatives and friends
Be with your family
Listen to Christian preaching/songs on the radio
Watch Christian films/videos.

5×1=5mks

Ways through which the church can promote self employment in modern society.

Open more technical institute for masons, carpenters, electricians
Provide guidance and counseling for positive attitude towards work/dignity of work
Enhancing a sense of responsibility in work.
Giving them assistance in obtaining the equipment to staff small scale enterprises (e.g. sewing machines, tool boxes)
Help them final market for the finished products
Organise in-service courses for the self employed to improve the quality of the their products
Organise communal self help projects
Help them in obtaining premises for their business.

5×1=5mks

Role Christian can play in national elections

By praying for fair/free and just /peaceful elections
Being employed at various levels in and out of polling stations
Being committed in playing different roles.
Being honest/not fearing intimidation/persecution
Casting one’s vote
Educating the masses on their civil rights/ obligations
Financing / assisting the government in facilitating smooth and fair elections.
Avoiding situations of confrontations with the government of the day.

5×1=5mks

How a Christian can show respect for life today.

Care for / conserve the environment (e.g. planting trees/grass/flowers)
Avoiding pollution of water, air and land/through proper disposal of waste.
Caring for the less fortunate members of the society/helping the needy.
Condemning abortion.
Discouraging capital punishment
Practicing responsible parenthood/ discouraging child abuse.
Sharing natural resources with those who are unfortunate
Discouraging capital punishment
Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.

5×1= 5mks

C.R.E PAPER II (313/2) – YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME

1a)

The people persecuted the prophet of Yahweh.
The kings led the people in idol worship. E.g. Jeroboam

The kings were god chosen/they forced their way onto the throne.

The people rejected the message of the true prophets like Elijah/Elisha/Amos.
The people refused to repent when given the opportunity/when called to repentance.
The people didn’t destroy the Canaanite temples but took to worshipping both Yahweh and the Canaanite gods in these temples.

The rulers/kings did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
The kings built temples for idol worship.

They formed political alliance with neighboring nations instead of trusting Yahweh totally.
The kings propagated injustice where the poor were denied justice e.g ahab and Naboth
Sexual immorality the people engaged in immoral activities at the temple /cult prostitution

They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh.
The judges were corrupt. They took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly convicted.

Jezebel swore to Kill Elijah the way he had killed the prophets of Baal.

Elijah got afraid and fled in Bathsheba after killing the prophets of Baal.
He was discouraged and despaired /he felt lonely.

He got depressed and prayed for death.

He walked for 40 days and nights to Mount Horeb/Sinai
When he arrived at Mt. Horeb Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus God rebuked him
Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had achieved nothing

He walked for 40 days and nights to MountHoreb /Sinai
When he arrived at Mt.Horeb, Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus god rebuked him

Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had a achieved nothing.
He had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.
After proposing the thre-year drought he lived in fera

Elijah underestimated his ability in calling back the people back to Yahweh.
He was accused by King Ahab as the trouble maker of Israel.
He had to defend his religion to prove that Yahweh was a true God.

Human suffering which hinders people from accepting the message of hope
Lack of cooperation from the congregation

Problems of how to react/relate objectively when their expectations are not met.

Inadequate knowledge on how to deal with various groups/women/youth/choir/rival groups/relatives.
There are temptations to acquire property unjustly.
Difficulties in harmonizing the message of the gospel and innovations of science and technology

Too much time/service is expected out of them
Inability to control/meat their human desires (sexually)

Be in an environment that is hostile/insecure

2a)

God is merciful towards sinners/he gives a chance to repent/come back to him
God forgives all types of sin/(according to Jews such a sin is too big to be forgiven)

Jesus does not condemn sinners/Jesus loves sinners(but hates sins)

We should avoid sinning after being forgiven/those, whose sins are forgiven, should live according to the law of God/live righteously.
We are all sinners. No one is righteous /everyone needs forgiveness.
We should not kill sinners/life is sacred and only God can take it away.

We should be tolerant sinners/ we should love sinners/pray for them/help them to change and turn them to God.

b) Jewish attitudes towards sin.
1. Sinners are outcast; they are not to be mixed with.
2. Sinners are stoned/killed/executed

Sinners are despised/rebuked

Sinners are hated
Sinners are grouped/classified.
Sinners is inherited .

Sin causes ill health/sickness/suffering/ god punished sin.
Only God can forgive sin/no human being can forgive sin.

c) Action church members would take to handle causes of dishonesty.

Find out what problems the members have/reasons for dishonesty.
Help the people to meet their basic needs.

Offering guidance and counseling.

Forgive them
Pray for them
Encourage them to pray.

Report the matter to the authorities/discipline them.
Help the people to set up income generating projects.

Fellowshipping with them
Preach to them.
Setting a good-example for them to emulate

Delegating duties to responsible persons
Teaching them to live responsibly
Encourage them to avoid situations which could lead them to dishonesty

3a) The conversation of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in Acts of the Apostles 9:1-19

Saul was on his way to Damascus to persecute Christians
A strange light stuck him and the voice of the lord said “saul why do you persecute me?”
Saul recognized the voice of the strange power and asked, “Who are you Lord?”
The men who were traveling with him stood speechless as they heard the voice but saw no one.
Saul was blinded and had to be lead to Damascus.
Saul was blind for three days and stayed without food or drink
The lord spoke to Ananias at Damascus to lay his hands on Saul so that his sight could
Ananias laid his hands on Saul and he regained his sight
Saul was baptized and was filled with Holy spirit.
Ananias also gave him food and Saul was strengthened.

b) Problems which early church faced before conversion of Paul

They were stoned to death /killed.
They were accused falsely.
They were arrested.
They were imprisoned.
They were mistaken for being drunk when they spoke in tongues.
There was unfairness in distribution of foods to widows.
They scattered in fear of persecution.
There was dishonest among some members e.g. Saphira and Ananias.
They were warned/threatened not to use the name of Jesus in their preaching.
They were whipped/beaten
They were persecuted/oppressed.

c) Reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity.

To have eternal life in heaven.
To enter God’s kingdom on earth.
To turn away from sins/seek forgiveness/receive salvation.
To enjoy god’s covenant/enter God’s covenant relationship
To be the light/salt of the world.
To acquire a new identity.
To escape judgment/fire in hell/punishment.

4a) Reasons why idleness is condemned.

God ordained work/human beings were given the responsibility of looking after God’s creation.
Jesus condemned idleness in his ministry in the parable of the talents
Idleness may lead to antisocial activities e.g. stealing, drinking, irresponsible sexual behaviour
Idleness leads to poverty/inability to meet one’s basic needs
Jesus worked and so endorsed dignity of work.
Idleness is a failure to glorify God.
Idleness dehumanizes individuals.
Christians should emulate Jesus’ example of hard work
Idleness is a health hazard e.g. obesity, heart attack.
Idleness is a rebellion against God’s intention for human beings.
Idleness retards the development of God giving talents.

b) Factors that have let to unemployment in Kenya.
The growth rate of Kenya’s economy is lower than the population growth
Inadequate land for those who want to self employed in agriculture sector

Inadequate funds to start economic ventures

Adoption of lifestyles that do not promote development e.g. drug addiction, laziness.
The great part of Kenya is low potential
Wrong attitude instilled in the youth by the society/the youth think they should only do the white collar jobs.

Poor job distribution where some people hold more than one job.
Policies that allow foreigners to take up jobs which would have been performed by Kenyans.

Low investment ability due to debt crisis and conditions set by donor countries.
Application of redundancy practices by both the government and the private sector i.e (retrenchment)
Liberalization of market which has led to the influx of cheap goods thus leading to closure of some industries.

Corruption/nepotism/tribalism.

c) Steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem of unemployment.
Employ people as pastors/evangelists/catechist
Has set up youth polytechnics to provide vocational training/skills required for employment.

Sponsors people through scholarships and bursaries to enable them acquire the necessary skills for employment

Church ran training colleges/universities where people are prepared for different careers
Encourage positive attitudes towards all types of jobs/guidance and counseling
Establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities/e.g schools/hospitals

Provides funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects
Sustain self-help groups by helping them to make products and market them thus creating job opportunities. (7mks)

5 a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African Communities.

Giving of bride price/dowry as a token of appreciation to girls/brides family
Exchange of gifts among the family members performed religious rituals/sacrifices/blessings
Held ceremonies /celebrations where food and beer were shared among friend and families.
Exchanged visits by the families of the bride and the groom/exchange of mutual help and services.
Marriage negotiations/discussion were held .
Celebration through songs and dance
Oathing /vowing/pledge of allegiance/ making promises
Virginity of bride to be proved.

b) Why polygamy common in traditional African communities

Many children were viewed as a source of pride/wealth/labour
Effective family planning
To ensure unity/harmony in the community
To acquire wealth through bride price
Children ensured security in old age
The more the children the longer the immortality
To reduce irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
Curb barrenness/childlessness
Ones social status was measured by the number of wives one had
Co-wives worked as a team/boost the man’s wealth
Due to high mortality rate due to epidemics thus one needed to marry many wives
To avoid getting children of one sex
Land was plenty to accommodate large families. (8mks)

c) State the role of parents in a traditional African communities

Creating linkage with the wider community.
Bing role models for their children/set example
Encouraging and directing them to realize their potential self actualization
Enhancing family cohesion unity.
Settling disputes and quarrels that arise in families.
Making decisions on all matters.
Passing on inheritance to their offspring.

6 a) Steps the church is taking in assisting orphans.

Preaching/teaching about individual responsibility towards the orphans.
Organizing for adoption
Advocating for their plight so that the state/other interested parties can take action.
Paying fees/school levies to keep them in school/educational institution.
Assisting them to link with their relatives.
Providing them with rehabilitation centres/homes.
Encouraging them to attend church.
Visiting and encouraging them to feel accepted/empathies with them.
Provision of basic needs to promote good health
Offering employment opportunities to promote self-reliance.
Offering vocational training to equip them understand and cope with the situation.
Protecting them from exploitation/ensuring that their property is safe pray for them.

b) Factors that prevent effective church cooperation in Kenya

Different interpretations of the bible/ beliefs/holier than though attitude.
Differences due to historical legacy based on foundation principles/origin.
Competition to win more converts to supersede the others.
Lack of equity in resources which make some churches more developed than others hence uneasy relationship.
Greed to lead which makes the various levels of leadership uncooperative .
Differences due to political inclination whereby some churches are prostate/non-commital /opposed.
Discrimination due to training and experience.
Differences in the acquisition of church wealth.
Differences arising from appointment of women as preachers
Differences due to the issue of acceptable Christian norms.

c) Ways in which the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries

promoted the spread of the gospel

Treating those with hearing problems enabled Africans to hear gospel.
Treating those with sight problems enabled Africans to read the word
Giving food at the health centers to promote good health
Health centers served as the initial homes of freed slaves so the missionaries had access to people to preach to.
Through the use of modern medicine the people were discouraged from visiting witch doctors/African specialists.
At the health centres, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word.
Health centers, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the word
The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff0 with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff) with the Africans removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
The medical staff who were also missionaries prayed for the sick thus showing love/concern. This motivated Africans to accepted the gospel.

Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313/ 2001

Versions of the Bible used by Churches in Kenya.
Revised standard version
Living Bible

Amplified Bible

New Bible
New International version
King James Version.

The Gideon International
New English Bible.

Common Bible
Good News Bible.

5×1=5mks

God’s characteristics revealed to Moses during the renewal of the covenant .

Exodus 34: 1-28

Compassionate/Merciful/full of pity.
Slow to anger.
Loving/Kind/Intimate/Personal.
Faithful/firm/fulfill his promises/Restores.
Just/Punisher/fair.
Powerful/Omnipotent/almighty.
Jealous

5×1=5mks.

Reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king, 1 Sam 8:6-18

They would be rejecting God as their unseen King/ruler.
Their sons would be recruited forcefully into the army.

There would be forced labour

The people would be enslaved.
The king would grab their land/property/maid/servant.
There would be over-taxation.

Their would loose their identify as a covenant people/Idolatry.
Their daughter will be made Mandy in the royal houses.

Hereditary kingship would lead to oppression/dictatorship

5×1=5mks

Problems prophet Jeremiah encountered.
He was arrested
He faced death threats from the people.

The scroll was burnt by King Jehoiakin.

He was thrown into a eastern/stared/well
He had difficulties in convincing the people that his message was true/from Yahweh/faced opposition.
He was beaten.

He was insulted/referred/to as a traitor/mocked/ ridiculed
He was barred from going to the temple.

He was put in prison/ butted cell/ dungeon/detained

5×1=5mks

Actions that took place during the presentations of Jesus in the temple.

Lk 2:21-40

Jesus parents offered a sacrifice two turtle, doves (sin offering purification)
Simeon took the child into his arms.

He praised God/gave thanks.

He prophesied about Jesus mission.
The parents of Jesus marveled at Simeon’s prophecy.
Prophets Anna thanked God/Prayed for the child.

She prophesied that Jesus was the redeemer of Jerusalem.
Simeon blessed Jesus parents.

Jesus was dedicated/Redeemed.
Simeon was led by the Holy spirit

5×1 = 5mks

Teaching of Jesus about John the Baptist. Lk: 7:24-35
John the Baptist is a prophet/last prophet.
He is the greatest of the prophets

He was prophesied about in the scriptures.

He was to prepare the way for Christ /messenger/foreman/precursor.
He was referred to as Elijah.
He did not take wine/He was a Nazarene

He fasted.
He dwelt in the wilderness.

Jesus said that people referred to John, as demon possessed
The least in the Kingdom of God is greater than John .

5×1=5mks

Lessons Christian learn from the raising of Jairus daughter Lk 8:40-56
Jesus gives life/power over death/there is life after death/death /death is temporary sleep.
Faith is necessary for healing

Christian should approach/seek God with humility

Christian should be persistent in making requests
God answers requests/Christians should turn to God for their needs.
God visits his people in their places/He is available.

Christians should be patient/avoid desperation.
Jesus brings hope/Joy/compassionate/Sympathetic.

Jesus is the savior Messiah/Son of God .

5×1=5mks

Reasons why it was difficult for the disciples to believe that Jesus had resurrected.

They have witnessed his death and burial
The report about the resurrected Christ was brought by women who were despised
The disciples expected a glorious triumphant political Messiah/not one that would die/suffering Messiah
They lacked faith.
There was conflicting message/information about the resurrection/He’s stolen
The tomb was heavily guarded by the Roman soldiers/A big rock.
They were ignorant of the divine nature of Jesus.
Influence from their historical background on resurrection/never happened.

5×1= 5mks

Ways through which the early Christians were persecuted.

They were imprisoned
They were stoned to death e.g. Stephen
Not allowed to preach in public
They were denied access to the temple
They were beheaded.
They were beaten /flogged/tortured
They were ridiculed/mocked/ despised
They were insulted/abused.
They were thrown to wild animals
They were crucified .
They were thrown into boiling oil
Any other forms of persecution which are relevant/poisoned/stripped naked/slavery/exiled/thrown out by family(Rejection) Banished

5×1=5mks.

Spiritual gift given to the Church according to Saint Paul 1 Cor 12: 7-11.

Wisdom

Faith
Knowledge
Healing
Performing miracles
Prophecy
Distinguishing between spirits
Interpretation of tongues
Speaking in tongues

5×1= 5mks

Reasons why Africans accepted Christianity in Kenya between 1844-1914

They had a call from God/Inspiration
They hoped for internal gain (Education, European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
They wanted to identify with Europeans/European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
They were forced into the mission stations by their local leaders thus got converted.
The misfits/outcasts in Africa communities found refuge in missions stations and hence got converted/stopping slave trade/orphans/widows.
There were those who were curious about the new faith/pealing
There were those who wanted to enhance their social status/prestige/superiority/equality.
Some of Traditional belief talked with Christian teaching
Bible translocation

(5×1=5mks)

Ways through which the missionaries used to increase African participation in the Church in Kenya between 1940 1960.

Training of AfricanChurch leaders both locally and abroad (St. Pauls theological College, Limuru, St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary).
Appointing African to leadership positions e.g. Catechist/Priest
Establishing local parishes/Dioceses.
Incorporating African culture practices in worship e.g. clamping hands/tunes
Adopting African attire e.g. way of dressing by clergy.
Using African architectural styles in the construction of Churches.
Use of African languages in worship/translation of bible into local language
Allowing interaction between of different denominations/ecumenism
Offering special privileges to Church leaders e.g. given a good house. 5×1=5mks

Reasons why observance of blood kinship is important in tradition African societies.

Prevents the spread of hereditary diseases
Provides a wide source of material help in case of need.
Provides unlimited source of advice to the members/Guidance & counseling
Promotes harmonious living as related people respect each other.
Serves as a check on one’s behavior/interrelationships/Discipline
Provides a wide source of security to members/belonging
Prevents incestuous behavior/marriages
Helps maintain the culture of the people (religion, customs, traditions, beliefs) marriage
Helps members to face challenges together /hardships/moral support.

5×1=5mks

Reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African societies

It ensures increase of labour force.
It provides for community continuity/immortality.
It enhances the social status of the family
It cements the relationships between the coupes/the families
It removes ridicule on the mother/father
Provides an opportunity for the people to give thanks to God/and the ancestors.
Provides a chance for the family to get together and celebrate
Provides a source of wealth
Provides a source of security.
Children are blessing in a marriage

5×1=5mks

Belief about the nature of God in traditional African society.

He is everywhere/omnipresent.
He is all powerful/omnipotent/Almighty/controller.
He is loving
He punishes evil/he’s just
He is all knowing/omniscient
He is the source of all things/the creator.
He is caring /provides/Generous/blessing
He’s impartial.
He’s transcendent/beyond/supreme/high above/as pint.
He’s immincint/Near/amount
He’s everlasting.

Ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world

Through pouring/making libations
By offering sacrifices.
Through prayers.
Through the naming of children
Through the naming of children
Through divination of children
Through dreams/visions
By singing /dancing
By invoking/ chanting/calling/incantation/salutation
Giving offerings

5×1=5mks.

Reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit.

It provides material/economic/support to family members.
It provides emotional/psychological/Christian growth to family members/Christian growth.
It ensures security to family members.
It ensures that members learn/maintain discipline
It provides a conducive environment for procreation/continuity of society
It ensures that members become responsible
It is the foundation of the society.
It was instituted by god/No divorce

5×1=5mks

Effects of irresponsible sexual behavior

Promote spread of sexually transmitted diseases
Increase mental disorders e.g. rape victim.
Unwanted children/Abortion /street children/unwanted pregnancies
Irresponsible parenthood
Increase of poverty cases/wastage/misuse of resources
It leads to deaths e.g aids
It leads to loss of status in society.
It causes disagreements the family/divorce/separation
It leads to one facing legal consequences/imprisonment
It leads to single parenthood.
It leads to forced/early marriages
It leads to school dropout

5×1=5mks.

How Christian show love in famine stricken people.

Praying for them
Providing them with food and water clothes i.e sharing .
Initiating/funding projects to help them become self reliant food production.
Sanitizing people on the plight of the affected cases.
Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.
Supporting their self help projects.
Providing medical facilities/care.
Providing basic education/skills/training
Providing basic education/skills/training
Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then
Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then.
Providing personal care/visiting them.

5×1=5mks

Ways through which a Christian can help reduce corruption in Kenya today.
Pray for the corrupt people to change
Being a role model/avoiding taking part in corrupt practices

Preaching to the people on the ills of the corruption/Guiding

Report incidences of corruption to the relevant authority
Encourage people to adhere to the stipulated laws/procedures/regulations.
Publish books/magazines/newsletters on negative effects of corruption

Organise seminars/conferences/workshops for people to discuss solutions to end corruption out/. Teach people of their rights.
Campaigning for better salaries to workers

Choosing/electing honest leaders.
Carry out/establish the causes of corruption.

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2001

a) Promises of God to David through Prophet Nathan
He would be the greatest king/Leader in Israel/ great name.
God would protect Israel from oppression/give Israel peace during his rule

Protect David from his enemies

He would keep the kingdom strong for his sons descendants/the son will be king
Bury him with his ancestors
David’s house would rule forever/everlasting dynasty

David and his descendants would be blessed forever always
The Messiah would come from David’s lineage

God would punish David’s sons when they did wrong just as a father punishes a son.
God would always support him
David’s son Solomon would build a temple for God

God would give Israel their own land.

(8×1=8mks)

b) Factors that led to the failure of David’s successors

They shed innocent blood
They were oppressive in their rule (forced labour/heavy taxation/bribery)
They married foreign wives
They built temples/shrines for idols
They were unfaithful/ dishonest
They did not tell people who God was
They were disobedient to God
They did not rule according to the law of Moses
They did not listen to the prophets
They worshipped both God and idols/syncretism/worshipped idols
They sought alliances with neighboring states instead of relying of God.

(7×1=7mks)

c) Factors that prevent political leaders from performing their duties efficiently
Ridicule from members of the society
Inability to live up to the expectations of the electorate/promises made

Women leaders are discriminated against/looked down upon

Lack of training in leadership skills/poor looked down upon
Divisions/conflicts within/between the parties
Lack of adequate forum to meet/address their electorate

Insecurity funds to initiate development projects help their electorate
Differing/conflicting ideologies resulting in divisive decisions.

Inadequate funds to initiate development projects help their electorate.
Personal differences
Inadequate infrastructure

Cultural/religious barriers/tribal/ethnic/racial corruption (4×2=8)

a) Problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian exile

They lacked adequate food/famine
Adapting to a new environment
Following/keeping the Babylonian laws
They suffered from various diseases and ailments
Some of them were executed
They suffered from various diseases and ailments
Some of them were executed
They were turned into refugees in Egypt; Moab, Edom, Ammon, etc
They were not united
There religious loyalty to God was undermine
They were not united
Their religious loyalty to God was undermined
They lacked places for worship/religious festivals
They were influenced into idolatry
There were false prophets. (8×1=8mks)

b) Conditions of restoration as preached by prophet Ezekiel

They should maintain justice/make fair judgment
They should not worship idols
They should not worship God at shrines set up in high places
They should not commit sexual immorality/adultery/fornication
There should be no oppression of the poor /others
They should keep pledges ad return what is taken unfairly
There should be no robbery/theft
They should give food to the hungry
They should provide clothes for the naked
They should not lend at interest/take excessive increase
They should obey God’s commands/statutes/ordinances
They should repent/seek forgiveness. (8×1=8mks)

c) How Christians promote harmony between the church and state
Encourage the faithful to obey the rulers
Allowing the rulers to become leaders in the church/inviting them to the church

Preaching/condemning evils in the society

Advising the political leaders on the correct ways of administering
Supporting state related projects
Participating in reforming laws governing the country

Promoting the positive image of the country/highlighting the positive activities of the state
Working jointly with the state when calamities occur/helping the need

Participating in elections of leaders
Paying taxes
Praying for God’s intervention

Contributing to participation in national development activities (education, health, self-help, etc)

(7×1=7mks)

3 a) How Jesus fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy

He bore the sins of the human race
He delivered Israel by dying on the cross/crucified
He submissively bore suffering and disgrace
He was despised and rejected
He was a man of sorrow/grief
He was pieced/wounded
He appeared before the Sanhedrin/Pilate for judgment
He was pieced/wounded
He was crucified with the thieves
He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
Through him God’s everlasting Kingdom was established
He was without sin/holy
Through Jesus many have been forgiven/saved.
Jesus was exalted/made great
Jesus was born of a virgin/divine birth/Holy spirit
He was of the lineage of David
He was a wonderful counselor/prince of peace/Emmanuel
He established justice on earth
He was Almighty
Jesus said he had come to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah
He was filled with the Holy spirit.

(8×2=12mks)

3 b) Ways through which the power of God was seen in the early church

They were able to pray together/fellowship
They lived together

They shared meals in their homes/breaking of the bread

They performed miracles/healing/exorcising/raising the dead
They persevered persecutions/humbled themselves
They had courage/were bold/they condemned evil

They were able to speak in tongues/interpret languages
They were able to solve problems/conflicts amicably

They sold their property for the common good/shared property
They laid hands on the converts
They baptized the new converts

They appointed leaders/deacons
They distributed food to the widows/orphans

(8×1 8mks)

c) The importance of baptism of Jesus to Christians today
Christians are baptized to identify with Jesus
It unites Christians as members of one body

It unites Christians as members of one body

It is a sign of death and resurrection of Jesus
Signifies a new life/change of status
Use of water is symbolic as a leaser.

Signifies the complete forgiveness of sins
It makes them children of God

It marks the beginning of personal commitment to God
Prepare Christians for the heavenly Kingdom
It gives one a sense of belonging to a Christian community

It confirmed that Jesus was the son of God/Messiah/Divinity of Jesus

(5mks)

4 a) Reasons why the Pharisees were referred to as hypocrites by Jesus

They considered themselves self-righteous
They despised others/looked down upon others
They lacked humility/exalted themselves
They knew the commandments but did not apply them appropriately (observed them for their own gain/they were shy)
They followed Jesus with an intention of finding faults/trapping him
They followed rules made by human beings/traditions of elders opposed to God’s rule.
They emphasized the outward cleanliness as opposed to purity of heart
They altered the Law of Moses to suit their selfish motives
They were a bad influence to the people /misled others
Their effect on the people was hidden yet wide spread (like yeast in the dough)

(5mks)

b) Lessons from the parable of the wheat and tares

Be aware that the word of God has been planted in them by Jesus/God’s word is good
They are living in the world together (the good and the bad)
They ought to follow Jesus’ teachings
Bad people love evil
They ought to be aware that Satan plants bad seeds
On judgment day, the good and the bad will be separated
On judgment day, the good will be rewarded and the bad will be punished
Satan does not want human beings to prosper in God’s word
Satan comes/invades secretly
Christians should not be quick to condemn others/god is patient with sinners
Good/righteous ones belong to God’s kingdom/the evil belong to the devil

c) Duties given to the apostles of Jesus

Preaching the Good News
Baptizing the converts
Healing the sick/casting out demons
Evangelizing/spreading the kingdom of God/witnessing
Performing miracles e.g. raising of the dead
Counseling/teaching the converts
Laying of hand to impart power/praying

(5mks)

5a) Activities carried out in traditional African communities to ensure newly born baby is safe.

Baby is born in a secure/clean place (parent’s house)
Baby’s birth is first announced to family members

Placenta/umbilical cord is disposed off in a secret place (uncultivated field/banana plantation)

Prayers/sacrifices/libations are offered for the well being of the baby and mother
The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
Baby is cleaned using medicinal herb solutions/treatment by medicine men/witch doctor/shaving

Baby mother stayed in seclusion for a number of days
Baby/mother are given specific nutritious food to promote good health

Mother takes medicinal herbs to ensure good health for both
The baby is delivered by an expert/midwife
The baby is given a name

b) Ways through which youth are taught to be responsible
Through participation alongside adults
Through watching adults perform duties/observations

By being told stories/proverbs/maxims/riddles/singing songs relating to duty

By imitating adults/role play/imitation
By inculcating fear verbally
Through giving deterrent punishment for failure

Through apprenticeship
By rewarding/reinforcing the duty performed

They were given instructions during initiation
Through guidance and counseling

(7mks)

c) Role of a grandfather in traditional African society
He was a role model
He guided and counseled family members

He was a source of valuable knowledge/wisdom experience/traditions

He was consulted on matters affecting the family/society
He has a link between the living and the dead
He was a custodian of the morals/values of the community

He made decisions for the family/decision maker
He taught/provided entertainment by telling stories/riddles/singing songs

He officiated in some family rituals/ceremonies
He prescribed punishment for evildoers/disciplined evil doers
He controlled family resources.

(8mks)

6a) Methods used by early missionaries

Providing them with education/training
Providing them with jobs/employment

Inviting them to join the church and serve as priests, catechists, sisters etc

Preaching against/discouraging some traditional practices
Providing them with medical facilities/care
Introducing new (crop/house/clothes) modern technology/agriculture.

Introducing self-help projects (water)
Introducing new means of transport/communication/infrastructure

Providing homes for the freed slaves/destitute.

(7mks)

b) Reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity
In order to promote oneness of Christ
To promote the teachings of Christ

To share the scarce resources/minimize expenses

In order to achieve effective evangelism/ministry
In order to adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in worship
To prevent the formation of splinter groups/cults

To reduce the internal wrangling
In order to have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society (education/constitutional review/medical care

c) Ways Christian serve God

Preaching/teaching the word of God/dedications (priests/nuns/sister) participation in choir
Be feeding the hungry/relief food
Taking care of the sick/visiting the sick
Praying/ fasting for God’s peace in the world
Contributing to church/charitable organizations
By paying taxes/tithing
Taking care of the environment/working in the church
Providing homes for the needy/adopting orphans
Paying fees for the needy/Providing education
Being just and fair in giving services
Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 313/ 2002

Five actions from the life of Abraham which show his faith in God Genesis 12,

15,17, 19, 22

(i) He left his home/ family / kindred/ kinsmen ( Gn. 12: 4-5)

(ii) He circumcised his sons/ male members 17: 23- 24

(iii) He was ready to sacrifice his son Isaac 22: 1- 12

(iv) He built altars in honour of God 12: 7- 8

(v) He made sacrifices to God 12: 7- 8, 15: 9, 10 22: 13-14

(vi) He accepted the change of his name that of his wife 17: 5-6, 15 -6

He entered a covenant with God Gn 17, 18

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Values Christians can learn from the call of Moses Ex. 3-4:18

(i) Humility (action demonstrating the value of humility) Ex 3: 4

(ii) Courage 3:3

(iii) Faith / Trust 3: 17

(iv) Love/ concern/ care/ mercy/ pity 3:710/ security/ needs/ protector

(v) Honesty

(vi) Obedience 4: 18/ follow

Reverence/ respect/ honour 3:6
Service
Holiness Ex 3: 5
Inquisitiveness/ keenness/ knowledge
Persistence/ patience
Justice ( punishing Egyptians) (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Duties of Samuel
- Anointed the first two kings of Israel ( Saul and David)
- Judged the people
- Foretold God’s plan for the future/ What would happen to Israelites/ kings
- Reminded the people of God’s Ways
- Acted as a mediator between God and the people
- Condemned social injustice
- Brought to the King’s attention their mistakes ( Saul)
- Condemned Idolatry/ preached monotheism
- Offered sacrifice

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Expectations that the Jews had concerning the messiah
- He would conquer nations/ military ruler
- He would rule the world/ earthly king/ political leaders
- He would avenge the enemies of Israel/ punish the Romans
- He would be a descendant of David / Royal/ rich
- He was to set up a powerful kingdom of the Israelites/ make them prosperous
- Would appear in Jerusalem full of glory
- He was to appear/ come after the return of Elijah
- He was to perform miracles ( might deeds)
- He would not associate with the poor/ sinners/ gentiles/ outcasts

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature
- Walking on water Mt. 14: 22- 34, M k 6: 45, Jn 15: 21
- Calming the storm Mt. 8: 25 – 27 Mk 4: 35 – 46, Lk 8: 22- 25
- Feeding of the Five thousand Mt 14:13- 27, Mk 6: 14- 26
- Miraculous catch of fish
- Changing water into wine Jn 2: 1- 12
- Cursing the fig tree
- Healing the man born blind John 9: 1 – 34

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Five teachings from the parable of wheat and tares Mt 13: 24- 30, 36 – 46

(i) Sinners belong to the devil

(ii) The righteous belong to God

(iii) both will face judgment on the last day

(iv) There is punishment for sinners

(v) The righteous will be rewarded

(vi) Sinners should be given time to repent

(vii) Satan is an enemy of God/ his people

(viii) Angles are actively involved in God’s work

(ix) Good and evil coexists in the world

(x) Christians should strive to overcome evil

(xi) Christians should not judge others ( discriminations)

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Actions which show that Jesus loved the needy

(i) He called ordinary people to be his disciples

(ii) Healed the sick

(iii) He fed the hungry

(iv) He preached the good news

(v) He visited the lonely/ consoled

(vi) Mixed with sinners/ outcasts/ lowly

(vii) Died for sinners

(viii) Forgave the sinners

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why resurrections of Jesus is important to Christians

(i) It is the basis of their faith/ confirms Christians faith/ foundation

(ii) It gives them hope for eternal life/ confirms there is life after death

(iii) Through it, death has been conquered/ overcome

(iv) Confirms Jesus as the son of God/ messiah/ savior

(v) It gives Christians courage to face suffering/ death/ persecution

(vi) Led to the coming of the holy Spirit

(vii) It is the basis of Christian teaching

(viii) It is a fulfillment of Jesus promises to his disciples prophecies

(ix) Confirms that Jesus is alive

(x) Confirms that Christians will resurrect in a new body form

(xi) Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which Peter’s life transformed on the day of Pentecost Acts 2: 1- 42

(i) He was filled with the power of the Holy spirit

(ii) Spoke in tongues

(iii) was courageous/ bold

(iv) Preaches the word/ testified

(v) Remembered scriptures of the Old Testament

(vi) Made wise decisions/ advised the people

(vii) He baptized new converts/ got saved

(viii) He led the other disciples/ spokesman

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Christians in the early church prayed

(i) To thank God/ gratitude

(ii) To show respect to God/ fellowship with God

(iii) In obedience to Christ’s teaching

(iv) To overcome temptations/ persecutions/ for protection

(v) To ask God for their daily needs/ blessings

(vi) In order to sustain the unity of the believers/ growth of the church

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Duties of children to the elderly in traditional African Communities

(i) Respect them

(ii) Assist them with daily chores/ help

(iii) Listen to/ follow their wise counsel/ advise

(iv) Undertake errands for them/ obey

(v) Visit them

(vi) Keep them company

(vii) Feed them/ look after them/ protect

(viii) Entertain them

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African communities

(i) To ensure secrecy of the information known

(ii) As a binding symbol of members of the communities/ unite the parties concerned

(iii) To ensure compliance to the social norms

(iv) To deter people from telling lies

(v) To link the living with the dead/ ancestors

(vi) To prepare the parties for tasks e.g. war, leadership

(vii) To make people remain loyal to each other/ group

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African communities

(i) When sickness/ death occurred frequently/ bewitch

(ii) When there was disaster/ calamities catastrophes/ drought/ outbreak of disease

(iii) During marriage ceremonies

(iv) During cleansing rituals/ sacrifices

(v) Before embarking on war/ raiding expeditions

(vi) Before initiation rites took place

(vii) During pregnancy/ cases of difficult child birth/ bareness

(viii) When there were serious disputes/ dilemma/ disagreements

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry

(i) Poverty/ economic hardships

(ii) Breakdown of social organization

(iii) Interference from Christian religious beliefs

(iv) Greed to parties concerned/ commercialization

(v) Intermarriage practices

(vi) Change of values/ modern education/ Western culture

(vii) Urbanization/ migration

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Problems faced by Christian missionaries

(i) Inadequate finance

(ii) Poor transport system/ infrastructure

(iii) Language barriers

(iv) Diverse customs/ traditions

(v) Suspicion/ rivalry among Christians religious cults, rejection

(vi) Insecurity/ instability

(vii) Greed/ corruption/ social evils

(viii) Inadequate theological training

(ix) Failure to lead exemplary lives

(x) Negative influence of the mass media/ effects of science & technology

(xi) Hostile climate conditions- diseases

Ways in which unity is promoted in the church

(i) Joint prayer meetings/ worship/ fellowship

(ii) Joint crusades/ preaching/ rallies

(iii) Working together in the production of education materials (syllabus, books etc)

(iv) Provision of medical services

(v) Providing job opportunities/ employment training for Job opportunities

(vi) Taking care of the needy e.g. homes

(vii) Provision of education e.g. schools, universities

(viii) Provision of mass education e.g. civic education/ guidance and counseling

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church

(i) Undermines dignity of the individual/ brings shame/ disrespect

(ii) Undermine the institution of marriages/ not proper marriage/ spoiling marriage

(iii) it is against God’s law

(iv) It can lead to diseases

(v) The children born out of such union, lack identity/ role model/ single parenthood

(vi) It is a sign of lack of commitment/ separation/ easily broken

(vii) It promotes irresponsible sexual behavior

(viii) leads to lack of trust/ honesty

(ix) can lead to abortion/ death

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family

(i) Drains family resources

(ii) Quarrels/ fight in family may occur

(iii) Leads to diseases

(iv) Leads to family break up/ separation/ divorce

(v) It reduces one’s capacity to be productive in the family

(vi) Results in making wrong decisions/ judgments

(vii) Leads to denial of conjugal rights

(viii) Leads to lose of religious values/ morals

(ix) Leads to poor role model for children

(x) Leads to crimes/ imprisonment

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation

(i) It destroys God’s creation

(ii) It leads to desertification/ destruction of catchments areas

(iii) Denies the animals of the natural habitat

(iv) It is motivated by human greed/ selfishness

(v) It is against God’s command/ human beings should take care of the environment

(vi) Results in environmental pollution

(vii) Affects the source of natural/ traditional medicine

(viii) It destroys natural beauty ( flora + fauna)

(ix) Leads to soil erosion degradation

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform process

(i) To exercise their democratic rights/ citizenship

(ii) To ensure that just laws are enact/ avoid

(iii) To ensure that quality leadership is achieved

(iv) It is service to humanity

(v) To improve the quality of life

(vi) It is a sign of accountability

(vii) It shows a sense of unity in nation building/ collective responsibility

(viii) it leads/ helps develop the while persons

(ix) It is an opportunity to infuse Christians principles in the law e.g. freedom of worship.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIANS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2002

(a) The results of sin from the genesis stories of the fall of human beings

(Gen 3: 2 – 11)

(i) All human beings were to die

(ii) Their friendship with God changed to fear/ God withdrew from company

(iii) They experienced shame and guilt/ were ashamed of their nakedness

(iv) Women became subject to man

(v) Human beings would experience pain

(vi) Human beings would have to toil/ struggle in order to eat/ live

(vii) The good relationship between human beings and wild animals was destroyed/ instead enmity between them was created

(viii) The ground was cursed because of them/ produce thorns and thistle

(ix) There was hatred among the children of Adam/ Cain murdered Abel

(x) Human beings became sinful by nature/ developed wicked thoughts

(xi) Human beings days on earth were reduced/ the lifespan was reduced to 120 years

(xii) Misunderstanding arose among human beings/ God confused their language

(xiii) The serpent was condemned to crawling/ eats dust

(xiv) The marriage relationship changed from mutual care to tension

(xv) Human beings were expelled from the Garden of Eden

(xvi) Human being/ animals/ plants were destroyed by the flood

(7 x 2 = 14 mks)

(b) How King Ahab failed to keep the covenant law ( 1 king 21)

(i) He took away/ stole Naboth’s vineyard

(ii) He allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth

(iii) He allowed the murder of Naboth through stoning

(iv) He oppressed the lowly

(v) He considered himself to be above the law/ equated himself with God

(vi) He covered Naboth’s Vineyard

(vii) He jailed to respect the Jews law of land ownership/ inheritance

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(i) It shows love for others

(ii) It creates/ promotes peace

(iii) It is a way of winning converts

(iv) it shows obedience to Christians teachings/ commands

(v) In order to follow the example of Christ

(vi) in order to be forgiven by God

(vii) It strengthens relationship/ tolerance

(viii) It lengthens life/ promotes healthy living

( 6 mks)

(a) Conditions given to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant ( Ex 34)

(i) To obey what God commanded them

(ii) Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going

(iii) To destroy their altars/ smash their sacred stones/ cut down their Asherah

(iv) Not to worship any other god

(v) Not to make idols

(vi) To keep the various feasts e.g. unleavened bread/ feast of weeks/ feast of gathering

(vii) To rest on the Sabbath day

(viii) Not to intermarry with the foreigners

(ix) To dedicate the male first born of God

( 10 mks)

(b) Significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciple ( Lk 9: 28 – 36)

(i) It confirms to them that he was the son of God

(ii) It showed his glory/ holiness

(iii) It showed that he was sent by God to establish a new kingdom on earth

(iv) It proved to them that he was the fulfillment of the law/ prophecy

(v) Revealed to them that he was to die in Jerusalem

(vi) Strengthened the faith of the disciples

(vii) It taught them that they were to obey Jesus

(viii) It revealed to them that there is life after death

(ix) It revealed that Jesus was in communication with God

( 8 mks)

(i) Set aside a day of worship

(ii)Set aside Holy places of worship

(iii) Do not mention his name anyhow

(iv) Living exemplary lives/ keeping the commandments

(v) Pray to him

(vi) Dependant on him for their needs

(vii) Give offering to him

(viii) Praise him for the wonders

(ix) Take care of the environment

(x) Look after the needy

(xi) Preaching/ teaching/ spreading his word

(xii) Worship him

(xiii) Observing Christians rituals e.g. Baptism

(a) How John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah

(i) Preached repentance

(ii) Told soldiers not to rob/ bear false witness/ be content with their wages

(iii) Encouraged people to share with the poor

(iv) Told tax- collectors not to collect what is illegal

(v) Baptized those who repented

(vi) Told them that he was not the messiah

(vii) Preached the good news

(viii) He reprimanded Herod for marrying Herodias his brother’s wife

(ix) Baptized Jesus in river Jordan

(x) Introduced Jesus as Lamb of God

(xi) Told them not to boast about being descendants of Abraham

(xii) Warned people of the coming judgment

( 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus

(i) One needs to be obedient/ immediate responses required

(ii) Humility is required

(iii) Change in lifestyle is mandatory

(iv) One must have faith/ trust in Jesus

(v) There is hope for those who follow Jesus

(vi) Eternal life supersedes earthly riches

(vii) It is God who calls people to serve Him

(viii) God can choose anybody to serve him/ does not discriminate

(ix) God can call Christians from their everyday lives/ Occupations

(x) There is need for repentance / acknowledge one’s sinfulness

(xi) Miracles can happen in one’s everyday life

(xii) Christians should work together/ team work

(xiii) God reveals himself to people in everyday activities/ life situations

( 8 x 1 = 8 mks)

(i) To identify themselves today

(ii) Through baptism they receive the power of the Holy Spirit

(iii) It enables one to become a member of the church

(iv) It is a symbol of death and resurrection

(v) In some churches at baptism Christians get new name/ emulate the qualities of the Saints

(vi) Water in baptism symbolized the washing away of sins

(vii) In accordance to Christ’s teachings/ church tradition

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) Factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the apostolic age

(i) Persecution of Christians

(ii) They were led/guided by the Holy Spirit

(iii) Good Communication/ Infrastructure

(iv) Common language/ Greek

(v) There was peace in the Roma empire

(vi) The Jews in the Diaspora/ dispersion, welcomed the early disciples

(vii) Good system of government with just laws

(viii) Dual citizenship of Paul

(ix) Paul’s strong religious background in the Old Testament which was the basis for the new testament

(x) Paul’s occupation which was a source of income / inspiration to others

(xi) Paul’s celibate status enabled him to be fully committed to the preaching of the gospel

(xii) The miracles/ wonders strengthened the disciples/ new converts faith

(xiii) The great number of converts inspired the others to join the new faith

(xiv) They were empowered by the Holy Spirit

(b) Ways in which the celebration of the Lord ’s Supper was misused at Corinth

(i) They ignored the significance of the feast taken as on ordinary meal

(ii) It led to drunkenness/ disorder less

(iii) It did not unite believers/ created divisions in the church

(iv) It led to the oppression of the poor Christians/ rich showed off

(v) They took it when they were unworthy/ profaned it

(vi) They did not seek God’s blessings/ give thanks

(i) Reminds them of the death and resurrection of Jesus

(ii) Proclaim the death and resurrection of Christ until he comes

(iii) Unites the believers

(iv) Helps them to rededicate themselves/ confess/ pray

(v) Reminds them to God’s love humanity/ strengthen their faith

(vi) It is a thanksgiving for God’s saving act

(vii) It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus

(viii) It is a foretaste of the second coming of Christ

(ix) It is a sign of purity of the believers of Christ

(x) in Obedience to Jesus commands

(xi) It is a sign of the new covenant sealed in the blood of Christ

(a) Reasons for singing during the initiation ceremonies in traditional African communities

(i) To remind the participants of their past history

(ii) To provide socialization opportunity for participants

(iii) Divert the initiates minds from the impending pain

(iv) Teach/ remind the participants important moral values

(v) Teach the participants important moral values

(vi) Teach the participants gender relations/ roles

(vii) Imbue the initiates with courage in order to face the challenge

(viii) To exercise parts of the body / dance

(ix) Welcome the initiates joyously into full membership of the community

(x) Provides an opportunity for promotion of talents

(xi) To ask for blessings for the initiates with the ancestors by invoking their names

(xii) To condemn evil in society

(xiv) To announce the season/ occasion for the initiates

(xv) To distinguish/ advertise/ identify the initiates

(xvi) To entertain the participants

(b) How initiates were prepared for adult life in traditional African communities

(i) They were made to endure pain in order to develop perseverance

(ii) Assigned duties similar to those to be performed in adult life

(iii) Given specific instructions to help them develop obedience/ compliance/ understanding

(iv) Exposed to hardship in order to develop coping mechanism

(v) Told moral stories to help them develop deductive thinking

(vi) Punished for disobedience to learn about consequences of acts/ reward of courage

(vii) Made to share belongings to teach them communalism

(viii) Taught the history of the community to help them trace/ know their ancestry

(ix) Grouped into age- sets/ groups to help them develop collective responsibility/ attitude/ skills

(x) Lived in seclusion in order to develop independence/ self awareness

(xi) They were taught gender roles/ responsibilities

(c) Reasons for practicing initiation rites today

(i) To uphold traditional values and customs/ culture

(ii) To provide an occupation for initiators/ surgeons

(iii) In order to please/ appease ancestral spirits

(iv) To ensure acceptability by those who have undergone the initiation rites/ create a sense

of belonging

(v) To prepare one for marriage

(vi) To promote African languages through song/ dance

(vii) To create a new age- set

(viii) In order to raise one’s social status

(ix) Provide an opportunity for leadership

(x) In order to enable one to inherit property

(a) Steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya

(i) Church members obey the laws of the country

(ii) Educating people on civic rights

(iii) Participating in law processes/ constitutional reform

(iv) Condemning evil practices in the society/ preaching against evil

(v) Teaching church members responsible parenthood/ citizenship/ morality

(vi) Disciplining deviant member of the church

(vii) Rehabilitating law breakers

(viii) Providing material assistance to the needy

(ix) Praying for peace/ love to prevail

(x) Providing guidance and counseling services

(xi) Participating in National functions as a sign of unity/ solidarity

(xii) Paying taxes to support activities of the state

(xiii) Initiating development projects/ provide vocational training

(xiv) Providing job opportunities

(b) ways in which sex is abused in Kenya

(i) Sex before marriage/fornication

(ii) Sex outside marriage/ adultery

(iii) Prostitution

(iv) Homo sexuality/ Lesbianism/ Sodom/ Oral sex

(v) Pornographic literature/ mass media of technological devices in sex

(vi) Bestiality

(vii) Masturbation

(viii) Incest

(ix) Rape/ paedophilia ( defilement of underage)

(c) Problems faced by a family living with a person suffering from AIDS

(i) Social stigma/ suffers isolation

(ii) Economic crises due to high rate of opportunistic diseases

(iii) Poverty due to care/ medication

(iv) Suffers depression as they watch their person wear off

(v) They condemn/ judge the person as a sinner

(vi) They have to exercise high hygiene standards to ensure safety of other members

(vii) Suffers a drawback in their occupation as most time is spent caring for the patient

(viii) Struggle a lot to provide the required diet for proper maintenance

(ix) Pretend to show love though they suffer bitterness inside themselves

(x) Quarrels/ misunderstanding within the family

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2/ 2003

The animals used in the covenant between God and Abraham,. Genesis 15.9

(i) A ram

(ii) A she- goat

(iii) A heifer

(iv) A pigeon

(v) A turtle dove

Demonstration of God’s power in the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt to

the promised land

Through the nine plagues in Egypt
The Killing of the Egyptians first borns ( Passover
The crossing of the red sea
The drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea
Provision of food ( manna and quails)
Provision of water from the rock
The crossing of river Jordan
Israelites victory over their enemies
The miraculous healing from the snake bites
Empowering Moses to perform miracles
The Pillar of Fire/ cloud/ thunder/ earthquake

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Types of leaders whom God gave his power in the Old Testament

(i) Priests/ Levites

(ii) Prophets/ prophetesses/ seers

(iii) Judges

(iv) Kings

(v) Warriors

(vi) Patriarchs

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Names given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah

(i) Wonderful counselor

(ii) Mighty God

(iii) Everlasting/ eternal father

(iv) Prince of peace

(v) Just and righteous ruler

(vi) Suffering servant/ servant of Yahweh

(vii) Emmanuel God with us

(viii) A short of the stump of Jesse

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Similarities in the announcing of the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ

(i) The angel Gabriel brought the message

(ii) Mary and Zechariah were afraid

(iii) They doubted the possibility of the angles message

(iv) The angel gave the names of the children to be born

(v) The angel specified the children mission

(vi) The mothers had never had children before

(vii) Mary and Zechariah were given signs to confirm the messages

(viii) The children were to be male

(ix) The children were to be conceived through the power of God/ God’s

Intervention

(x) Mary and Zechariah were fighters

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Occasions when Jesus was tempted
- In the wilderness just before he began his ministry
- In the garden of Gethsemane
- During the transfiguration when Peter wanted to build a tent so that they would stay on the mountain
- When Peter objected to his suffering and death
- At his crucifixion when he was asked to save himself
- When he was asked to prove that he was the Messiah / son of God in his home town
- When they wanted to make him king after feeding the five thousand
- When the sons of Zebedee asked him to destroy the inhospitable Samaritans

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Lessons Christians learn about Jesus from miracles of healing

(i) Jesus has concern for the sick

(ii) Jesus has power to heal/ power over evil spirits

(iii) Jesus required faith for one to be healed

(iv) Jesus heals all people, he doesn’t discriminate

(v) Jesus accepts other people’s intervention/ intercessors

(vi) Jesus forgives sins

Jesus heals both the spiritual and physical
Jesus expects those healed to be grateful
Jesus is son of God/ Messiah

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God

The parable of the:

Sower
Prodigal son/ lost sheep/ lost coin
Yeast
Mustard seed
Hidden treasure
Wheat and tare
Patch and wine skins

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Powers of the Holy Spirit in the early church

(i) Prophesy

(ii) Exposed Annanias and Saphira

Inspired people to praise God/ worship
Gave people power to perform miracles/ heal
Provided guidance/ wisdom
Empowered people to perseverance/ provided comfort
Led people in prayer
Strengthened people to preach/ spread the good news
Made people to understand their relationship with God/ the mission of Jesus
Enabled Christians to live in unity
Brought love/ peace and joy
Strengthen the faith of Christians

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost
- Courage
- Wisdom/ understanding
- Principled/ decision making/ Adviser/ counselors
- Ability to protect and defend his colleagues
- He was focused/ had a goal/ commitment
- He knew the scriptures
- God fearing/ had faith in God
- Eloquent speaker

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Religious practices of the early Christian community
- praying/ fasting/ celebration of feast
- Breaking of bread
- Baptism
- Singing/ praising
- Reading the word/ preaching
- Sharing possessions
- Having fellowship
- Laying of hands/ healing/ blessing

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Traditional African customs Condemned by early Christian Missionaries in Kenya
- Initiation ceremonies/ rituals
- Polygamy/ Bigamy/ polyandry/ wife inheritance
- Killing twins
- Songs and dances/ music
- Beer taking
- Use of herbal medicine
- Ways of worship/ practice
- Ways of dressing
- Consulting African specialist
- African superstitions/ belief/ witchcraft

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teaching about God from the traditional African myths of creation
- God’s is the creator/ giver of life
- He is orderly
- He is powerful/ mighty
- He is a provider/ caring / loving
- He is everywhere/omnipresent
- He is eternal/ everlasting
- He is all knowing/ omniscient
- He is mysterious/ transcendent
- He is a just God

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Occasions when sacrifices were offered in traditional African Communities
- during marriage
- During initiation
- During burial rites
- At times of calamities
- When settling disputes
- Naming ceremonies
- In sickness
- Times of war
- When a baby is born
- When a taboo is broken
- Installation of leaders

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Roles of elders in traditional African Communities
- Preside over religious ceremonies
- Judging cases
- Punishing/ fining the offenders
- Praying for the community
- Overseeing the sharing of community wealth/ property etc
- Mediating between God and people/ ancestors/ spirits
- Advises and guides the community
- Formulating laws governing the community/ ensuring laws are kept
- Facilitating reconciliation

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Importance of children in traditional African communities
- For social status/ prestige
- They are a source of labour
- A source of wealth
- For remembrance of dead relatives
- For continuation of perpetual of life
- To complete the marriage bond/ blessing in marriage
- To strengthen the marriage relationship
- To offer security in old age/ provide for old parents/ bury
- To protect the community against invasion
- To inherit power of property (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
Christian teaching on human sexuality
- God created both male and female
- Male and female complement each other
- Male and female have distinctive role in creation
- Both share the image of God
- The union of male and female is consummated in marriage
- Male and female should live in harmony / should respect each other
- Procreate/ fulfill God’s command to multiply
- Sexual deviation is condemned ( homosexuality, lesbianism, bestiality, adultery, sadomy, e.t.c
- Male and female should respect each other in regard each to his ability
- Sex is sacred

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways of overcoming drug taking

(i) Practicing abstinence/ self-control

(ii) Praying against being tempted

(iii) seeking guidance and counseling

(iv) Avoiding the company of those who misuse/ emulating role models

(v) Reading literature on the correct use of drugs following the medical

Instructions

(vi) referring to biblical teachings on the use of drugs

(vii) Participating in activities that promote use of drugs/ healthy activities

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Christians take up insurance policies

(i) It is a saving/ form of investment

(ii) To provide security against risks( disability, death, theft, sickness etc)

(iii) It can assist one to get a loan

(iv) To fulfill legal requirements/ moral obligations

(v) For the beneficiaries to inherit

(vi) For use in old age/ after retirement

(vii) To generate revenue/ income/ create employment

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways of showing respect to the state

(i) Praying for the nation/ leaders

(ii) Observing national days e.g. Madaraka day

(iii) Obeying the laws of the country

(iv) Paying taxes

(v) Working together on state matters

(vi) Participating in elections/ voting

(vii) Alleviating poverty

Contributing to harambees
Respecting the flag
Promoting peace

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

C.R.E PAPER 2, 2003 MARKING SCHEME

State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in God genesis chapter

1 and 2

To cultivate and garden and guard it
To procreate and have children
To be in charge of fish, the birds and the animals, rule over God’s creation
To rule the rest of creation, to care, to conserve and preserve the environment
To obey God and his commands
To get married for companionship

Outline the reasons Christians learn about work from the Genesis stories creation
Work was ordained by God
Work makes human beings complete achievements, self- realization and self- fulfillment
Christians learns that work is to be done for 6 days and rest on the seventh day, as God did not create
Christians learns that one has to work to provide for his/ her family needs, be self reliant
Work was introduced to man as a punishment of their sin at the Garden of Eden
They learn to work to contribute to the development of the community
Christians learn that they should obey God’s command of sub-doing and conquering the earth and becoming co- workers
Work is a way of continuing the creation activity of God
Christians learn that work keeps them away from idle life which may lead to sin

How can Christians care for God’s creation today?
All creation is very good, human beings should treat the rest of the creation with respect and severance
Christians should preserve, conserve and donate to the environment
Christians can care for god’s creation like wild animals by building game reserve
Christians contribute to the scientific discovery of medicine to wild animal diseases by providing money donations to such institution
Christians can care for God’s creation by standing to condone over cutting of vegetation i.e. deforestation
Christians should come together and join hands on controlling soil erosion e.g. gulf erosion

(a) With reference to the Old testament, outline the characteristic of a true

Prophet

A true prophet must have been called by God himself as Elijah
Their prediction were to proclaim punishment and rewards to individual and to the whole nation
Their prophesy should threaten the unpleasant happenings i.e. Amos predicted that if the Israelites did not repent then they would be sent on exile
The prophets should uphold the unique worship of the true God against other gods as Elijah killed the 250 false prophets
Their teachings had to agree with Yahwestic doctrine on God’s kingdom

Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned
He condemned prostitution
He condemned tribalism
Corrupt and murder
Robbery and murder
Exploitation of the poor
In justice denied to the poor
Selling of goods unfit for human consumption to the poor
Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts
The oppression of the poor and the weak
Taking of bribes mostly in courts
Cheating in business by use of false scale

How should a Christian react to bribery
He should not accept the bribe
He should condemn the act of bribing
He should pray for God’s guidance
He should advice the person not to depend on bribing

(a) Relate the history of the feeding of the thousand in Mk 6: 30- 44 to recall

of the old testament prophets about the messiah banquet.

Not to be anxious about material and physical needs
Jesus is the power of life
Jesus had power over nature
God cares for man physically, spiritually and materially
Christians should show concern over others needs
With prayer everything is possible
Christians should seek the imperishable food, i.e. the word of God

How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers
He appeared to the disciples in a room when Thomas was not there
Jesus appeared to the woman in the garden (Magdalene, Joarna, Mary the mother of Jesus and other women in John 20:1
He appeared to Simon Peter and other disciple when they were fishing at the sea of Tuberous ( John 21: 1-4)
He appeared to Peter (Lk 24: 34)
He revealed himself to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus ( Lk 24: 13- 24)
He appeared to the eleven disciples when Thomas was with them
He revealed himself to the two disciples when Thomas was with them
He revealed himself to Thomas by allowing him to feel the scars in Jesus hands
He appeared to Mary Magdalene
He shared a meal with the disciples after his resurrection

Give a reason why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ
They lack faith
Due to ignorance about the teaching of the bible
Since it has not been scientifically proved
They believe on the resurrection since the message was brought by women who were disputed in the society
Since other men of God e.g. priest commit sin e.g. misusing church funds

Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African communities

sexual education was given to the youth
Girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished
Sex before marriage was prohibited
Parents were held responsible for daughter conduct
During social occasions such as dances, youths were supported so that they did no misbehave
There was physical separation of sexes boys and girls lived separately
There were taboos, rules and regulations on sex relationship
There was act of early marriage
The whole community was concerned about the morale fibre
The youths made aware of the consequences of irresponsible sex
Pregnant girls were forced to marry old man in the community
The man who was responsible for the pregnancy was forced to marry the girl

(b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya today

– When sexual demand is not met in marriage relationship

– Peer group influence and pressure

– Separation dues to employment or divorce may cause prostitution to the

affected as he may need company for sexual relation.

Pornographic literature and films makes others to indulge in the evil
Lack of income to earn a living
Employment – some women leave their rural homes to search for jobs and if they fail are forced to result to prostitution
Extreme poverty to an individual

(a) What is the role of midwife in traditional African Communities

– They helped pregnant women in delivery service

– The midwife took care of the weak mother and the child

– They gave advice to the parents of the mother on ways of bringing up the

Child.

b) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on responsibility to others.

Help the needy
Use wealth to others
Share resources with others
Remember God when alive
Glorify God using owns wealth.

c) How did the believers in early Church take care of the needy?

Took care of the poor/needy /widowers by giving them food/other provisions and share.
They held everything in common and distributed it according to individuals needs.
They prayed for the needy on salvation
They collected money and sent to the Jews that were at Jerusalem
They accepted others in their home like those who were in need
They counseled the needy on their problem
Showed concern/ sympathy to those with illness by healing them.
Visited and welcomed those who were released from the prison into their homes
They showed love to them.

d) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya today.

They participate in bible reading
They take part in singing as choir members
They help in collection of tithe
They help in distribution of invitation letters for an occasion
The youths help in cleaning the church and its facilities before members come for prayers
Helping the church in holding campaign e.g. HIV campaign.
They engage in church crusade and distributing poster crusades.
Holding the church crusade and distributing poster crusades.

Explain the effects of the transmission of the Bible into African languages in Kenya.

It enlightens the Africans
The Africans were able to follow the scripture better and the led to more churches
There was desire for education more Africans showed interest in education
Christianity spread faster as more Africans were able to read the Bible on their own.
Greater understanding was created between the missionaries and the African making life easier for both.
Africans took partnership positions from the missionaries.
It has contributed to the spirit of ecumenism, several denominations work together there own.
Christianity became a more active religion as the Africans participated more.
The elementary reading and writing taught to catechism that the modern education system developed in Kenya
The transmission increased African participate in Christianity rather religion missionaries, Africans were able to read and understand the inner meaning of bible doctrines for much more than when the bible was a foreign language.

b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship

It instruct new converts
They used it as a basic reference book in general dissemination/search for knowledge.
They use to derive Christian hymns e.g Psalms Benedicts.
The Christians use the bible to back their teachings/messages.
They used bible in order to make oath/promises.
They worship with references from the bible in order to keep proper boundary not out of the word of god

c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering?

It is against the teaching of God
It interferes with procreation
It may produce race which is undesirable
It makes man compete with God
It hinders God’s plan (like marriage)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 12004

MARKING SCHEME

He had killed an Egyptian
The Pharaoh had wanted to kill him/feared for his life/wanted murderer
He feared that the Israelites would not believe that god has sent him
He was not an eloquent speaker/stammer
He feared that the Israelites would not accept him as their leader
He lacked identity/confidence/courage/a nobody
He did not have enough knowledge about Yahweh/did not have faith in God.
He was already settled in Median and had a family/content with his life.

5×1=5mks

Honour your father and mother
You shall not kill
You shall not steal
You shall not commit adultery
You shall not bear false witness against your neighnour
You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, wife, servant, property or anything that is his.

5×1=5mks

There was polytheism/the people worshipped many gods
There were human sacrifices
There were animal sacrifices and offerings
Priests, /prophetesses presided over all the religious matters
The people observed festivals in honour of the gods and goddesses
Shrines, altars and temples were built for the worship of the gods.
Rituals were performed in honour of their gods.

5×1=5mks

Locust
Fire
The Plumb line
A basket of fruits
The lord standing at altar/God’s judgment on Israel 5×1=5mks

Jesus was to be great
Jesus will be the son of God
Jesus was to rule over the house of Jacob
Jesus was to be given the throne of David
Jesus would have an everlasting kingdom
He was to be conceived through the power of the Holy spirit
He would be a holy child

5×1=5mks

Humility
Love/ care/ compassion/ mercifulness
Faithfulness
Courage/ bravery
Respect
Kindness/ generosity
Confidence
Responsibility

It is hidden/ secret/ discovered
It is precious/ valuable
It is worth a sacrificing for/ self denial
It should be a priority/ given preference over everything else
It brings joy when found/ happiness
It is worth search for

He talked to the disciples about his death
He allowed them to witness the transfiguration which was a pointer to the death
He accepted to be anointed by a sinful woman
He had a last meal with them
He told them of a betrayal among them
Talked of his resurrection
He told Peter that he would deny him
He asked the disciples to pray with him in the garden of Gethsemane/ prayed for them/ pray for him
Promised a helper/ holy spirit
Appointed Peter as the leader to take over from him
He demonstrated to them humility by washing their feet
Instructed them to prepare themselves for the future

5 x 1 = 5 mks

Through visions
Through dreams
Through the works of the Holy Spirit/ gifts of holy spirit/ prophecy through work of miracles
Through miracles, wonders, signs ( release of Paul, Peter)
Through apostolic teaching/ evangelization
Through scriptures/ Bible/ Holy book
Through angles
Election of apostle/ deacons/ laying of hands
Growth of the church ( king Constantine)
The faith of people endurances during persecution Stephen/ Perpetua

(5x 1 = 5 mks)

10.

It was a demonstration of unity of the body of Christ
As a sign of love among the believers
It was a tradition started during the Passover/ Lord’s supper – commemoration
It was a way of catering for the needy people
It was a way of evangelizing/ spreading the gospel/ worship together
In order to enhance equality of believers- common pool
In readiness of Jesus 2^nd coming
In order to provide an opportunity for fellowshipping/ strengthen their faith
Sign of obedience to Jesus/ community to be generous/ emulate Jesus way of life/ sharing/ generosity.

Thanksgiving for the new child
As a sign of acceptance/ full member
Gives identity to the child/ sense of belonging
As a way of remembering important event in society
For blessing the child
Welcoming the baby to the community
Security of the child/ brought peace to the child/ appease ancestors
Showing the relationship/ link between the living and the dead
Brings unity among the people as they come together
Provides an opportunity to teach the culture to the youth
As a sign of continuity of society
As sign of remembrance/ honor of ancestors

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

12.

Through making peace agreement/ treaties
Returning what had been taken/ stolen
Sharing of meals/ bear parties
Sacrificing to appease the ancestors/ seeking guidance, intervention/ opinion among the community
Encouraging marriage between the children of the warring parties
Sending emissaries/ mediators between the parties/ elders/ chiefs to arbitrate
Taking reconciliatory oaths
Paying a fine/ compensation/ punishment/ migration ( any punitive measures)
Shaking of hands/ initiating dialogue/ seeking apology forgiveness.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

13.

Healers/ medicine men/ herbalists
Priests
Blacksmiths
Rainmakers
Elders/ kings
Diviners
Prophets/ seers
Circumcisers

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

14.

To protect/ care for the living / provide for their needs
Act as mediators link the living to the spiritual world God
They give instructions/ guide/ direct the living/ maintaining the law and order
They bless the living/ empowering the living
They warn about the impending danger/ calamity
They give identity to individuals/ community/ legacy
They punish the living
They participated into community ceremonies/ rituals
Welcomed the dead into the spiritual world

15.

The United Methodist Mission
The Church Missionary Society ( CMS)
Friends African Mission (quakers)
The church of Scotland mission ( CMS)
The Lutheran church
Pentecostal Assembles of God
The gospel Missionary Society
Seventh Day Adventists ( SDA)
Church of God

16.

They taught the other converts how to read the bible
They helped the missionaries to translate the bible into other languages
They accepted/ practiced Christian Monogamous marriage
They abandoned some traditional ritual ceremonies
Their new lifestyles attracted other African to them Christianity ( role model)
They preached the gospel in their home areas and beyond
They established smaller meeting places in the interior
They were used as interpreters by the missionaries
They organized fellowship/ worship in areas where the missionaries could not reach
They provided security.

Hours of work
Education/ training of employee/ qualification/ skills
Experience of employee/ competence
Value of work
Needs of the employee/ state of the economy of the country/ standard of living
Dangers/ risks of the job to be done/ nature of work/ type of work
The returns/ profits of the work
The ability to pay/ sustainability
The amount of work to be done / volume

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

18.

Accepting/ welcoming them as members of the church
Involving them in church activities like choir
Preaching to them
Visiting them
Building homes where the rejected can stay/ rehabilitation centers
Providing guidance and counseling for them
Appealing/ asking their family members to accept them
Providing them with materials supplies/ funds
Providing them with jobs/ employ them/ giving self income generating projects
Providing them with training/ skills for self- reliance carpentry tailoring, masonry etc
Praying them or for them/ intercede on their behalf
Providing recreation activities to engage them / cut down on idleness

(5 x 1= 5 mks)

19.

People are able to carry out abortions which lead to death of unborn/ risk the mother’s life mercy killing euthanisa
Cloning/ test tube babies undermine human sexuality
Fertilizer pollute the environment thus endangering the lives of human beings/ any forms of pollutions
Information derived from pornographic literature video films cyber cafes/ tapes radio pollute the minds
Vasectomy, tubal legation undermines God’s purpose for protection
Weapons of mass destructions lead to loss of life
Human being have been rendered jobless due to modern science and technology/ unemployment
Accidents caused by machines lead to loss of life/ vehicles
Deforestation leads to depletion of trees/ soil erosion/ lowers food production/ hunger
Organ transplant/ plastic surgery undermines God’s creation
Drug abuse/ substance abuse

20.

Teaching them about reproductive health
Preaching sermons on God’s design for marriage
Encouraging chastity/ abstinence before marriage
Having guidance and counseling before marriage
Organizing seminars/ workshops/ retreats where topics on marriage are discussed
Participating in joint church activities
Christian leaders living exemplary lives that can be emulated
Encouraging responsible/ positive relationship among sexes
Training them to take up responsibility in life ( prepare for married life)
Encourage the youth to seek God’s guidance through prayer / praying for them.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 2004

MARKING SCHEME

1.(a)

He challenged Goliath/ killed him using a stone and sling
He accepted to be anointed by Samuel to be King after Saul
He repented after he had killed Uriah/ taking Uriah’s wife
He consulted God/ prophets before he did anything
He bought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem/ and it a religious centre
He wanted to built a temple for god /assemble building materials from Lebanon
He obeyed god’s instructions through prophet Nathan
He attributed all his success god /made praises god/composed psalms
He accepted god’s punishment for his sins
He made sacrifices to god
He advised his son Solomon to obey God’s laws/ commands in order to succeed as a king
He fasted/ prayed/ he called himself a servant of God

(b)

God is powerful
God is moral / righteous/ good
God punishes evil/ sin
God is holy
God is defender of the defenseless
God protects/ saves his people
God provides for his people
God is faithful
God answers prayers
God is kind merciful/ forgiving
God is loving/ caring

(c)

Embezzling funds/ greed/ stealing
Misappropriating funds
Employment their relative/ nepotism
Discriminating/ oppressing poor/ needy/ judging people wrongly
Imposing their ideas on their congregation/ dictating their idea/ engaging in politics
Practicing sexual immoral
Misusing spiritual gifts/ false teaching
Showing off/ pride/ arrogant
Taking revenge

Jesus was walking with disciples when they saw a man born blind
The disciples asked him who had sinned ( the parents or the man)
Jesus answered/ said that the man’s blindness had nothing to do with his sins/ parents sins/ that God works might be seen
Jesus said that he had to do the work of the father as long as it was day
He said he was the light of world
He spat on the ground, made clay of the spittle and anointed the man’s eyes
He told him to go and wash in the pool of Siloam
The man went, washed and came back seeing
The neighbours who knew him wondered whether he was the man who used to beg
When they asked him, he said he was
They asked him how he started seeing
He told him how Jesus had healed him
They asked him where Jesus was
He said he did not know
They took him to the Pharisees because Jesus had healed him on the Sabbath

(b)

It should be done in secret
Prayer should be short/ specific/ direct
It should be addressed to God/ Honour God
People should pray persistently / without ceasing
Make your requests through prayers
Confess sins through prayer
Pray with humility / be humble
Have faith when praying/ trust
Forgive others before praying
God answers prayers

(c)

Lack of faith/ trust
Tiredness/ laziness
Lack of time / busy schedules
Frustrations/ bitterness/ problems
Ridicule/ discouragement from others
Sinful living/ lack of conscience
Unanswered prayers
Lack of knowledge in scriptures
Fear of the people/ congregation
Too much wealth/ poverty/ education
Poor roles models
Lack of training/ experience

The holy spirit is a counselor/ helper
He comforts
He teaches
He guides
He judges/ convicts the world
He is the spirit of truth
He is a companion
He strengthens
He empowers
He reminds/ convinces people on righteousness
He glories Jesus Christ
He reveals the things of God/ reveals things to come

(b)

People did not believe that he was an apostle/ his conversion
His message was rejected
He was beaten/ stoned
He was imprisoned
He was deserted by close friends/ mark/ barnabarbas
Some of the believers were backsliding
There was competition from other preachers ( apostles)
There was lack of money/ finance
There were plots to kill him
Influences of other religious/ cultural/ ideologies/ practices
He was persecuted/ oppressed
He was ship wrecked

(c)

Be ready to serve God/ people
One should be ready to forgive
Christians should have faith in God
They should endure persecution
They should be wise/ knowledgeable
They should be ready to witness for Christ
They should be prayerful
They should be of good repute/ exemplary
They should be ready to condemn evil

Gives one time to visit the sick/ needy
For dedicating oneself to God/ worship God
Provides an opportunity for fellowship with others
It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/ family
One is able to read the word of God
Provides an opportunity for one to preach/ evangelize
Provides an opportunity to guide/ counsel others/ one another/ be guide
Provides time to rest/ rejuvenate/ to regain lost energy
Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment

(b)

Too much money/ wealth/ availability of drugs/ contraceptives
Lack of inadequate facilities
Lack of proper guidance/ education on how to use leisure
Poverty
Inability to select/ make the right decision
Bad company/ peer pressure
Watching/ reading pornographic materials/ negative media
Misunderstanding in families/ frustrations
Inability to balance between different activities
Permissiveness
Lack of role models
Idleness/ boredom/ unemployment

8 x 1 = 8 mks)

(c)

The church has moral responsibility/ duty to correct evil in society
It is a way of emulating Jesus Christ/ imitating
It is against God’s teachings / laws
To ensure fair distribution of human/ natural resources
In order to uplift human dignity / human rights
So as to create peace/ harmony/ unity in society
To promote national development
To guard against God’s judgment upon the nation

5.(a)

A relative/ mediator/ identifies a girl from a family and suggests to the family of the young man
Parents make the decision for children when still young
Parents of the boy the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage
The young people could court and choose who to marry
The first wife chooses a girl for her husband
The young man and his age- mates waylay a girl and take away for marriage
Bride- process could be paid to a family well in advance
A young girl can be given as gift to another family
Some exchange the girls from the two families
One could inherit a brother’s wife
A yough girl could be given as a way of setting a dispute/ replace one who had died/ setting debts

(b)

Marriage is permanent/ highly valued
There is investigation concerning the families to be involved in the marriages/courtship allowed in some communities
Many people are involved in marriage negations
The wife belongs to both the husband and the wider community
Payment of dowry/ getting children seal the marriage
Elaborate marriage procedures/ ritual make it difficult for one to divorce
Fear of paying fines/ returning bride wealth in case of divorce/ lose of dignity
Marriage disputes are handled by the parents/ elders
In case of bareness / impotence an alternative is sought e.g. polygamy
Boys/ girls are taught about sex/ family life
Gender roles are clearly observed

(c)

Loss of parental love/ guidance
Can lead to abuse of drugs
They can suffer emotional imbalance
Can lead to school dropout/ truancy
Children run away from home/ could become street children
Can lead to child abuse/ labour
Many engage in prostitution/ crime to provide for themselves ( criminals)
Lead to disease/ death

There were leadership conflicts in the church
The missionaries dominated the church leadership
African protested against control of the local churches by mother churches in ( Europe/ America)
There was the desire to share prestige enjoyed by the missionaries
There was varied interpretations of the bible
Doctrinal differences caused confusion to the Africans
There arose the need to in- corporate African culture/ practices in the churches
Some African leaders claimed to have received revelations/ instruction from God to start churches
The success of the newly formed independent churches resulted in the formation of more churches
Influences from the first/ second world war aroused nationalistic feelings.
The Africans were educated/ learned/ had leadership skills

(b)

It is against God’s teaching
It was a form of idol worship
Sacrifices were offered during the oathing ceremonies and yet Christ was the last sacrifice
Some of the rituals accompanying the oathing were against Christian teaching/ dehumanizing ( barbaric/ primitive)
Most oaths involved the shedding of blood/ killings
Oathing emphasized collective responsibility
Oathing bound the people to the ancestors/ spirits
Oathing created divisions in the society/ family
Oathing bound the participants who eventually formed cults
It was full of secrecy/ instilled fear
Practices related to oathing were unhygienic

(c)

To praise God/ worship/ adore
To relax entertainment/ release tension
To strengthen the believer’s faith
To express feelings/ petition God
To impart spiritual teachings
To develop/ recognize talents
To involve the congregation/ keeping members alerts
It is in line with biblical teachings/ command
To attract more members in the church

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 313/ 1 2005

Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as the Pentateuch

Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy

( 5 x 1= 5 marks)

Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation

Marriage is monogamous
Marriage is between a man and a woman
It is a permanent union/ no divorce / covenant
Marriage is for procreation
It is a continuation of God’s work of creation
Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other
Man and woman are to complement each other/ help each other
Marriage is for companionship
Marriage is for love
Marriage is sacred/ ordained by God/ holy

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelite

It was a place of worship
It signified the pressure of God
Sacrifices were offered there
It united the Jews
It was a business centre/ trade
It housed the treasures of the nation
It was an academic centre for the teachers of the law/ rabbis
It was a residence for priests

State five qualities of God from the teaching of Prophet Hosea

Just
Forgiving/ compassionate
Patient/ tolerant
Loving
Saviour
Powerful
Everlasting
Guide

( 5 x 1) = 5 mks)

Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized

To identify himself with sinners
To be identified by John
To be introduced to the crowd as the messiah
To fulfill all righteousness
It symbolized his death and resurrection
To show that he was ready to start his work
To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist as his forerunner

State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick

To demonstrate God’s love for human beings
To take away their pain/ suffering
People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him
To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing
As a way of destroying the work of Satan
To glorify God/ show God’s power
To fulfill old testament prophesies

List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parable of the year and the mustard seed

It grows/ keeps on expanding
It is hidden/ mysterious/ secret
It is powerful
It is universal

Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his disciple

He wanted to inform them of his coming death
He wanted to identify his betrayer
To establish the institution of the Holy communion/ supper
To bestow authority to the disciples
To share the last meal with them
To show that the bread and wine symbolized his body and blood respectively
To institute the new covenant
To identify Peter as the leader
To warn them about coming persecution after his departure

Identify five factors that enabled Paul tow in converts among the Gentiles

He was a Roman citizen
His occupation as a tentmaker was not a burden
He was well versed in religious/ legal matters
He was unmarried/ celibate
He was able to reach many converts through letter writing
The ability to perform miracles and wonders
There was peace in the Roman empire/ pax Roman
The use of Greek as a common language in Roman empire
There were good roads/ sea transport which led to efficient travel
The Greek/ Roman religious were not fulfilling

(15 x 1 = 5 mks)

State five lessons Christians learn on the cost of discipleship from the story of

Perpetua and Felistas

A Christian should be ready to suffer/ endure persecution
Christians should have faith in God
They should love one another/ unite in suffering
They should forgive their enemies
They should be bold/ courageous
They should rejoice in suffering
They should encourage/ strengthen one another
They should know that God’s calling is a priority to family demand/ ties
Christians should know that martyrdom is not in vain/ there is hope in death

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities
- Under sacred trees
- In caves
- A river bank
- On rocks
- On mountains
- At waterfalls
- In shrines
- In homes of religious leaders
- At grave yards

Give reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in traditional African Communities

It gives the mother time to regain the lost energy
It keeps the mother/ baby evil eyes/ witchcraft
It gives the mother time to rest
It enables the mother to be trained on how to care for the baby
It enables the mother to feed well produce enough milk
It enables the baby to adjust to new life
It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby
It marks the end of pregnancy at the beginning of new life

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities

They predict the future
They warn people about calamities
The pre- intercede for the community/ individual during calamities
They heal the sick
They interpret messages from spiritual world
They act as judges in society
They mediate between God/ Spirits and people
They comfort the sick in society
They counsel people with problems
They use various objects to reveal secrets in society/ expose the wrong doers

Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional African communities

The elders disciplined greedy people/ land grabbers
There were clear guidelines on the use of land
Those without land were assisted to acquire it by the clan/ community
There was enough land assigned to individuals by elders. The wish/ will of
Parents/ clan on property ownership was respected people were hesitant to acquire land unlawfully for fear of curses justice fairness by elders was adhered in land ownership allocation
There were clear guidelines on land ownership

State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914

Language barrier
Hostile reception by some communities
Poor means of transport
Tropical diseases
Unfavourable climate conditions
Islam! African culture/ religion was an obstacle to Christian evangelization
Rivalry among themselves
Lack of funds/ resources

Identify five causes of conflicts between the youth and the old people in the church today

Mode of dressing language/ communication
Controversies over the kind of music/ dance
Issue relating on sex / marriage
Rigidity in Biblical interpretations
Controversies over observance of ritual/ church rules

(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya today

Make articles for sale/ weaving / knitting
Writing/ drawing Christians literature
Teach others professional skills/ trade
Acting Christians plays/ skits/ reciting poems
Compose/ sing dance Christians music
Preach the word to others
Offering guidance counseling services
Acting ushers/ master of ceremonies

Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections

It is their constitutional right
In order to own their elected leaders/ identify with them
So as to remove oppressive leaders/ government
In order to effect a peaceful change/ transition
It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament / civic authorities

(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

Write down five consequences of denying employees rest

Poor working relationships/ lack of respect
Leads to exhaustion/ fatigue
Can results in poor health/ death
Can result in go-slow
There is mistrust/ need to be supervised so as to work
Can lead to strikes/ riots/ violence
Leads to loss of job/ sacking
Leads to family conflicts/ suspicion/ separation/ divorce
Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/ worship
Leads to low morale/ negative attitude to work

Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are living with

HIV/AIDS

Praying for them/ preaching to them
Guiding and counseling them
Providing medical services for them
Providing basic needs for both the infected the family members
Educating them on ways of avoiding re- infection/ teach them to live positively initiating
Income – generating activities to provide employment for them preaching against their discrimination/ advocating for legislation to support their existence
Building home/ shelter for them
Visiting them

(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2313/2 2005

1.a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them.

Samuel, their judge, was old.

The sons of Samuel had failed as judges/they were unjust/corrupt.
They wanted a king who would lead them into war
They wanted a leader who would be recognized by other nations
They wanted a political government with national authority.
They wanted a human leader whom they could see/had rejected God their unseen King.
The sons did not have the leadership qualities of their father.
Samuel had imposed his sons as judges. 7×1=mks

b) What were failures of King Saul?

He performed the duties of a priest/ offered sacrifices.
He was not patient to go by God’s timing/lacked faith in God.
He has not repentant after his mistakes.
He did not listen to the command of God to destroy all the loot from the Amalekites for selfish gains.
He cheated Samuel that he wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God
He listened to the voice of his subjects/army
He wanted to kill David.
He consulted a medium/witch.
He killed the priest of the Lord. 6×2=12mks

c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today?

There is an increase in crime

The public has lost trust faith in the government
There is an increase in poverty
There is a high level of inflation
Lack of quality services in all areas of life.
There is hiring/employing inefficient people
It has led to disillusion/poor morale of workers
It has led to strikes/riots among workers.
It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
It has given the country a negative image globally 6×1=6marks

a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)

He saw the Lord seated upon a high throne
There were seraphim standing above the throne/proclaiming God’s glory.
The foundation of the building shook and the house was filled with smoke.
Isaiah realized that he was a sinner
One of the seraphim flew onto Isaiah.
The seraphim had a live coal in his hand
He touched Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
Isaiah’s guilt/sins were taken away/forgiven
Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
Isaiah was ready to be sent by God.
He was told by God that the message he was to take to the people would be rejected.
Isaiah asked God for how long he was to preach to those who would not understand the message.
He was told that was to continue with the task until judgment fell on the people.

b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New covenant’. (10mks)

The laws will be written in people’s hearts and not on stone tablets.
The new covenant will be between an individual and God / personal salvation/relationship.
There will be individual responsibility /punishment for those who sin.
The new covenant will be everlasting.
The new covenant will be universal.
There will be forgiveness of sins/they will not be remembered
There will be no mediators between God and the individual.
The new covenant would be fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.

5×2=10mks

c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area?

Give thanks to God for the job opportunity.
One should pray about it.
Should take up the challenge/accept the offer.
Should carry out the mission of Jesus Christ.
Should work with commitment/dedication
Should adhere to professional ethics
Should keep the contract of service.
Should take care of the family
Should take care of the family.
Should take care of the filmily
Should seek guidance on how to work /live in the hardship area
Seek training in life skills.

61x =6mks)

a) With reference to the incidents when Jesus was dedicated to God at

the age of forty days:

Jesus would save people.
He would bring glory to Israel.

He would be a light to the gentiles.

He would be a universal savior
He would bring judgment to the Israelites.
Many people would oppose his work.

He would reveal secret thoughts of people.
He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem.

6×2=12mk

b) What lessons did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of feeding of five thousand? (7mks)
To be concerned for the physical needs of people
They should thank God.

To serve others /demonstrate humility

To practice obedience.
To praise sharing
To co-operate with others.

To be responsible/careful. 7×1=7mks

There is selfishness/ individuals in modern society
The high costly of living has led to economic constraints
Some only share with members of their tribe/ race/ clan/ family
Denominational differences hinder the spirit of sharing
It can encourage dependence/ laziness
It is difficult to identify those who may genuinely require help/ assistance
Those receiving help may be suspicious
Those receiving the assistance may not show appreciation
They have not understood the biblical concept of sharing

( 1 x 6 = 6 mks)

(a) State the teachings of Jesus on how a Christian should approach God in

prayer

Prayer should be addressed to God the father
One should go to a secret place/ quiet place
A Christian should be specific/ precise when praying
One should have faith/ pray expectantly
On should be persistent in prayer
One should praise/ adore God when praying
One should confess his / her sins
One should forgive others while praying
One should ask for his/ her need
One should be humble when praying
One should pray for God’s will to be done

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b) With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message on the people

He told the people that the disciples were not drunk
They were filled by the holy spirit as fulfillment of God’s prophecy
That Jesus was the son of God
God’s power was seen in the miracles, signs and wonders performed by Jesus
Jesus had been killed by the Jews because of their wickedness
God raised Jesus back to life
Jesus was a descendant of David
That Jesus ascended to heaven and is at the right hand of God
Jesus is the lord/ Christ
He called the people to repent their sins so as to be forgiven
They were to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ

(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

Should be knowledgeable in/ conversant with God’s word
Should be obedient to God’s commandments
Have their faith / trust in Jesus
Preach the gospel/ win others to the kingdom of God
Should help the needy
Live a life of fellowship with others/ listen to others
Be exemplary/ be the salt and light of the world/ role model
Ready to suffer for Christ/ self denial
Guide and counsel others
Pray all the time
Condemn evils in the society

(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(a) Discuss the factors that promoted harmony and mutual responsibility in

traditional African communities ( 8 mks)

People participated in communal work
There was sharing of resources among members of the community
All members took part in rites of passage
There were rules/ taboos to regulate behavior
Deviant members in the community were heavily punished
Children were educated on the moral values/ social ethics/ customs/ traditions of the community
People were educated on their responsibilities/ obligations in the society
The role of each member of the community was spelt out/ upheld/ there was division of labour
The extended family system ensured that all members of the community were provided for
The people had some origin/ religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
There was communal worship
The community had methods of defending the members against external attacks
The community had social/ political organization which were respected by all
There was communal ownership of land
There were proper guidelines on the use/ disposal of community wealth

8 x 1 = 8 mks

What changes are taking place in the property ownership in traditional African communities
- Women/ children can now own property
- Wealth is longer determined by the number of wives/ children
- The introduction of money economy has reduced the value attached to land
- The roles of elders in sharing of property has been eroded
- Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds
- People write wills to share/ decide who should inherit their property
- Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
- Land can now be sold/ auctioned

5 x 2 = 10 mks

Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?
It may lead to abandonment of children/ wife
It can cause jealousy/ breakage of the family
It may lead to destruction of property/ snatching/ grabbing/ property
It is dehumanizing/ oppressive to the woman/ widow
It can lead to disease/ HIV/ AIDS
It can cause embarrassment to the concerned members
It is against the Christian teaching of monogamy
It may lead to street children/ increase in crime
It can lead to mistreatment of children/ wife
It can lead to death
It can create psychological/ emotional problems

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the African

communities in Kenya by 1945 ( 12 mks)

They introduced the Christian faith/ bible
A new class of religious specialists developed/ catechists
They introduced Western education/ people learnt how to read and write
New agricultural crops such as coffee replaced the growing of some indigenous crops
Hospitals were established where diseases were treated using European medicines/ technology
Some aspects of African religious beliefs/ practices were denounced
Church structures replaced traditional African places of worship
They introduced a particular day of worship/ Sabbath day
They paved way for colonialization
They trained Africans in various fields of specialization
They converted Africans were alienated form their families/ communities

(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization
Rise in family breakage
There is pollution of water/ air
It has led to individualism/ selfishness
There is an increase in social vices
It has led to exploitation of workers/ over working
There is exploitation/ destruction of land/ deforestation
It has led to division in the family
It has contributed to poor health/ sickness/ death

(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

Advocates for equitable distribution of resources
Condemns unfair treatment of workers
Supports income generating activities among its members
Initiates projects where people are employed
Establishes people on the importance of sharing resources/ communal living
Encourage self- employment
Preaches against idleness/ encourages dignity of work
Condemns deals in the society

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

K.C.S.E 2006CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

313/1

MARKING SCHEME

(a) Reasons why Christian read the bible

It provides Christians with moral values
It is a source of spiritual
It is used in Christian worship
It gives them inspirational/ hope
It helps them to understand their relationship with God
It is a source of Christian beliefs/ practices
It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
It is a source of knowledge
It is the word of God the authours were inspired by God

(4 x 2 = 8 mks)

Attributes of God as portrayed in Genesis story of creation. ( chapter 1

and 2)

God is all powerful/ omnipotent
God of order/ orderly/ perfect
He is everywhere/ omnipresent
He is the provider/ sustainer
He is the creator
He is all knowing/ omniscient
He commands moral ( obedient – Adam & Eve) Gen 2: 16
He is loving (wants personal relationship with man)
He is everlasting/ self existence
He is a spirit
God is the source of goodness
God is holy Gen. 2: 3

( 7 x 1 = 7 mks)

Consequences pf breaking taboos in traditional African communities
Paying of a fine
Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
Being killed
Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
Offering compensation
Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
Denial of privileges

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) Promises that God made to Abraham

He would make Abrahams name great/ famous
God would bless those who bless Abraham/ curse those who curse him/ protect him
All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham
God would give land to Abraham’s descendants
He would give Abraham many descendants/ he would have a great nation
God will bless Abraham
God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace
He would give Abraham a son/ heir
Kings will come from Abraham’s descendants

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Problems Moses faced as he led the Israelites during Exodus

Lack of water for the Israelites
Lack of food for the Israelites
Complains/ grumbling by the Israelites/ refuse to listen to Moses
Warring tribes in the desert
Settling of disputes among the people
Traveling in hostile/ harsh climate conditions/ terrain
Lack of faith from the people/ worship of the golden calf
Rebellion/ opposition from his family
Threat from the Egyptian army
Bites from snakes

( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

Reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews
It was an outward sign of the inner faith in God
It was a physical badge/ identity for all male children
It showed that one had made a covenant with God/ that benefits form God’s promises to Abraham
It was a sign of obedience to God
It signified purity/ cleanliness
Through it, one became a member of Jewish community/ Abraham’s family

(4 x 1= 4 mks)

(a) Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king

Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system etc

( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b)

He built the temple for the worship of Yahweh
He established trade links with neighboring nations
He built many cities in Israel/ infrastructure
He organized the central government/ improved tax collection/ established a strong army to maintain peace
He established diplomatic links with other countries/ nations
He built a magnificent palace
He composed proverbs songs for the worship of Yahweh/ wrote the book of ecclesiastics
He settled disputes wisely
He installed the ark of the covenant in the temple/ dedicated the temple of God.

Greed for lack material possession/ poverty
Hypocrisy among the believers/ leaders misbehavior
Tribalism/ nepotism/ clanism/ racism/ ethnicity/ all other forms of discrimination
Gender gap
Economic status/ rich versus the poor in the church
Educational status
Differences in interpretation of the Christian doctrine
Rigidity/ conservatism among leaders
Political interference in the leadership of the church
Fighting for recognition/ prestige
Succession wrangles

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(a) The role of prophets in the Old Testament

They spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces
They foretold the future events
They guided counseled the kings
They called people back to repentance/ gave message of hope
They reminded the people about the covenant
They condemned the evil in society
They warned the people of God’s judgment
They made the people understand the nature of God
They offered sacrifices to God
They anointed kings
They interpret the vision dreams from God/ current events

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

Reasons why prophet Amos was against the way Israelites worshipped

God

They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
They practiced syncretism
There was sincerity in worship/ hypocrisy
They made idols/ worshipped idols
They built many high places of worship for idols
They misused the temple by feasting drinking
They refused to listen to the prophets of God/ listened to false prophets
They misused the Sabbath
They practiced Temple prostitution

( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

Through visions
Through dreams
By reading the word of God/ bible
Listening to preachers/ crusades/ observing role models
Through answering prayers miracles
Through nature events/ calamities
Through the holy spirit/ the gifts of the Holy Spirit

( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

(a) The problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of

Jerusalem

The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh3:5
He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh 2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
A trap was laid to drill his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9

(5x 2 = 10 mks)

The symbolic acts used by prophets Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and punishment to the Israelites
Buying a new linen waistcloth and buying in a cleft of the rock Jer 13L 1 – 11
Jeremiah was not to marry. Jer 16: 1- 18
The reworking of the vessels by the potter. Jer 18: 1 – 17
The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders. Jer 19: 1 – 15
He was shown two baskets or figs one with good figs and another with bad figs. Jer 24: 1 -10
Wearing of the yoke Jer 27: 1 – 15

( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

Lessons Christians learns from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the new covenant
They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
The need to have faith in God
They should obey practice the law of God
They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(a) The importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in

traditional African communities

Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/ incorporation into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/ shared responsibility by the extended family
Saying prayer/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
Feasting is a sign of joys/ socialialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of property
Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother

( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

Moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African Communities
Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
Respect/ courtesy
Responsibility/ hard work
Hospitality/ kindness
Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
Love
Co-operation/ unity
Humility
Honesty
Integrity
Courage

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why death is feared in traditional African Communities
It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
It is irrevocable/ in escapable
It brings impurity to the family
It deprives the community of the individuals
It involves too many rituals
It comes unannounced
It separates one from the loved ones/ marks the end of life on earth
Nobody knows about the life after death
It may cause misunderstanding in the community
Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
It brings poverty to the family involved

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2006

(a) The visit of the Angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night Jesus was born.

The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night
The angel appeared to them
The glory of the lord shone around them
They were filled with fear
The angle reassured them/ told them not to fear
He told them of the good news of the birth of Jesus
They were told where to find baby Jesus
The angles gave them a sign on how they would find Jesus
There appeared a host of angles singing/ praising God
The angles left them/ went back to heaven
The shepherds went to Bethlehem/ found baby Jesus

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b) The differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.

John the Baptist preached mainly in the wilderness/ the desert of Judah, while

Jesus preached in the synagogues/ homes cities/ towns/ temple

John the Baptist called people to repentance, while Jesus forgave/ died for

their sins

John the Baptist with water, but Jesus was baptized with the holy spirit/ fire
John the Baptist lived the life of Nazarite, while Jesus mixed freely with all

people

The emphasis of John the Baptist preaching was in the promised Messiah,

while that of Jesus was about the kingdom of God

John the Baptist’s message was direct whereas Jesus preached in parables
While John the Baptist disciples fasted, the disciples of Jesus ate and drank
John the Baptist did not perform miracles, but Jesus ministry was full of

signs/ wonders

John the Baptist was the fore runner / prepared the way while Jesus fulfilled/

was the messiah

(4 x 2 = 8 mks)

Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover Festival.

Christians should obey their parents
Parents should teach their children about God
Parents should provide opportunities for their children to mix with others
Parents should love/ be concerned about their children
Family ties should about be broken/ families should live in unity
God’s work takes priority over the family
Parents should recognize their children’s talents/ abilities
There should be open communities among family members

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) The story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17)

Jesus went to the city of Nain accompanied by his disciples/ crowd
At the age of the city, he met people carrying a dead man
The dead man was the only son of the widow
The mother/ widow was accompanied by a large crowd
Jesus felt pity for the widow/ told her not to weep
Jesus touched the bier ( coffin) in which the body lay
Jesus told the dead man to arise
The dead man sat up/ began to speak
Jesus gave the man to his mother
The people were filled with fear
The people glorified the lord
Jesus fame spread in Judea/ in the surrounding region

8 x 1 = 8 mks

(b) How the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ

Christians pray for/ preach to the sick
Laying hands on the sick/ anointing them/ any other miraculous healing
Providing guidance and counseling services
Constructing hospitals/ health centers/ rehabilitation centers
Providing preventive/ curative drugs/ treating the sick
Paying medical expenses for the sick
Producing/ disseminating literature/ electronic media on health issues
Preaching against evil/ causes of ailments that interfere with good health
Providing food/ clothing/ shelter/ finances to the sick/ needy
Visiting the sick
Training medical personnel
Educating through seminars/ workshops

(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(c) Lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus

Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/ holy
They should be always alert
They should not be selfish/ share God’s secrets with others
It teaches that Jesus was a fulfillment of the Old Testament law/ prophesies
They should be prayerful
They learnt that Jesus is the messiah foretold by the Old Testament prophets
They should enter the presence of God with great respect/ reverence
They should learn to endure suffering
They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death
They should be slow to speak/ learn more about Christ before they speak

( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching

To encourage sinners to accept the word of God
To show consequences of loose living
To encourage people to realize their sinfulness / be willing to repent/ reconcile
To teach about God’s love for all people/ kingdom of God is for all people
To show God’s unconditional forgiveness
To warn against judging others/ condemning them
To teach his audience the need to rejoice for/ welcome repentant sinners
He wanted to encourage families to live in harmony / unity

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Preparations that Jesus made for the last supper

Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare for the last supper/ Passover
He instructed two disciples to go into the city/ Jerusalem
He told them that they would meet a man in the city carrying a jar of water
Jesus told them that they should follow the man into the house he would enter
Once in the house, the disciples were to ask the owner/ householder to show them the guest room
Jesus told the disciples that the householder/ owner would show them a large furnished upper room
He instructed the disciples to prepare the room
The disciples to prepare the meal
Jesus together with his disciples sat down in the prepared room

(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

Greed for money/ material possession
It was God’s will for the fulfillment of the scriptures to be realized
Judas was unable to overcome/ conquer the power of evil/ he was tempted by Satan (Diabalos)
He was looking for fame/ recognition
He was unhappy with Jesus activities
He was an informer of the Jewish religious leaders
He was expecting a political messiah yet Jesus was a spiritual Messiah

( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(a) Spirituals gifts taught by St. Paul in the Early church

(i) Wisdom

(ii) Knowledge

(iii) Faith

(iv) Healing

(v) Working miracles

(vi) Prophecy/ preaching

ability to distinguish between spirits/ discernment
Speaking in tongues
Interpretation of tongues

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) How the use of the gifts of the holy spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth

The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have
There was competition in speaking in tongues
There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood
People did not show love to one another as they used the gifts of the Holy
There was disorder/ confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to out do one another
People did not use their gifts for the growth/ development of the church
Gifts such as prophecy/ teaching/ preaching were looked down upon

(4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(c) Contribution of women in the church in Kenya today.

Women engage in preaching the gospel/ evangelism
They clean/ decorate the church
Women take care of young children in the church
They contribute money/ clothes/ food to the less fortunate/ needy
They prepare meals for church leaders/ visitors/ prepare holy communion
They act as ushers in the church
Women run income generating projects/ other projects for the church
Women sing in church choir
They organize seminars/ workshops in the church/ guide and counsel members
They are leaders in the church/ participate in choosing leaders
Women give tithes/ offering to the church
Women pray/ intercede
6 x1 = 6 mks)

(a) Advantages of a Monogamous Marriages

(i) It enhances intimacy/ conjugal rights in the family

(ii) It upholds dignity/ honour of the family members/ children respect their

Father

(iii) Security is enhanced

(iv) Love is not divided

(v) It eases wrangles on property ownership/ inheritance

(vi) It is a covenant protected by God/ the state

(vii) Law and order prevails in the family/ there is harmony/ unity

It reduces the risk of being infected with sexually transmitted infection/ HIV and AIDS
Providing for family needs/ resources is easier
It is easier to develop mutual confidence/ trust among family members
It reduces delinquency among the children
The woman takes pride in the marriage/ is able to enjoy privileges

(b) Factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today.

(i) Poor role models/ lack of role models

(ii) stress / depression/ rebellion (frustrations)

(iii) Peer pressure/ curiosity

(iv) Influence of mass media

(v) Availability/ cheap cost of drugs / too much wealth

(vi) Irresponsible parenthood

Lack of guidance and counseling
Corruption/ greed
Poverty
Moral decay/ permissiveness in the society
Lack of knowledge/ ignorance on the use of drugs
Idleness
Urbanization/ western culture 7 x 1 = 7 mks)

AIDS.

(i) It is a continuation of Jesus works of healing

(ii) The church has a duty to guide and counsel/ promote moral values in the

Society

(iii) To cater for the infected / affected members within the church

(iv) To conserve / preserve God’s creation

(v) It is the duty of the church to help reduce human suffering

(vi) To promote economic development

(vii) To promote peace in the family co- existence

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) The rights of citizens in Kenya today

(i) Rights to life/ live

(ii) Rights to have basic needs/ food/ shelter/ clothing

(iii) Right to receive education

(iv) Right to marry/ raise up a family/ belong to a family

(v) Right to have freedom of association/ assembly

(vi) Right to freedom of speech/ receive information/ expression

Right to own property
Freedom of worship
Right to liberty/ movement
Right to work/ earn a living
Right to medical care/ health
Right to security/ protection by law
Freedom of conscience / right to vote

7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b) Reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya

(i) To emulate Jesus who paid tax to the Roman authorities

(ii) To heed Jesus instructions to respect the civil authorities

(iii) Christianity pay taxes in order to receive service from the government

(iv) To provide essential services

(v) Christians pay taxes as a sign of patriotism

(vi) Christians pay taxes as a way of sharing their wealth/ resources with others

It is their duty to pay taxes to the government
To enable the government to meet its financial obligations

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(c)How the church is helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya

Providing guidance and counseling
Preaching about love for one another in the society
Rehabilitating law breakers
Providing jobs/ offering training opportunities to the people
Giving loans to people to start/ run business
Providing recreational facilities/ organizing recreational activities for the youth
Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
Disciplining deviant members of the church
Participating in government programmes established to fight crime ( e.g. community policing)
Obeying the laws of the country/ being role models
Praying for peace/ harmony
Teaching responsible parenthood
Providing basic needs for the needy
Condemning evil practices in the society/ teaching against crime.

C.R.E paper 1

Ms 2009

PAPER 1

The teaching about human beings from the biblical creation accounts

Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God
They have been given authority /domination over God creation.
They communicate /fellowships with God.
They are special/the greatest creation of God
They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their lives
They are blessed by God
They have give a special place to stay/Garden of Eden
Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their benefits
They are to take care of the creation till the land work
Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.
Man and woman era to compliment/provide companionship for each other.
Human beings are Gods creation/male and female.
The woman is created out of hetmans rib

(7×1= 7 mks)

b) Effects of sin on Adam and Eve

They started dying yet they were to live forever
They became afraid of God/they hide when He called them.
They lost authority over the other creation
Man was to rule over the woman/inequality between man and woman set in.
The woman was to be in pain when giving birth
There developed enemity between the human beings and the serpent
They became embarrassed because of their nakedness
They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden /separated with God
They developed mistrust between man and woman.

(4×2=8 mks)

c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from the faith.

By visiting the/inviting them to their homes
By being patient/forgiving them
By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching
By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
Praying for them
By inviting them back to church
By encouraging them to repent/confess
By offering material needs/aids (5×1= 5 mks)

(a)The characteristics of a covenant between god and Abraham.

A covenant is made between two parties who enter into a mutual agreement. God and Abraham were the two parties that entered into a mutual agreement.
In a covenant promises are made. God made several promises of what He would for Abraham
The covenants solemnized through rituals. Abraham offered animals/birds as sacrifices to God.
A covenant has an outward sign. Abraham was to circumcise all his male children/descendants to show that he made a covenant with God.
Covenant has conditions/obligations to be met. The covenant between God and Abraham was not be broken it bound even his descendants generations later
During covenant making there were witnesses. God as the sole initiator rasped through the sacrifice as the witness to the covenant
A covenant is sealed. It was abseiled through the blood of animal
- Mark for mention
- Mark for explanation

(4x 2=8 mks)

b) The similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
1. In both it promotes one into full membership of the community.
2. It is a mark of identification of a person to a particular community

It is carried out on male children

In both cases circumcision has a religious significance
In both cases special people/religious leaders/head of the communities carry out the operation.
In both cases it unites the members it the ancestors

In both cases members receive new names
In both cases the rite is carried on from generation to generation/out cost compulsory

In both cases the ritual is a communal affair.
In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin

(7×1= 7 mks).

God demands faith/obedience from people.
God is the provider/sustainer/giver
God blesses/curses
God is the protector
God is the controller of the world
God is a spirit/everywhere
God is be worshiped
God guides people
God speaks/makes promises/fulfills promises
God cares for His people.

(a) the functions of the temple in the Jewish community

It was used for worship/prayers
It was the place where the law was taught to children/people
Priest burnt sacrifices/offered incense in the temple to God.
Purification rituals were conducted here
It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites
Dedications/presentations of the babies were carried out in the temple
It was the business centre for Jews. Commercial centre
The Jewish council (Sanhedrin) held their session her/a place where cases were heard/determined/law court
All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here.

(7×1= 7 mks)

b) Ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life.

He married foreign wives/concubines.
He allowed worship of foreign gods/idols/he worshiped foreign gods.

He murdered his half brother adonijah whom he thought would rival his power

He taxed the Israelites heavily for his upkeep
He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on God.
He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on god

He built places of worship for the false gods
He subjected the Israelites to force labuor/slavery during the construction of the temple/his palace.

He signed treaties with his neighbors for protection
He sold land to Hiram King of Tire
He use more time to build his palace than the temple of God

(6×1= 6 mks)

Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power.
Differences in biblical interoperations/hunger for power
Resistance to change by the older church members who want to remain as it was/generation gap.
Material gain/greed selfishness where starting a church has become a business
Lacks of spiritual satisfaction by some members make them start their own churches

Lack of good exam {le/poor role model by the leaders/corrupt leaders

Vii Desire to be free from missionary/foreign control

Viii Differences in mode of worship/ritual observance /model of worship

ix Nepotism/tribalism/clannish/racialism among Christians

The Kenya constitution has allowed freedom of worship
Disagreements in ethical issues/policies in the church regarding how certain

matters should be handled e.g. family planning, dressing.

(a) similarities between prophets in the Old testament and traditional

African communities.

NB/No contrast

Both mediated between God and people.
Both received revelation from God/they were Gods spokespeople /delivered message.
Both foretold the future/predicted/warned/seers
Both played religious as well as political role
Both spoke with authority/charismatic leaders
Both acknowledged the presence of supreme being/supernatural power
In both, there were prophets and prophetesses
Both prophesied to condemn evil in the society
In both, their prophecies were fulfilled
In both there were consulted on various issue sin society.

(b) The teaching of prophet Amos on the remnant and a restoration of the Israelites(Amos 9: 8-15)

God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction
God would bring the people back to their land
The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them
The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance/wine would be in plenty
The people would grow food and harvest it
The people of Israel would peaceful/prosperous
The Israelites would never be taken into exile again.

(5×1=5 mks)

c) The relevance of prophet Amos on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today

Christians are Gods people
It is God who chooses them to be Christians
God chooses one to be a Christians
The Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service.
God protects the His people from their enemies
Christians should be faithful/obedient to god
They will be punished by God if they do wrong.
They should always repent their sins/ask for forgiveness
The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen by God

(a) The promises that Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the times of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28-39)

They were to live according to Gods law/obey all his commandments/requirements
They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
They would make annual contribution towards temple expenses/not to neglect the house of God
They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
They were to offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first born sons/flocks as required by the law
They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
They will not do any business on the Sabbath day.

(4 x2 = 8 mks)

b) The final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in

Judah.

Cleansing of the temple
Reinstating of the Levites and other temple workers
He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for proper Sabbath observance
He separated the Jewish from the foreigners
He purified the priesthood.
Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the chamber
Cleansing the chamber in the temple
Returning the vessels of the house of God
Appointing treasures over the storehouses
Sopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath day
He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.

c) The problem that Christians leaders in their work today.

Opposition from political leaders/society.
Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among Christians
False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft
Misinterpretation of the scriptures
Drug abuse among the members
Lack of adequate time for pastoral care
Poor infrastructure that make it impossible to reach some areas
Insecurity in some parts of the country
Lack of resources to enable them spread the good new/poverty
Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.
Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the day.
Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.

(7×1= 7 mks)

a) Rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African

Communities

There is feasting in family/relatives
Prayers of thanks giving/blessings /protection so offered
Protective charms are given to the mother.
Sacrifices are offered to God
The mother/baby are kept in seclusion
There is dancing/singing for the new life
The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
The baby/mother are given gifts
The mother hair is shaved
Ululations are made to announce the sex of the baby .
The baby is washed
The baby is given bitter/seat substance to take.

(6 x1 = 6 mks)

(b) Reasons why the children are important in traditional African Communities

They ensure the continuity of the society
They inherit the parent property

They take care of there parents during old age.

They cement the relationship between the husband and wife/make the marriage stable
They are a source of labour

They offer security to the society/act as warriors when they grow up

They are a replacement of the dead relatives/ancestors
Children are a source of wealth to the family community

They run errands for the community.

(6×1 = 6 mks)

C.R.E

PAPER II 2009

1 a) The message of Prophet Isaiah messiah (Luke 1: 26-36)

The messiah would be a descendant of David/rule of the throne of David
The messiah will rule forever
He would be despised /rejected by many/a man of sorrow/suffering servant
He would be born of a young woman/virgin
Messianic reign/rule will bring happiness/joy to the Israelites
He would be wounded for people’s transgressions/would suffer for sins of human beings
Peace /prosperity will prevail during the messianic reign
He will be called wonderful/counselor/mighty god/Everlasting Father/Prince of peace/anointed/God Immanuel.
He will rule with justice/ righteousness
He would have characteristics of normal human being/child
His suffering through the will God/it will be initiated by God.

(4 x2 =8mks)

b) The activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2:6-20)

Mary, the mother of baby Jesus wrapped him in swaddling clothes.
She laid him in a manger
Angle of the Lord appeared singing the praise of God
A multitude of angles appeared singing the praise of God.
The shepherds hurried to see the baby
The shepherds spread the news to many people
The shepherd sung/praises God after they had seen baby Jesus
The shepherds retuned to their homes/work.

(6×1 =6 mks)

c) The importance of singing in Christian Service

It is an opportunity to praise/adore God
Christians pass messages/pray through singing
Singing creates a atmosphere of worshippers relax
Singing creates an atmosphere of worship
The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during the service
God given talents are portrayed/enhanced during singing.
Non members are attracted to church through singing
Those who feel depressed era encouraged through singing

Singing unites/brings worshippers together as they all join in chorus/song.

(9×1= 6 mks)

2 (a) A description of when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth (Luke 4: 16-30)

Jesus came to Nazareth where he was brought up.
He went to the synagogue as he usually did on the Sabbath day
He was given book of prophet Isaiah when he stood up to read.
He opened the book, found the place that was written about him and read it to the people.
After reading he closed the book and gave it to the attendant and sat down
Everybody in the synagogue looked at him
He told them that the scripture he has read was fulfilled in their hearing
All people were happy with what he had spoken
People wondered a loud saying “is this not Joseph’s son
Jesus told them that they would ask him to do in his own country things he had done in Capernaum/he told them that a prophet is not accepted in his own country things .
He told them that there were many widows in Israel during the time of Elijah but God sent the prophet to a widow in Zarephath/God only healed Naaman the Syrian of leprosy during the time of Prophet Elisha.
They were filled with anger/wanted to throw him head long the cliff
Jesus passed through their midst and went away.

(7×1= 7 mks)

(b) Reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee Luke 5: 12, 6: 11

Jesus touched a man with leprosy which was against the Jewish law
He forgave sins which the Pharisees knew only god could do/healed the paralyzed man.

He mixed/ate with the tax collectors who were known to be sinners

Jesus made it clear to them that he had not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.
His disciples did not fast, like those of the John the Baptist which annoyed the Pharisees
He challenged them to move from the old traditional orders to the new ones which he had brought

The disciples of Jesus plucked and ate grains on the Sabbath day which was unlawful/he healed a man with a withered hand on a Sabbath

(4×2= 8 mks)

their work

Find out the causes/reasons for the opposition
The church leader should pray for/with them
Explain to them the Gospel truth in a humble manner/guide and counsel them
Seek reconciliation through third party/another person
Involve them in decision making/church activities
Recognize there efforts in supporting the church maters
Visit them in there homes/fellowship with them /preaching
Assist them when in problem. (financial/materially)
Send them message of encouragement
Change your approach to issue/reform where necessary.

(5×1=5)

3 (a) The teaching that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees house in

(Luke 14: 1-14)

Saving a life can be done on a Sabbath day
It well to respond to an emergency even on a Sabbath
Human life is more important than the animal which the Pharisees accept to rescue on the Sabbath day.
It is good for to humble him/sit in lowly place when invited
Those who exalt themselves will be humbled those who humble themselves will be exalted.
It is blessed to invite the poor/maimed/lame /blind tot the feast instead if ones relatives/friends who can invite you in return
Those who do good for the less fortunate will be repaid during the resurrection of the just.

(5×1=5 mks)

b) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teaching in

(Luke 14: 15-24)

He wanted to explain that invitation to god’s Kingdom is open to many people.
He wanted to show that the Jews were given the first chance to be part of god’s Kingdom but they rejected.
He wanted to show that people reject god’s call due to material possession/family commitment which can be a stumbling block ones spiritual life.
He wanted to show that gentiles/outcasts are called to God ‘s Kingdom to replace the non responding Jews.
He needed to explain that the God’s invitation/call are extended to many people/god offers universal salvation.
So as to explain that those who refuse/do not accept god’ call will not receive blessing of god’s Kingdom/will not enter the kingdom of god.
He wanted to challenge the Jews /Pharisees who counted themselves as righteous yet they failed to respond to God’s call.

(4×2=8 mks)

Through it, they remember the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for the forgiveness of sin.
The ceremony is a form of tanking for god’s love/redemption plan
It is time that Christians reaffirm/renew their faith tin God/bind themselves in the covenant
It gives Christians an opportunity to repent/ask for forgiveness of sin
It unites the believers/they fellowship/share with one another
The partakers experience the presence of God through the sharing of the bread and wine which represent his body and blood respectively
It is a sign of obedience to Christ who commanded the disciples to do it in his memory
Through the Christians participate the 2^nd coming of Jesus Christ
It is a foretaste of the heavily banquet/heavenly feast which Jesus promised his disciples.

(a) reasons why Jesus sent the Holy spirit to the disciples after his ascension

The Holy Spirit would comfort the disciples
He was to council the disciples
He would guide the disciples on what is right/god’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He to the disciples on what is right/God’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He was to reveal the future/enable the disciples to prophets/God’s will
He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world.
He would replace the physical presence of Jesus/stay with the disciple forever
He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage/confidence/authority.

(7×1=7 mks)

(b) Teaching of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife relationship in Ephesians 5: 21-32

Members of the church learn to live together in harmony /unity just like a husband and wife.
There is a chain of authority in, marriage where the head of family in the same way Christ is the head of church.
Just as Christ sacrificially loves the church, husband should love wives
The union between a husband and wife is meant to last forever, so Christians are called upon to maintain steadfast faithfulness to Christ unit eternity
Christians are called to submit to Christ just as a wife submits to her husband.
Just as a husband and wife become one flesh, so Christians are supposed to be united/cling to Christ.
Just as Christ nourished/cherishes the church, husbands should care for there wives.

(4×2= 8 mks)

(c)Ways in which Christians identify those who posse the gift of the Holy Spirit.

By listening to there confession. They should confess Jesus as Lord.
By analyzing the kind of teaching they profess. The teaching should be about Jesus Christ/Christian doctrine
By examining there life so ass to know whether they posses/show the fruit of Holy Spirit . (Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, self control, goodness, faithfulness/gentleness.)
By observing their behavior . The behaviour should not contradict the teaching of Jesus Christ/ be role models
When the Christians notice the victorious life of such people over temptations/works of the flesh.
If such persons do not use the gift of the Holy spirit for selfish gains/enrich themselves
When such believers given glory to God/Jesus after serving performing miracles.

(a) Christ teaching on work.

Work is ordained from God/ command from God
Human beings should work to subdue/conquer the earth
Work is good/god himself worked
God blesses a hard worker/worked
God blesses a hard worker/worker/work is rewarded
Christians should work to acquire basic need/necessities
Christians should work to assist these who are needy/less fortunate
Christian work as a co-creator with God.
People should work to emulate Jesus who was a worker/carpenter
Work became a curse/unpleasant after human being fell into sin
Christians should not overwork/ enslave others
Those who work should get a just wage
People should take rest
People should take rest
People should work faithfully/diligently
Work should be done in an orderly manner.

(8×1= 8 mks)

b) The role of professional ethics in work place.

They guide the workers on how to relate with one another
They define how worker should handle/relate with there clients
They help to create healthy interaction between the workers/employees and their supervisors/authority.
They help in maintaining the standards of the service offered/goods produced in a work place
The determine how one should perform his/her duties/keep up the date with the demands of the profession
They help to maintain dignity of the profession/ integrity of the workers
They help the public to respect the professional from undue pressures from other interested parties.
They help to determine the entry requirement/qualifications needed in a given profession.

(3×2=6 mks)

c) Ways in which the church is helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in Kenya today.
The church encourages people to start income generating activities
The church provides loans to the unemployed to start small scale business

The church creates job opportunities through establishing church projects.

It teaches the youth about the dignity of manual work/encourage the youth to participate in agriculture/technical fields.
It organizes seminars for the youth/unemployment on how to utilize their potentials
It condemns corrupt practices which interfere with the recruitment/economic growth.

It encourages its members to pay taxes promptly so that the government can have the resources to employ/pay the workers
It trains/sponsors the youths on vocational skills that are necessary for employment /self employment.

The church tries to be fair when recruiting people for various jobs.

(6x 1 = 6 mks)

6 (a) The negative effects of the introduction of money economy on

traditional African communities.

It has led to introduction of wage labour instead of communal working that existed
It led to migration to town as people search for better paying jobs, destroying the closely knit traditional way of life.

It has led to the formation of Sio-Economic classes among the people/rich versus poor thus creating suspicion/insecurity.

It has created individualism which has destroyed the communal way of living /extended family relationship.
It has led to vices like bribery/corruption/exploitation which have replaced honesty/fairness in traditional African setting.
The dependency on no money has led to social evils like prostitution, immorality which has destroyed the traditional concept of marriage /value of sex.

It has led to private ownership of land /land can be bought by those with money one hence destroying the traditional land ownership.
Dowry has been commercialized thus destroying the traditional African meaning of showing appreciation of the family of the bride /girl

The type of education one receives is now determined by the amount of money one has unlike in the traditional set up where the elders passed on education to all without being paid.
Due to the introduction of money economy modern means of transport have been acquired which has led to accidents/pollution of the environment.
Age is no longer a determinant of social status /a rich young man maybe respected by an elder who is not economically stable.

4×2=8 mks)

(b) Teaching of Jesus on wealth

wealth should be acquired in the right manner
wealth a gift from god/god given
Wealth should be used to serve God/expand God’s Kingdom
Those who have wealth are only stewards
Those who have wealth should share it with others/help the needy/poor
Poverty is not a result of sin/the poor can only enjoy God’s blessing
Wealth can be hindrance for one to enter in the Kingdom of God
One cannot serve God and mammon/wealth
Wealth cannot satisfy all human needs/cannot answer human quest for salvation.
Those who have wealth should avoid extravagance/prodigality/luxury
Earth wealth/possession is temporary
Those who have wealth should use it responsibly. (6×1= 6 mks)

c) Reasons why Christians should involve themselves in gambling

Gambling enables one to get money/wealth without working for it
In gambling one’s gain leads to another person loss
It creates bitterness in the one who losses
The bible condemns gambling/unfair interests
It involves taking advantage of the ignorant players
There is no security on the wealth/money one put in gambling
It is addictive/can become a compulsive habit
It can interfere with family budget/priorities/ can bring misunderstanding in the family/friends.
It can lead to violence/loss of life
It can lead to stress/illness
It shows lack of trust/ dependence upon God
It can lead poverty, time wasting at the expense of productive work. (6×1=6 mks)

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL 2010

CRE PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME

a) The historical Books of the Old Testament.
i) Joshua
ii) Judges

iii) Ruth

iv) First Samuel
v) Second Samuel
vi) First Kings

vii) Second Kings

viii) First Chronicles

ix) Second Chronicles
x) Ezra
xi) Nehemiah

xii) Esther

b) Reasons why the bible is referred to a library.
i) It contains many books.
ii) The books were written by different authors

iii) It has different categories of books/division

iv) The books are written in different styles/forms
v) The books in the bible were written at different times/situation/background
vi) The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purpose

vii) The books were written for different audience/readers

viii) The books are systematically arranged /order/chronological.

ix) book 4 theology

c) Occasions when Christians use the Bible
i) When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
ii) When in court

iii) When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study

iv) During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
v) When teaching Christian Religious Education
vi) When composing songs/plays/Christian literature

vii) During fellowships/prayers/guidance/counselling

viii) During a swearing in ceremony

a) Ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus.
i) He made a passage from them in the Red Sea.
ii) He provided them with manna.

iii) He provided them with quails.

iv) He provided them with water from the stone/rock/asked Moses to purify the bitter water.
v) He gave the Ten Commandments
vi) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians/Amelekites/protect them against change.

vii) He provided a cloud to lead them during the day.

viii) He provided a pillar of fire to lead them in the darkness.

ix) Provided them leaders.

b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God when they were in the wilderness.
i) They built alters
ii) They offered sacrifices

iii) They sang songs/danced

iv) They said prayers
v) They held festivals
vi) They gave offerings/tithes

vii) They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting

viii) They observed the Sabbath day

ix) They burnt incense/burnt offerings.

c) The challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today.
i) The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
ii) The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.

iii) The emphasis of materialism by the churches.

iv) Lack of roles models among the leaders.
v) Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
vi) Misuse of resources by the leaders.

vii) Rise of state-church conflict e.g No/Yes situation.

viii) Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.

ix) Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
x) Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse

a) The commandments that King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke from the story of Naboth’s vineyard.
i) They broke the commandments of not to kill when they planned for the stoning of Naboth.
ii) When they worshipped idols, they broke the rule of not worshipping other gods.

iii) They broke the commandments of not coveting a neighbour’s property when they wanted Naboth’s vineyard.

iv) The commandments of not stealing was broken when they took Naboth’s vineyard.
v) The commandments of not to cheat/bear false witness was broken when they planned instituting for false witness against Naboth.
vi) They used the name of God in vain when they said that Naboth had blasphemed God.

b) Forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel.
i) Death of King Ahab would be in the same place/valley of Jezebel like Naboth.
ii) Evil would be upon Ahab

iii) God was to take away the prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.

iv) Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab
v) All the male children free/slaves would be cut off.
vi) The lineage of Ahab would be wiped out.

vii) The dogs would eat anybody who belongs to the family of Ahab who died in the city.

viii) The birds of the air would eat all who die in the field.

ix) The dogs will eat the body of Jezebel.

c) Reasons why killings was condemned in traditional African communities.
i) Life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed by anybody.
ii) It brings hatred/revenge/ill-feeling among members of the community.

iii) It destroys continuity of the family/community

iv) It brings poverty/denies one the chance to take part in the community development.
v) It breeds suspicion/fear/anxiety.
vi) It destroys harmony/undermines good relationships in the community.

vii) It creates sadness/misery/sorrow to the relatives/community

viii) To avoid being banished/ex-communicated by the community.

ix) Avoid curses/being haunted

a) Characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament
i) They were called by God.
ii) They received revelation from God through dreams/visions/direct command/familiar objects

iii) They were obedient

iv) They faced opposition/rejection from the people because of their uncompromising attitude.
v) They commanded God’s message to the people.
vi) The prophets spoke with authority/were fearless.

vii) They acknowledged one God who was universal/monotheism

viii) They understood the nature of the prophesies.

ix) They preached about God’s judgment for sin/hope for restoration.
x) Their prophesies were fulfilled.
xi) They did not prophesy for material gains

xii) They lead holy lives.

b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the times of prophet Amos.
i) The rich took people’s garment in pledge.
ii) The poor were robbed of their food/gains/belongings

iii) Merchants overcharged the poor when selling them anything.

iv) The poor were sold for a piece of silver/air of shoes as they were considered useless.
v) The goods sold to the poor were unfit for human use/consumption/expired.
vi) The poor were cheated in business deals as the rich used faulty scales/measures

vii) The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts to the rich.

viii) The poor were denied justice in the law courts because they could not bribe the judges.

ix) The cases taken to the courts by the poor were thrown out/not listened to.

c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in Kenya today.
i) There are too many needy cases.
ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.

iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to their camp.

iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy
v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not belong to their group.

vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach the needy.

viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.

ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from contributing.

a) Reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
ii) He did not have the message to the people.

iii) He lacked confidence/courage

iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.

vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he was to deliver (response to the message).

b) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon.
i) He condemned the false belief about the temple not being destroyed because it was God’s dwelling place.
ii) He condemned the hypocrisy/presence of people who committed different sins and came to the temple to worship Yahweh.

iii) He talked about the defiled of the temple by placing idols in it.

iv) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry which was a rebellion to the Sinai covenant.
v) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the commandments of God.
vi) He condemned oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which against the covenant way of

vii) He condemned the stubbornness/rebellion of the Israelites against God’s warning

c) Ways in which church leaders communicate God’s message to the people in Kenya today.
i) Use of print/give out bibles e.g. publications conference/retreat.
ii) Holding public meetings/crusades/Rallies

iii) Through sings songs of praise

iv) Through conducting pastoral care/counseling
v) Through carrying spiritual healing/prayer
vi) Conducting door to door evangelism visits.

vii) Providing material support to the needy.

viii) Through leading exemplary lives.

ix) Through electronic media (6 x 1 = 6 marks)

a) Places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional Africa communities.
i) Under trees/in forests
ii) In caves

iii) At river banks/seashore/lake shores

iv) Near rocks
v) On mountains/hill tops
vi) At waterfalls

vii) In shrines/temples

viii) In homes

ix) Grave sides (6 x 1 = 6 marks)

b) Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities.
i) It is an act of worship.
ii) It enables the people to maintain good relationship with God/Human beings.

iii) As a way of asking for protecting

iv) To appease ancestors/spirits/God for any wrongs done e.g( cleansing forgiveness)
v) In recognition /honour the ancestors of god’s power.
vi) It is a way of acknowledging god as the source of life.

vii) In order to seek God’s intervention in times of trouble.

viii) As a thanksgiving to ancestors/spirits/gods

ix) To invite/ancestors/spirits/God in the function/event.
x) To ask for blessings (7 x 1 = 7marks)

c) Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.
i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.
ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.

iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous

iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the community.
v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.
vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.

vii) They are community values/traditions.

viii) Through the ancestors, the living have a sense of belonging/identify.

ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
x) They provide a reservoir of names. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIO COUNCIL 2010

CRE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME

a) Activities that took place during the dedication of Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:22-40)
Jesus was taken to Jerusalem to be represented to the Lord by his parents.
Simeon took Jesus up in arms/blessed the Lord.
Simeon said that he was ready to die he had seen God’s salvation/a light for revelation to the gentles/the glory to the Israelites.
Simeon blessed the parents of Jesus.
Simeon told Mary Jesus’ Mother that the child was set for the fall and rising of many in Israel.
Anna gave thanks/prayed/spoke of Jesus to all who were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem.
The parents of Jesus performed everything according to the law of the Lord/offered a pair of turtle doves/pigeons.
Parents of Jesus returned home. (4 x 2 = 8 marks)

b) Lessons for Christians from the incident when Jesus was left behind by his parents in the temple(Luke 2:41-52)
Christians should involve their children in prayer/worship of God.
Christians should involve their children in day to day affairs.
Parents should be concerned of where their children.
Children should be taught the world of God/the Bible.
There should be communication among family members/they should inform one another of their whereabouts.
Children should obey their parents.
Parents should love their children.
Christian should accommodate the view of the youth.
Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/he was in his Father’s house.
Christian should exercise tolerance/forgiveness
Christians should give God first priority as Jesus did. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)

c) Ways in which Christian show respect to places of worship in Kenya today.
Christians maintain cleanliness in places of worship.
Christians observe silence in the places of worship.
Places of worship are treated with relevance (e.g in some cases shoes are removed etc)
Christian dress in decent clothing as they go to place of worship.
Order is maintained in places of worship/only authorised people are allowed to talk/make announcement.
Posters/notices/decorations/flowers are put to remind people taht they are in sacred places.
Constructing special places for worshipping God/dedicating them. (5 x 1 = 5marks)

a) Jesus’ teachings on how human beings should relate to one another from the Sermon on the plain (Lk 6:27-38)
Human beings should love enemies.
They should do good to those who hate them.
They should bless those who curse them
They should pray for those who mistreat them
They should help those in need
They should lend without expecting anything in return.
They should show mercy to others
They should not judge/condemn others
Human being should forgive one another/not revenge.
They should be generous
They should do unto others what they expect done to them. ( 5 x 1 = 5mks)

b) Incident in which Jesus calmed the storm (Luke 8:22-25)
Jesus got into a boat with his disciples.
He told them that they should go to the other side of the lake so they sent off.
As they sailed Jesus fell a sleep.
A storm of wind came down of the lake.
The boat was filled with water/they were in danger.
The disciples went and woke Jesus saying “master we are perishing”
Jesus got up, rebuked the wind/the raging water/waves
The storm subsided/ceased/there was calm
Jesus asked the disciples where their faith was
The disciples were afraid/they marveled.
The disciples wondered who Jesus was even the wind and water could obey him. (5 x 2 = 10mks)

c) Virtues that Christian learn from the miracles of the feeding of the five thousand (Lk 9:12-17)
Service
Obedience
Faith/trust
Humility
Cooperation
Thankfulness
Carefulness
Responsibility
Kindness/generosity/sharing
Concern/compassion/mercy
Respect

a) Accusations made against Jesus during his trial (Luke 22:66-23:1-23)
Jesus called himself the Christ/Messiah.
He claimed to be the son of God.
He was inciting people with his teaching.
He was opposing the payment of taxes to Caesar.
He had made himself the King of the Jews against the Roman authority.
Jesus had stirring up the people to revolt.
He was equating himself to god/blasphemy. (4 x 1 = 4mks)

b) Reasons why Jesus appeared to his disciples after his resurrection
He wanted to strengthen their faith.
So as to comfort them

3 Inorder to empower them to serve

He wanted to reassure them that he was the messiah.
So as to commission them to be his witness.
He wanted to tell them about the coming of the Holy spirit/wait for the Holy Spirit.
So as to bless them
In order to confirm to them the Old Testament prophesies had been fulfilled.
He wanted to confirm to them that he alive/had power over death.
He wanted to represent to them the correct interpretation of the suffering messiah/scriptures.

c) Reasons why Christians should be discouraged from taking part in mob justice.
It does not give room to reason.
It is impulse/based on emotions.
It can lead destruction of poverty/life/it is violent physical injuries.
It is unbiblical/it lacks love/against law of the Lord.
It can be fueled by lies/malice/incitement
The victim is denied a change of defending himself/herself
It is a form of relation/revenge
It does not give room for forgiveness/reconciliation/rehabilitation
It can lead to bitterness/regret/psychological suffering. (6 x 1 = 6marks)

a) The teachings of Peter concerning the people of God (1st Peter 2:9-10)
The believers are chosen people/race/they have been selected.
They are a royal priesthood/they are to save the greatest King/God.
They are Holy nation/expected to lead holy/righteousness lives
They belong to God/they form a family of God’s own possession.
They are to declare wonderful deeds of God/that is to lead a life of worshipping God/testifying about God.
They were called from darkness to light/their lives had been transformed and should not be dominated by evil.
They were once not a people/they were outside the covenant way of life.
They are led by the mercies of God/have received God’s grace. (5 x 2 = 10 marks)

b) Ways through which Christian can promote unity.
Christian should hold joint/interdenominational prayers.
Christians take a joint stand against injustice/problems in the society.
They should work together to promote educational programmes in the country.
They should speak with one voice on matters of construction/political life of the nation.
Christians should join together in the training of the clergy/pastors/from different denominations.
They need to provide loans/funds/support to the poor irrespective of denomination affiliations.
Christian churches/organization should employ Christian from different denominations.
Christian communities should unite in provision of medical services.
Christian need to respect one another’s doctrinal positions. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

c) Ways in which kindness as a fruit of Holy Spirit is abused in Kenya today.
By church leaders starting many projects in the church, expecting the congregation to provide the finance.
Some Christian fail to work because they expect assistance from others.
Some Christian over-depends on other problem’s assistance/effort,
Some members of the church failing to return/refund borrowed money and expect the members of the church to understand.
When church leaders demand for payment for all services they render.
When church leaders ask their congregations to cater for their personal needs like further studies/buying of vehicles/etc (4 x 1 = 4mks)

a) Similarities between the Christian and Traditional African on marriage.
In both, marriage is ordained/blessed by God/gift from God.
In both marriage is for procreation
In both, marriage is for companionship.
In both marriage should be permanent.
In both, the husband and wife should respect/love each other.
In both, marriage gives a new status to those who enter/qualifies them for leadership, roles.
Faithfulness in marriage is encouraged.
In both, re-marriage is encouraged after the death of a spouse.
In both, the husband and wife should give conjugal to each other.
In both the husband is the head of the family. (4 x 2 = 8mk)

b) Reasons why young people are choosing to remain unmarried in Kenya today.
They have seen/experienced incidents of broken marriages/unfaithfulness in marriage.
In order to pursue their career/education.
They are not ready to take responsibilities of marriage
Poverty/lack of jobs/inadequate resources to start a family/economic empowerment.
Permissiveness allows many to satisfy their sexual lust without marriage commitment.
Failure to get an expected idea partner.
Marriage is no longer a communal duty/it is an individual decision.
Religious commitment/supersition hinder one from involving themselves in marriage.
Low self esteem/lack of confidence, fear of being jilted/failed relationship. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

c) Ways in which the church is helping to solve domestic violence in Kenya today.
Offering guidance and counselling to couples who are affected.
Holding seminars/conferences for marriage couples.
Developing mass media programmes on family relationship.
Praying for families
Teaching on the need for love/respect/tolerance in marriage.
Members in their homes to encourage them.
Giving material assistance/employment to the needy in order to reduce tension.
Condemn all forms of violence.
Settling disputes among couples/children. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

a) Christian view on plastic surgery
Christian approve plastic surgery when used to restore/improve deformities/treatment.
It is not recommended for beauty/cosmetic reasons since that goes against Lord’s design.
Plastic surgery is like self-glorification thus it is discouraged.
God is more interested in one’s soul than a beautiful body.
Plastic surgery takes the place of God who is the creator/challenges God the creator.
The intention of plastic surgery in most cases is to created celebrities who become objects of worship.
Risks involved when performing surgery can lead to deformity/death.
It shows lack of appreciation of oneself. (5 x 2 = 10mks)

b) Ways through which science and technology has negatively affected the environment created by God.
Use of chemicals has led to the pollution of water/soils
Emission of smoke from industries/nuclei factories leads to pollution of air.
Felling trees has led to desertification/drying up of rivers.
Manufacturing of plastic materials has led to environmental degradation.
Science and Technology has led to the over utilization of natural resources like fish/wildlife.
quarrying/mining had led to environmental degradation. (4 x 1 – 4mks)

c) Ways in which the youth in the Church can carry out environmental restoration in Kenya today.
The youth should sensitize people on the importance of protecting the environment/theatre performance in environment.
They should teach/on methods of environmental conservation gabions terracing contour ploughing etc.
They need to form church organizations/clubs/societies aimed at environment conservations.
The youth should raise funds to support environmental exploitation/degradation.
They should raise funds to support environmental conservation programmes.
They take part in the environmental days for planting of trees/cleaning occasions.
They should lobby the government to enact laws that are aimed at protecting the environment.
They should act responsible/be role models on issues regarding the environment. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

CRE

2011

PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES

The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school

It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth
The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life
It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
It leads to employment / carrer

(b) The major division of the old and new testament

(i) law books.

(ii) Historical books.

(iii) Prophetic books.

(iv) poetic books

(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books

vi) Epistles / letters

(c)Ways in whichtheBible, is misusedin Kenya today.

(i) It is used to takeoaths in courts/ officesby people who may not be believers/

not saying thetruth.

(ii)It is kept in places associated withevil.

(iii) There is distortion of the Biblicalteachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil

individual demand misinterpretation

(iv)Some people use Biblelikean ordinary..text book I reference .

(v)It is beingused in witchcraft / cults to mislead people

(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade

(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible

(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display

Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses

7×1-7 marks

2(a)How God prepared theIsraelitesfor themaking of thecovenant atMt.Sinai

(i)God toldMoses to remind thepeople of”Israelof how he had brought them out of Egypt

(ii) God toldMoses thatHe wanted to make aspecial relationship with Israel/ make
them a kingdom of priests

(iii) Moses calledalltheelders/ people andtoldthemwhatGod hadsaid.

(iv) God toldMoses thathe wanted theIsraelitesto obey him.

(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord hadsaid.

(vi) God promised to come down and meet withthe people on thethird day.

(vii) The people were ins tructedto consecratedthemselves/washtheir garments

(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships

On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an earthquake.
Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at the foot of the mountain
The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him

(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai

(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .

(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader

(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel

(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry

(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds

(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God

(i) God is caring

(ii) He communicates

(iii) He provides

(iv) He is powerful

(v) He guides

(vi) He protects

(vii) He commands

(viii) He is to be obeyed

(ix) He punishes those who disobey him

He is holy
He is faithful
He is patient
He is merciful
He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks

(a) The failures of king Saul

(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it

(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.

(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of king Agag.

(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them

(v) He lost faith in God

(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David

(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God

(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 marks

(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel

(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .

(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel

(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites

(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .

(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.

(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours

(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship

(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.

(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple

( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.

(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .

(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .

(iv) Religious function take place there.

(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .

(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .

(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God

(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God

(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity

(x) As a sign of growth

4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament

They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
They were called by God
They were given specific tasks to carry out
They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
They were persecuted for their work
They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 marks

(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel

(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd

(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah

(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11

(iv) God called him through a vision

(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy

(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience

(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.

(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God

(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .

(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits

(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple

(a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia

(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem

(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .

(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands

(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths

(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes

(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession

(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of Nehemiah and

the priest.

(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.

(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side. 4 x 2 = 8marks

(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah

(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God

(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.

(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .

(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple

(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.

(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.

(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry

(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.

(ii) They should lead righteous lives.

(iii) Christian should always pray to God

(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility

(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God

(vi) They should teach others the word of god

(vii) They should set aside aday for worship

(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 marks

(a) The traditional African view of a community

(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead / the ancestors

(ii) The members speak common language

(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption

(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region

(v) They carry out similar economic activities.

(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans

(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural /practices

(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others

(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community

Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks

(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God

(i) The introduction of western culture

(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems

(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.

(iv) some people rely on science and technology

(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .

(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God

(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .

(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.

(ix) modern education

(i) In both members pray to God

(ii) In both they give offering

(iii) In both members sing songs

(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need

(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly

(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully

(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship

(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders

(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God

CRE 2011

PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEMES

(a) What took place when Mary visited Elizabeth.

(i) She entered Zechariah’s home,

(ii) She greeted Elizabeth.

(iii) When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greetings the baby in her womb leaped.

(iv) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.

(v) Elizabeth exclaimed with a loud cry.

(vi) She blessed Mary and child in the womb.

(vii) Elizabeth wondered why Mary the mother of her Lord has visited her

(viii) ‘Elizabeth informed Mary that the baby in her womb had leaped for joy in her greetings.

( ix) Mary responded by praising God

(x) Mary stayed with Elizabeth for three months.

(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth

(i) Christians should be righteous / upright / blameless

(ii) They should obey God’s commandments

(iii) They should persevere / be patient

(iv) They should serve God faithfully /commitment.

(v) They should be prayerful.

(vi) They should depend on God / ask God for their needs

(vii) They should believe God’s word .

(viii) They should thank God for blessings

(ix) They praise / worship the lord

(x) They should desire to be led by the Holy Spirit

(xi) Christian should rejoice at the blessings of others.

6 x1 = 6 marks

(i) They sing / listen to Christian songs /carols

(ii) They attend Christmas worship/service/ mass

(iii) They partake of the Holy communion/ Eucharist

(iv) They exchange gifts / cards / messages of goodwill

(v) They visit friends/ relatives.

(vi) They decorate their homes/churches

(vii) They buy/ wear new clothes

(viii) They prepare special dishes /drinks

(ix) They rest from normal duties

(x) They hold Christmas concerts/ drama

(xi) They watch movies /films on the birth of Jesus

(xii) They read Christmas stories /the bible

They help the needy /acts of charity
They repent /rededicate themselves to God.

2.(a) The teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the plain on how human beings should relate
to one another.

(i) Human beings should love one another / their enemies.

(ii) They should practice sharing / help others

(iii) They should be merciful| to each other.

(iv) They not judge / condemn others.

(v) They forgive one another / not to revenge.

(vi) Pray for those who wrong them

(vii) They should not discriminate against one another.

(b) A description of the incident in which Jesus forgave the sinful woman

(i) Jesus had been invited by a Pharisee for dinner.

(ii) While he was at the table a sinful woman came with an alabaster flask of ointment.

iii) She stood at Jesus’ feet weeping and wet his feet with her tears.

(iv) She used her hair to wipe the feet of Jesus,

(v) She kissed the feet of Jesus

(vi) She then anointed the feet of Jesus with the ointment.

(vii) The Pharisee who had invited Jesus questioned in his heart whether Jesus was a prophet

(viii) Jesus knew the thoughts of Simon and told him the parable of the creditor and the two debtors .

(ix) Jesus asked Simon who of the two debtors would love the creditor more

(x) Simon said the debtor with more debt would lovethe creditor more

(xi) He told simon that the woman had shown much love because her many sins had been forgiven .

(xii) Jesus then told the woman that her sins had been forgiven

(xiii) The other guests began to question who Jesus was to have the power to forgive sins

Jesus told the woman that her faith had saved her.
He told her to go in peace

(i) To be at peace with God

(ii) To show obedience to the teachings of Jesus

(iii To improve their relationship with others

(iv) It gives them confidence to serve God

(v) To acknowledge their weakness / a sign of humility

(vi) It shows their desire to lead a righteous life

(vii) It is a sign of appreciation of God’s mercy

(viii) It is a way of self reproach

(ix) It is a demonstration of their faith in God

(x) so as to be forgiven by God.

3.(a) The instructions that Jesus gave to the seventy two disciples when he sent them on a mission.

(i) The disciples were to pray for more labourers to be sent for the harvest,

(ii) The disciples were not to carry any pulse / bag / sandals.

(iii) They were not to salute anyone on the road.

(iv) They were to say peace any house they entered.

(v) They were to remain in the same house / NOT to go from house to house.

(vi)They were to eat / drink whatever was provided.

(vii) They were to heal the sick

( viii) They were, to tell the people that the kingdom of God has corne near

(ix) They were to wipe off the dust on their feet against the people if not received.

4×2=8marks

(b) The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector.

(i) Two men went into the Temple to pray, a Pharisee and a tax collector.

(ii) The pharisee praised himself in prayer.

(iii) He said he was holy / better than others / tax collector.

(iv) The tax collector also prayed but could not lift his eyes to heaven.

(v) The tax collector beat his breast saying he is a sinner / asked for God’s mercy.

(vi) It was the prayer of the tax collector that was accepted / the tax collector was justified

(vii) Jesus concluded by saying that whoever exalts himself will be humbled / whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

(i) To show their dependence in God / faith in God

(ii) To express the power /greatness of God /adore / honour God

(iii) They pray to ask for their needs / seek guidance.

(iv) Through prayer, they confess their sins / ask for forgiveness.

(v) To thank God for his faithfulness / goodness / blessings.

(vi) Prayer helps to relieve fears / anxiety / worries.

(vii) It is an instrument through which the work of satan is destroyed.

(viii) To communicate with God / have fellowship with God.

(ix) To follow the example of Jesus.

(x) It is a command from God / a sign of obedience.

4 (a) How Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost.

(i) Peter was filled with the Holy spirit.

(ii) He started speaking in tongues.

(iii) He became courageous / defended the disciples that they were not drunk.

(iv) He was able to remember Old Testament prophecies / teachings.

v) He began witnessing the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
vi) He called people to repentance.

(vii) He was empowered to perform miracles.

(b) Saint Paul’s teaching on how the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used in the church.

( i) The gifts of the Holy Spirit should be used for the common good of all

(ii) They should be used to strengthen / encourage &comfort members

(iii) They should be used to bring unity not to discriminate /divide members

(iv) There is need to respect / appreciate all the gifts

(v) They should be used in an orderly way / no confusion

(vi) The gifts should be used in love.

(vii) The gift of speaking in tongues should be minimised in public

(viii) There is need to have interpretation of tongues for them to be meaningful /helpful.

(ix) Prophecies should be carefully evaluated / weighted.

(i) Some Christians lack the gift of healing.

(ii) They are afraid of being infected.

(iii) Because of religious / denominational f’ barriers .

iv) They lack knowledge / skill of handling the sick.

(v} They have no time for the sick.

(vi) Lack of faith in healing / miracles.

(vii) Because of poverty / may not have enough resources to share.

(viii) Lack of love for the needy / sick.

(ix) It is difficult for some Christians to determine those who are genuinely sick

(x) Due to social differences / status / educational background.

(xi) ‘Due to nepotism /ethnic affiliations.

Due to gender biases,

5.(a) Reasons why manual work is important in Kenya today.

(i) Through manual work human being emulate God as a worker.

(ii) It is a sign of being obedient to God’s instructions to work.

(iii) It enables human beings to look after / preserve the environment / be co-creators

with God.

(iv) It keeps the body physically fit.

(v) Human beings are able to obtain their basic needs / earn their living through manual work

(vi) It is a way of serving others / community

(vii) It enables human beings to develop their talents / abilities.
(viii) Manual work gives satisfaction / fulfillment

(ix) It keeps one busy / active

(b) Activities that the youth should engage in during their leisure time

(i) Taking part in church choir / singing.

(ii) Helping the sick / needy.

(iii) Taking part in retreats / seminars / camps

(iv)Reading Christian literature.

(v) Playing games.

(vi) Planting flowers / trees / cleaning the compound.

(vii) Watching TV / listening to Christian music / messages.

(viii) Taking part in Bible study.

(ix) Visiting their friends/relatives

It may lead to poor working relations.
The organization may realize low output.

(iii) The workers may resort to a strike action / go slow,

Some of the employees may lose their job through sacking/resignation,

(v) It can lead to poor health / death.

It may lead to break| up of families.
It can lead to labour conflicts between the employer/ employee,
Mistrust may arise leading to close supervision,
Employees may develop negative attitudes towards work.
Accidents are likely to occur.
Vandalism

6 (a) Ways in which Christians can contribute towards maintenance of law and order in society.

(i) By obeying the law of the land / leading exemplary lives,

(ii) By respecting the lawful authority.

(iii) Through rehabilitating criminals.

(iv) By condemning acts which violate human rights/unjust laws.

(v) Through educating the masses on their rights and responsibilities.

(vi) By sharing what they have with the needy,

(vii) By praying for peace / the national leaders / citizens,

(viii) By preaching on the importance of law and order/peace,

(ix) Forgiving others freely.

(x) Reporting criminals to the relevant authorities,
(xi) Through-reconciling the waring-parties.

(xii) Through guidance and counseling services.

(b) Methods of disciplinary errant members in traditional African communities.

(i) Paying fines.

(ii) Denying children food for sometime.

(vi) Summoning an indiscipline member before the council of elders.

(vii) Excommunicating wrong doers from the community.

(viij) ‘Through caning and beating.

(ix) Disowning by parents / relative / friends.

(x) Being cursed by elders,

(xi) Refusing to name children after them.

(i) There is an increase in the rate of crime / the law enforcement officers can not

cope with the work load.

(ii) Due to unequal distribution of resources,

(iii) Permissiveness in the society.

(iv) Due to political instability / incitement by politicians,

(v) Extreme poverty.

(yi) Social discrimination.

vii) Some cultural beliefs / practices hinder effective maintenance of law/

(viii) High rate of unemployment.

(ix) Bribery / corruption.

x) Greed for material wealth

(xi) Inadequate modern equipment to combat crime,

(xii) Delay in the delivery of justice to the offended.

(xiii) The citizens lack knowledge on the procedures for the effective maintenance of law and order.

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEMEME-2012

(a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible

(i) Poetry

(ii) Wise sayings

(iii) Prose/narratives

(iv) Letters/Epistles

(v) Legal/Law expressions

(vi) Songs

(vii) Prophetic/ speeches

(viii) Gospels

(ix) Philosophical essays

(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah

xi) Sermons (6×1=6 marks)

(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early Christians.

(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.

ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted

iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed material to refer to.

iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.

(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians

vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles

vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion

(4×2= 8 marks).

(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.

(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study

(ii) They use it for instructing converts.

(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools/colleges.

(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.

(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.

(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.

(vii) It is used as a prayer book

(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism

(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.

x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines

(6 x 1 = 6 marks)

a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.

(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.

(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of Damascus.

(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would be as the stars.

(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a dove and a young pigeon.

(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.

(vi) The birds were not cut.

(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.

(viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.

(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for four

hundred years but He would set to liberate them.

(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.

(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and a flarming torch.

xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.

(7x1=7marks)

b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.

(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African

communities it is for both boys and girls.

(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African communities it is done during adolescent stage.

(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in traditional African communities it is to promote one to adult life.

(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional African communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.

(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African communities.

(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.

(4×2= 8 marks)

c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.

(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.

(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.

(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.

(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.

(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.

(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.

(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.

(5×1=5marks)

(a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.

(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.

(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious occasion.

(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.

(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.

(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.

(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.

(vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do

viii) He entered into a covenant with God.

ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices

(6×1=6marks)

(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.

(i) Asseniyeness – he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.

(ii) Creative thinking – He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and himself.

(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.

(iv) Self esteem – He was convinced that God was on his side.

(v) Negotiation – Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.

(vi) Conflict resolution – Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the true God.

(vii) Effective communication – He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried out.

(viii) Self awareness – He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had confidence in himself.

(4×2 = 8marks)

(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.

(i) They receive threats from the opponents.

(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.

(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.

(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.

(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.

(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.

(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/ Science & technology.

(viii) Greed for things/property.

(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.

(x) There is political interference in their work.

(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.

xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media

xiii) Rejection

(6×1 = 6 marks)

a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel

(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.

ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.

iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against God’s teaching.

iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God

vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts

(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.

(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine

x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.

(4×2=8 marks)

b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet Amos.
i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.
ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile

iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.

iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.

v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.

vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.

(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.

(viii) There would be earthquakes.

(c) How the church punishes errant members.

(i) The church suspends them

(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.

(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages

(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.

(v) They may be warned.

(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.

(vii) They may be sacked from the job

(viii) They may be excommunicated.

ix) Payment of fines

(6×1 = 6 marks)

a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.

(i) God is the creator

(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.

(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.

(iv) God is holy.

(v) God hates/punishes evil.

(vi) God is just/judges

(vii) He is caring/concerned.

(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.

(ix) God is universal.

(x) God is a protector/deliverer

(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.

(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.

(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.

(8×1=8 marks)

(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.

(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.

(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.

(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.

(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.

(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.

(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.

Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.

(viii) It would be initiated by God.

(6×1 = 6 marks)

(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.

(i) By donating food clothing for them.

(ii) By providing shelter for them.

(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.

(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.

(v) Through healthcare.

(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.

(vii) By providing financial assistance

(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6×1 = 6 marks)

(ix) Through visiting them.

x) Praying for/ with them.
xi) Preaching to them

(6×1 = 6 marks)

a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with God.

(i) They make sacrifices to God.

ii)They sing/dance for God.

iii) They say prayers to God.

iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name
v) They give offerings/food stuffs
vi) Through burning incense

(5 x 5 = 5 marks)

(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African communities.

i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity

iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.

iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies

vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.

(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.

(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice

(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates

xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness

(8×1=8 marks)

(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.

i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.

iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property

iv) It involves cheating/telling lies
v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.

vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication

viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.

ix) It leads to underdevelopment.
x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.
xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family

(7×1=7 marks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEMEME-2012

a) Micahs prophecies about Messiah.
i) The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem
ii) He will rule over Israel

iii) His origin is from the old/ancient days.

iv) He will be born of a woman.
v) He will feed his flock.
vi) He will rule in the majesty/power of God.

vii) In his time, Israel will be secure.

viii) He shall be great to the ends of the earth

ix) Israel will have victory over her enemy/ there will be peace in Israel.

(7×1=7marks)

b) The message of Angel Gabriel about John the Baptist;
i) John the baptist was to be a son
ii) His name was to be John

iii) He would bring joy/ gladness to his parents/ many will rejoice at his birth.

iv) He will be great before God.
v) He was to drink no wine/strong drink
vi) He was to be filled with the Holy spirit from his mother’s womb

vii) He would turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God

viii) He was to go before the Lord in the spirit/power of Elijah.

ix) He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children/ the disobedient to the wisdom of the
x) He was to make ready for the Lord a people prepared.

(7×1=7marks)

c) Lessons Christians learn from Jesus when was dedicated.
i) Christians should be righteous before God in order to experience Him in their lives.
ii) Christians should thank God for blessing them.

iii) They should trust/have faith in God.

iv) Christians should reach out to all people/preach salvation to them.
v) Christians should show compassion to the needy in society.
vi) Christians should be devoted in their worship of God regardless of the challenges they

vii) Christians should dedicate their children to God/fulfil the church obligations.

(3×2 = 6marks)

a) The incident when Jesus was baptised in river Jordan by John the Baptist.
i) John the Baptist baptised all the people
ii) Jesus was also baptised

iii) Jesus was praying

iv) The heavens opened.
v) The Holy spirit descended upon Jesus.
vi) A voice came from heaven.

vii) Jesus was described as the beloved son of God with whom He was pleased.

b) Reasons why Christians undergo baptism today.
i) Baptism enables them to become children of God.
ii) It enables one to become a member of a Christian community/Christian denomination.

iii) It enables them to receive the power of the Holy Spirit.

iv) It enables them to identify themselves with Christ/ all that he stands for.
v) It symbolises that one has died and resurrected with Christ, leaving the old sinful nature/ acquisition of a new life in Jesus
vi) Through baptism, one receives complete forgiveness of sins.

vii) It prepares Christians for the kingdom of God.

viii) It unites Christains as members of the body of Christ which is the Church.

ix) It symbolises obedience to Jesus’ teaching.
x) It acts as an outward sign of their inner faith as it is done publicly.
xi) It is a sign of a new covenant with God.

c) Importance of the transfiguration of Jesus to Christian today;
i) It took place when Jesus and three of his disciples were praying. Christians should therefore take time off their duties to pray.
ii) Jesus and his disciples had retreated to a private place/ mountain to pray Christians therefore should have retreats/ go to a private place for prayer.

iii) Resurrection is a reality since Moses who died appeared in the transfiguration. Christians therefore should have hope for life after death.

iv)Moses and Elijah appeared to encourage Jesus about the suffering he was about to face. Christians therefore learn that they should accept/endure suffering as a way to salvation.

v) Jesus came to do the will of his Father/fulfill the law/prophecies. Christians are assured of salvation/should believe in the word of God.
vi) The disciples heard the voice of God which commanded them to listen to Jesus. Christians learn that God speaks to them/they should listen to Gods voice/Jesus the word of God.

vii) The cloud symbolized God’s presence with Jesus. Christians therefore learn that God is always with them/ they should call upon Him for help/desire to be in the presence of God.

(4×2 = 8marks)

a) The healing of the ten lepers.
i) Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem
ii) He met ten lepers/men who were suffering from leprosy.

iii) The men stood at a distance/shouted at Jesus to have mercy on them.

iv) Jesus told them to go and show themselves to the priests.
v) As they went, they were healed/cleansed.
vi) One of them, a Samaritan came one’s praising God/thanked Jesus

vii) Jesus asked where the other nine were.

viii) Jesus wondered at the fact that only a foreigner returned to give praise to God.

ix) Jesus asked him to rise/go his way for his faith had made him well.

(7×1=7marks)

b) Jesus teaching on the power of faith;
i) Faith gives believers strength to overcome temptations/sin.
ii) It enables them to forgive each other constantly

iii) It makes even the weakest strong.

iv) Enables believers to perform their duties without expecting material rewards.
v) Faith enables believers to work tirelessly because there is a lot of work to be done.
vi) Faith leads to physical healing.

vii) Faith enables believers to show gratitude to God for his blessings/benefits they have received from Him.

viii) It enables them to experience the kingdom to God in their hearts.

ix) It enables believers to enter the kingdom of God/receive eternal life.

(4×2=8marks)

c) Lessons Christian learn from the parable of the ten pounds.
i) Christians should use the abilities that God has given them for the benefit of others.
ii) Christians will be rewarded according to their performances.

iii) Christians have been given different gifts/abilities by God.

iv) Christians will give an account of how they used their abilities.
v) Christians need to be obedient/honest.
vi) God expects Christians to use opportunities provided for His glory.

vii) Christians will lose their abilities if not put to use/punished.

(5×1=5marks)

a) How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ.
i) St. Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
ii) Christ is the head of the church

iii) The believers form parts of the body.

iv) The body has different organs. In the same way the Church has different members
v) They all need to work together for the well being of the church.
vi) Every part of body is needed to make it whole all parts are interdependence/ one part cannot be without the other.

vii) The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the Holy Spirit to carry out God’s work.

viii) Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.

b) Reasons why the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the Church at Corinth;
i) There was competition in speaking in tongues
ii) There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to outdo one another

iii) People did not use their gifts for the benefit of the Church/one another.

iv) Some gifts such as prophecy/teaching were looked down upon/there was pride/boasting.
v) There was no interpretation of tongues when the gift of speaking in tongues was in use, hence messages were not understood.
vi) People did not show love for one another.

vii) Those with the gift of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have/some members thought they were too spiritual.

c) Ways in which the Christians in Kenya demonstrate the New testament teaching on unity.
i) Christians meet for prayers/fellowship together.
ii) They observe a day of worship to honour God.

iii) They share the Holy communion/meals.

iv) They help those who are poor/needy
v) They solve problems affecting the Church members
vi) They hold joint crusades/rallies

vii)They also cooperate by providing Christian programmes in the mass media/ resource materials.

viii) They speak in one voice to condemn evil in society

a) Sources of Christian ethics.
i) Human reason/experience
ii) The bible

iii) Traditions from Christian community

iv) Natural law.
v) Situation ethics.

b) Reasons why Christian condemn homosexuality;
i) Homosexuality is a form of sexual immorality
ii) It is against God’s/ Biblical teaching it is a sin

iii) It is an abuse to the sacredness of sex

iv) It is contrary to the natural order of things.
v) Homosexuality does not enable procreation to take place
vi) It lowers the dignity of human beings who are created in the image of God

vii) It can lead to diseases like Hiv/AIDs leading to human suffering.

viii) It leads to rejection/being an outcast.

(7×1=7marks)

c) How responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians in Kenya today.
i) Christian parents provide physical /basic needs for the family

ii)They provides spiritual guidance to their children

iii) They teach their children to live in harmony with others/moral values

iv) They provide their children with education in order to acquire necessary knowledge/skills to realize their full potential
v) They act as role models for their children
vi) They discipline/correct the children whenever they deviate from the norms

vii) They provide protection/security to their children which enables the children to deal with situations in life.

viii) They teach their children how to grow physically/socially/psychologicaly so as for them to understand changes in their bodies as they develop.

(4×2=8marks)

a) The traditional African concept of wealth.
i) Wealth is a blessing from God.
ii) It is part and parcel of human existence

iii) It is measured in the amount of property/wives/children one has

iv) It can be individually/communally owned.
v) Wealth is acquired through hardworking/inheritance/gift
vi) Wealth determines ones social status.

vii) Wealth should be used to help the needy in society

viii) There are rules governing how it is distributed.

ix) Wealth is used to worship God/appease ancestors

b) Reasons why corruption is widespread in Kenya today
i) Unemployment cases which makes an individual desperate to secure an employment chance by engaging in corrupt activities.
ii) Desire for instant services/ make some people become corrupt.

iii) Some people feel that they have not been adequently paid for work done hence engage in corrupt acts to compensate themselves

iv) Fear of arrest/punishment make law breakers to engage in corrupt deals.
v) Some people engage in corrupt deals in order to be served due to ignorance of their rights.
vi) Lack of moral integrity by some people.

vii) Greed makes some people to engage in corruption

viii) Due to tribal/ethnic affiliations.

ix) There is no efficient machinery to curb corrupt practice.

(x) The Judiciary is not able to deal with injustice cases take too long tobe determined.

(xi) Some government agents abusethe power bestowed upon them.

(xii) The belief of the common person that the government is a master and therefore has

to be corrupted before receiving services.

(8 x 1 = 8 marks)

c) Ways the Church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya.

(i) The Church preaches/teaches/encourages hard work among the citizens which enables them to fight poverty.

(ii) The Church speaks against vices like oppression/exploitation of the poor by the rich in the society which are promoting poverty.

(iii) The Church takes care of the poor by providing them with material possession

(iv) The Church has established projects that offer employment to members of the society this enables them to take care of their needs.

(v) The Church gives out bursaries to the needy children enabling them undertake education and get employment.

(vi) The Church is offering subsidized medical services which enhances the economic output/ productivity of the people.

(vii)The Church is working together with the government to create a peaceful society which promotes economic/social development.

(viii) The Church prays for God’s intervention in the lives of the poor which gives them hope in life.

(ix) It offers guidance and counselling to the poverty stricken thus enabling them to open up to realities of life.

(6×1=6 marks)

____________________________________________________________________________

K.C.S.E C.R.E PAPER 11996

Reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians

(i) It provides moral and spiritual guidance

(ii) Helps them discover the will of God/ God reveal himself through bible

(iii) Reading the bible is an aspect of Christians worship/ a way of worshipping

(iv) The bible is the basis of Christians doctrines and practices/ Helps in

understanding Christians doctrines/eschatological times.

It gives guidance on the relationship among human beings/ and between human beings and God
It is the word of God
Christians come to discover who they are/ help a person discover his/ her worth dignity of the human person.
It is a source of consolation to xtions/ gives hope to xtions/ personarace hope.
Source of inspiration
Source of knowledge/ enlightened/ improves their knowledge
Helps in spiritual development and maturity/ enlightens them/ improve their faith
Helps them understand the universe/ environment/ their relationship to it.
Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God/ and to one another.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teaching on the relationship between human being and the environment from Genesis stories of creation
- Both human beings and the environment were created by God/ common origin
- Human beings are superior to all other creatures
- Human beings should take care of the environment/ preserve and conserve it
- Human beings have authority over the rest of creation subdue the earth
- Human beings should enjoy God’s creation/ the rest of creation was made for the human beings/ use for glory of God
- All creation is very good human beings should treat the rest of creation with reverence respect.
- Human beings and the environment ( rest of creation) are independent/ over their existence to each other.
- Human beings and the rest of God’s creation have a common destiny.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness during the

Exodus

(i) They celebrated the three yearly feasts to honour and thank God- the Passover Pentecost and Tabernacle.

(ii) Three times a year all the menfolk presumed themselves before God

They built an altar of earth for God
On the alter they sacrificed the holocaust and communion sacrifices from their flocks and heads
They hallowed the altar of God/ kept it holy
Approached God’s altar with respect/ honour/ reverence
They observed the ten commandment to guide them in their day to day living
They assembled at the foot of Mount Sinai and God gave them the Ten commandments
They made tabernacle (tent of meeting) which symbolized God’s presence among them.
They gave offerings of various articles to God e.g. gold, bronze, silver and oil
They burnt incense to the Lord
They observed the Sabbath as a day of worship
They prayed to God/ some praised / danced
They held the covenant ceremony at mount Sinai
They paid a tithe for upkeep of the tabernacle
They consecrated the tent of meeting

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Challenges faced by Prophet Elijah (challenges faced by Elijah himself)

(i) There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites / worshiping

false god

There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of life
There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some of prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into hiding
The people had abandoned the worship of Yahweh and ignored to life and practicing syncretism the covenant way of life.
He had to face opposition and even threats on his life from Jezebel and Arab
There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel by Jezebel to promote false religion
He had to face king Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
Convincing the people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh
Had to prove to Israel that it is Yahweh who was the true god and not Baal by holding a contest at mountCannel in which he challenged the prophets of Baal
He had to endure hardships in the wilderness

1 mark for properly analyzed answers ½ for narrated answers

Jesus teaching on sin

(i) Jesus has power to forgive sins

(ii) God forgives people’s sins on condition that they also forgive others

We should ask God to forgive our sin/ should repent
We should ask God to protect us against sin.
Nothing is covered that shall not be revealed sins will be exposed
Sin comes from the heart
Sin is not only the act but evil thoughts also
We should forgive each other our sins
Those who cause/ lead others to sin will be severely punished
Forgiveness of sin should be limitless
Sins that are forgiven on earth are also forgiven in heaven
Sin leads to death ( Luke 13: 1-5) sin leads to punishment/ loss of God kingdom / separation from God
All other sins are forgivable by God except the sin of blasphemy
Sin should be condemned / rebuked

Instructions given by Jesus to his disciples on how to pray
- Prayers must be honest/ sincere
- To humble themselves before God during prayer/ not to exalt oneself rather be humble.
- Prayer should be addressed to God who is the loving heavenly father
- To be persistent in prayer/ wait patiently for God to answer prayers/ Not to loose hope
- To have faith in God hence prayer
- Prayers should be short, clear and to the point
- Should show honour to God before making any request
- Prayer should be made in private/ silent places (Jesus always withdrew from the crowd to go and pray).

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians
- To help in search of spiritual knowledge
- It is read to increase Godly knowledge
- Help Christians learn virtues/ morals hence be role models to others
- Helps in giving instructions to Christians on how to live Godly lives/ it is instructional
- It is used as the main reference book by the pastors/ priests/ evangelists during preaching
- Used as a guide on how God expects us to live

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teachings on the use of wealth from the story of the Rich man and Lazarus
- Wealth should not be used to buy luxuries when others are suffering languishing in misery and poverty/ not for ones glory
- Wealth should be sued to alleviate the suffering of others/ to help the poor and the needy
- The rich should show concern for the suffering of others
- Wealth should be used to spread the good news/ Glorify God
- Use the earthly wealth to acquire a place in the kingdom of God
- Wealth should not be used to oppress humiliate the poor
- Wealth should not be used selfishly/ should be shared

Ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the holy church
- The persecution of Christianity by Roman authorities forced Christian to disperse in different parts of the empire to escape persecution. As they went to spread the Good news and where they settled they started the Christian community. The blood of the martyr is the seed of the church.
- The roman authorities had provided good roads and other infrastructure which make communication easy. Thus Christians missionaries and preachers were able to travel with relative ease.
- The roman authorities maintained law and order therefore peace a factor which enabled Christian missionaries to travel safely within the empire
- There was unity in the Roman empire, under the ruler in Rome thus citizens of the empire could move from place to place without hindrance or visas. A factor which helped the Christians missionaries in their travels
- Greek was the common language ( Lingua- Franca) of the empire which enabled the Christians to communicate their message wherever they went
- The empire had adopted Greek education philosophy and cultures which provided a point of departure in preaching the gospel.
- The organization skills of the Roman administrators, provinces, city states and towns helped the Christians in founding churches
- There was some degree of religious freedom which had allowed Jewish synagogues to exist in cities from where the missionaries started preaching the
- The roman authorities gave roman citizenship to non- romans which allowed them the same privileges as the Roman themselves. Those Christians like Paul who had this citizenship could travel throughout the empire with guaranteed safety and
- Later part of roman empire, Christianity was encouraged by Emperor Eenstantine.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Activities of the church in Kenya which show the Holy Spirit is working

among Christians

Praying e.g. individual, congregational
Decision making in the church/ solving issues and problems in the church
Faith healing/ healing the sick
Speaking in tongues
Singing in tongues
Singing and dancing/ music
Preaching/ teaching
Giving of offertory and alms/ sadaka
Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
Hold fellowship meeting/ Bible study/ reading the bible
Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/ Lord’s supper
Bringing new converts to the church
Pastoral care and consulting
Helping the poor and the needy
Working together of the churches/ ecumenism/ co-operation
Writing Christians literature e.g. books/ pamphlets/ magazines
Confession of sins/ reconciliations
Education/ giving instructions

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways of showing respect to the Government

(i) Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of the nation

(ii) Working towards the welfare/ development of the country

Performing the duties expected of them/ entrusted to them faithfully
Preaching against sin/ Evil e.g. injustice, exploitation, tribalism, sexism, oppression
Exercising their civic rights e.g. right to vote, during elections
Pray for the government and for leaders, the welfare of the nation
Preaching peace/ love/ justice and reconciliation
Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g. helping the sick, poor, old, people with special needs
Working towards the establishment of good social relationships
Teaching the people to obey the laws of god/ teaching of Jesus to mould them into good citizens of the country
Paying taxes to the state
Christians serve in the government as civil servants
Report law breakers/ evil doers to the authorities
Observing/ celebrating national days
Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of Law and order e.g. illegal strikes, demonstrations

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Duties of Traditional African healers/ counselors( As a counselor)

They carefully listened to people’s problems
Created a report/ good relationship with the patients/ trust/ confidence
Showed interest/ concern/ compassion to the people’s problems
Asked carefully worded questions to elicit appropriate responses. (These could be questions on the patients life expenses, his/ her family about friends and enemies
Analyzed the information given to identify the cause (s) of problems
They gave their patient assurance that the problem be solved
They offered remedies for the problems/ Situations to the problems/ giving medicine
Made appointments for future consultation. Follow – ups
Gave advice to the patients evil or harm e.g protective charms medicine.

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families

They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
Helped in preparing the body for burial
Informed friends and relatives about the death
Made a eulogy to praise/ to testify the deceased’s contribution to the community
Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g. slaughtering, eating, dancing, cleansing

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Reasons why courtship was important in Traditional African Marriage

It helps in identification of suitable marriage partners
The two families involved in marriage negotiations ( of the boy and girl) established relationship/ familiarization
The boy and girl had the opportunity to learn one another and their families
Offered the opportunity to check/ establish whether the two people ( boy and girl) are related. Near kin to each other
Offered opportunity to establish whether the two people came from marriageable clans/ families
Cemented/ strengthened the relationship between the two families through exchange of gifts mutual visits sharing of food and drink
Gave the two families time to negotiate for dowry
Gave time to the family of the young man to look for and pay dowry or part of it.
Gave the two families time to arrangements
Gave time to the girl and boy to be instructed in family life education/ prepare them for a marriage relationship
Boy and girl were instructed on their duties responsibilities/ privileges in the community
Gave time to establish whether the boy and girl weren’t for marriage e.g. on virginity, impotency, infertility, frigidity
(not marriage but courtship)

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Problems which Dr, J L Krapf experienced as a missionary in Kenya

Hostile climate i.e hot and humid weather
Language barriers, at first he could not communicate effectively with the local people
Had to contend with tropical diseases e.g. malaria/ lack of proper medical facilities
Suffered personal tragedies when he lost his wife and child through death
Hostility from some quarters e.g. Muslim Arabs and Swahili. Suffered an attack by robbers when he traveled inland with Chief Kivoi
Frustrations because the people he had come to work among were slow in accepting the gospel/ slow phase of the missionary work
Problems of adopting to a different life style form the one he used to in Europe e.g. housing, food
Suffered from loneliness
Lack of transport
Wild animals

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which missionaries helped to rehabilitate freed slaves

They established freed slaves colonies/ centers in their mission stations e.g. Freetown, Rabai, Ribe, Jomvu, Mazeras where they provided the homeless freed slaves with home/ shelter and other basic needs
They taught the freed slaves industrial/ vocational skills to help them become self- supporting e.g. carpenters, masons, Bricklayers
Some of them were professionally trained as catechists, evangelists, teachers to enable them secure employment
Provided them with formal education to help them improve their living standards and fir self – realization
Taught Christianity/ converted to Christianity to create awareness of their human dignity and worth
Some freed slaves were given jobs in the mission stations as teachers, catechists, evangelists
They provided them with land on which to grow their food as well as provided them with agricultural tools/ material support for business
They taught the freed slaves better agricultural methods to improve their yield
They were taught health science, hygiene and home science to help improve their health
They were provided with medical care and medicine
Those who wanted to live outside the colony were allowed and helped to do so.
They were helped to find marriage partners
They were to observe very strict discipline/ helped in character building

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Why missionaries condemned female circumcision

They argued that the practice was unnecessary / useless
They viewed the practice with abhorrence/ it was repugnant
It was not keeping wife European uncivilized norms/ European civilization
They condemned it was an absence act/ immoral act
It was injurious to the health of the girls/ could lead to death though bleeding/ could cause infection/ had medical consequences especially in maternity cases
It was unchristian/ not agreeable with the biblical teachings

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which hinder Christians from helping the needy

Too many needy cases
Lack of experts to help in specialized areas e.g. in hospitals to help people with special needs
Tribal/ ethnic feelings/ zoning prevalent at present/ marginalization
Political learning’s and influence Christians belonging to a political party are not free to help needy people who do not belong where they belong
Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts of the country
Some times aid has some strings attached donors dictate how aid should be spent// given used
Economic demands/ inflation which leave Christians with nothing to help he poor with/ give/ lack of enough resources
Indifferences by some Christians to the plight of the needy/ some Christians are too attached to their material wealth/ selfishness
Corruption/ bribery prevailing in the society/ lack of transparency and accountability discourage some of the Christians from helping the poor
Denominational factors where Christians from one denomination are not ready to help the needy who are not members of their church
Lack of strategies/ procedure/ system on how help given is spent
Lack of awareness by some Christians on almsgiving

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Causes of conflicts between parents and children

Age gap between the parents and children, where parents fail to understand the children and children fail to understand the parents
Lack of concern by the parents to the needs and interests of their children
Unwillingness by the children to perform duties accept instruction by the parents
Children expecting too much from their parents and vice versa
Failure by parents to give time/ spend time with their children because they are involved in other things/ guidance and counseling
Children getting too involved with their peer group and have place for parents
Failure by parents to command respect from their children because of their weakness or failures
Failure by parents to set good examples to their children/ poor role models
Extreme poverty which dehumanizes/ extreme wealth which may spoil some children- doing what they want
Some children are not informed about their responsibilities to the family and the community
Parents putting too much restriction on their children’s freedom/ exercising too much control over the children / over protectiveness
Too much freedom given to the children by the parents the pressure/ laxity by the parents to their children
Marital problems by parents
Influence of foreign culture/ mass media etc.

Why Christians encourage young people to seek church weddings

Marriages is God- ordained/ Marriage is holy/ a sacrament
So the young people can learn and accept the teachings of the church on marriage
So they can have God’s blessings for their marriage
It is a respectable way to publicize the marriage/ publicly announce that the two people are man and wife

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 (313/2) 1996

(a) Circumstances which led to the exile of Israelites from in Babylon
- Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had become the most powerful nation in the middle East through conquest
- The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the neighbours/ the leaders of the people were corrupt/ there was social injustice/ lack of moral responsibility/ accountability
- The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by forsaking the religion of their forefathers/ by worshipping idols/ practicing syncretism
- Intermarriages with non- Israelites brought in foreign influence which made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other gods
- The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh( Jeremiah) when they challenged them about their way of life/ hypocrisy in order to silence them.
- The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to repent.
- Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
- In 605 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/ Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from marching north.
- The Babylonian army captured Judah/ the cities/ forced kind Jehonakim to accept Babylonian control ( became Nebuchadnezzar’s vassal).
- After three years of Babylonian rule, King Hehoiakim tried to overthrow the Babylonian rule (but he died suddenly) He was succeeded by his son Jehorachin)
- The Babylonians armies forced the new king/ Jehoiachin to surrender in 597 B.C leading to deportation to Babylon as exiles
- The Babylonians installed Zedekiah as their vassal in Judah and Surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
- In 587 B.C the Babylonians broke into the city/ completely destroyed the city/ temple of Jerusalem/ most of the people who survived the destruction were deported as exiles to Babylon.

8 x 2 = 16 mks

(b) Factors which cause disunity among Christians

(i) Selfishness/ greed for money by some Christians

(ii) Rivalry/ competition for leadership positions/ greed for power

Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit
Arrogance/ Pride by some Christians
Corruption in the church
Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of god/ their failure to live exemplary lives
Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
Misinterpretation of the Bible/ doctrinal differences
Misuse of church funds/ power by some leaders
Lack of transparency/ accountability in running church affairs
The emergency of charismatic movements in the church creates a situation where some Christians think they are more equal/ holier than others.
Political interference where Christians find themselves in different political camps
Sexism/ women are not involved in decision making they are under represented
Discrimination against the youth churches ignoring the youth in the running of the church
Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines/ racism
Denominational differences.

(9 x 1 = 9 mks)

(a) Occasions when the angel appeared

(i) The angel appeared to Mary in Nazareth and told her she would be pregnant and will give birth a son who will be called the son of the most High God.

After the birth of Jesus, the angel of the Lord appeared to the shepherds who were looking after their flocks at night and informed them of the birth of the saviour in Bethlehem
After the visit of the Magi, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph and told him to take Mary and Baby Jesus and escape to Egypt because Herod would be looking for the child to kill him.
After the death of King Herod, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in Egypt and told him to take Jesus and his mother and return to Israel because Herod who tried to kill the child was dead

(4 x 8 = 8 mks)

Occasion———— 1 mk to be marked as a

Message ————- 1 mk to be marked as b

Methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel
Preaching/ teaching the good news in the synagogues. He preached in the synagogues in Nazareth and throughout the country ( Luke 4: 42 – 44)
Through the healing miracles/ curing various diseases. Healing of the paralytic ( Any other miracle)
Raising the people back to life. Raising of Jairus Daughter ( Any other)
Casting out evils spirits/ exorcism. Healing the man with an evil spirit at Capernaum. ( Any other exorcism
Through miracles of nature. Calling of the storm ( any other
Giving of discourses/ sermons. Sermon on the mount/ Oschatological discourse. ( any other.
Through the use of parables/ allegories. The parable of the sower ( any other)
Setting good examples for his disciples/ others to emulate. Washing the disciples feet, forgave sinners, died on the cross. ( any other)
Use of live examples/ visual aids. Used a child to teach on meekness. Innocence as a prerequisite for entry into the kingdom
Delegated his disciples to go on a preaching mission. Mission of the 12/72.
Through house visits. Visited the home ofMary and Martha. Simon the Pharisee/ Levi/ Zacheaus/ the sinful woman/ the disciples at Emmaus (Any other.
Use of the demonstrations/ role play, washing of feet. ( any other.
Question and answer/ asking probing questions “ who do men say I am”?/ Any other
Giving private tuition to his disciples. When he explained to them the meaning of the parable of the sower/ when he taught them how to pray/ the last supper . ( “do this in remembrance of me”)
Teaching in the temple of Jerusalem. During the holy week be taught in the temple every day.
Used life experiences of the people/ human experience. When he asked for a coin to answer the question on payment of taxes to Caesar.
Taught from the known to the unknown. Conversations with the Samaritan woman ( any other)
Use of the Old Testament texts to back his teachings/ elaborate his teachings. Read the book of Isaiah in the Synagogue in Nazareth.
He evaluated his listeners after teaching. After the parable of the good Samaritan, he asked the teacher of the law. “in your opinion, which one of these acted like a neighbour towards the man attacked by robbers”? The teacher of the Law answered,” The one who was kind to him.” Jesus told him to go and do likewise.
He Commanded people to do and witness what they had been taught and what they had seen. Gerasene demoniac.
Use of wise sayings e.g. “salt is good, but if it loses its saltness, there is no way to make it salty again. ( any other)

9 x 1 = 9 mks)

( To get a mark, a candidate must give the method and example)

(a) Problems faced by Jesus during his ministry

(i) Rejection by his own people in Nazareth

(ii) Death threats in Nazareth/ by Herod

He was accused of breaking the law of Moses ( e.g, working on the Sabbath day/ eating with unwashed hands/ etc
He was accused of being a friend of sinners and publican/ associating with sinners and publicans
He was accused of being the prince of demons/ Beelzebub/ Beelzebul
Faced opposition from the Jewish leaders
Temptation by the devil
Was questioned by the Jewish leaders so that they could use his answers to arrest/trap/ put him to death
Was betrayed by Judas
Was arrested/ agony
Was deserted by his disciples after his arrest
Was denied by peter
Was falsely accused of blasphemy/ treachery/ treason
Faced trials before the Sanhedrin/ Pilate/ Herod
Was sentenced to death although he was innocent
Was whipped by Pilate
Was forced to carry his own cross
Was crucified on the cross
Mocked/ humiliated when he was hanging on the cross
Was pierced on his side/ a crown of thorns was placed on his head
Convincing his disciples about the way he was to fulfil his messianic role ( Through suffering and death.

(a) Jesus teaching in the parable of the sower

(i) The word of God is preached to all people, but different people

take it in different ways

Some people hear the word of God, but the devil come and takes it away, so that they do not believe get saved
Some people hear the word of God and receive it gladly, but when problems come they forget it. Fail away.
Some people hear the word of God, but it does not take in their hearts because the worries/ riches/ pleasures of the world crop and in the choke the word
Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until they bear fruits
Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should spread it to others.

( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b) How the early Christians preserved the teaching of Jesus

(i) Through worship e.g. Prayers/ praises

(ii) Preaching the good news to others/ baptism

Teachings/ instructions by the apostles
Putting the teachings of Jesus into practice/ committed to Jesus teaching (e.g. helping the poor/ sharing e. t.c)
By witnessing about Jesus/ testimonies
Celebrating of the Lord’s supper’
Missionary work
Writing/ keeping a written record of the teachings of Jesus/ what he did and said.
Keryoma/ oral traditions
Through their faith in Jesus Christ
Allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them
Welcoming/ winning the converts into the community
Through counseling/ pastoral care
Through writing letters/ epistles
Through visiting other members
Sharing of the good news among themselves/ fellowship
Apostle training e.g. Paul trained Timothy
Accepting to suffer/ persecution and even death for the sake of the gospel
Incorporating people’s culture into the gospel ( E.g. Hellenism/ Greek Philosophy)

( 9 x 1 = 9 mks)

Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
Reading the bible to others
It is used for instructing new converts
Preaching/ preaching the bible
Used as a textbook in Christians Religious in schools and colleges
Used as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ reach for knowledge
Christian hymns/ songs are derived from the bible ( E.g. Psalms, magnificent, benedicts.
Distribute bible to individuals/ institutions making them available for all read
Translation of the Bible into vernaculars so that people can read/ understand it in their own language
Used in taking of oath/ making promises ( e.g. swearing in members of parliament, in law courts)
Christians literature book, pamphlets/ magazines) quote the bible/ use it to back their teaching/ messages.

( 8 x 1 = mks)

(a) Reasons why cleansing rituals were important in traditional

African Communities

Cleansing rituals were used to expiate/ forgive wrongdoers of their sins
Cleaning ceremonies/ rituals were performed to protect individuals/ families/ community against repercussion for the wrong done
Helped to maintain good inter – personal relationship / cohesion in the community/ reconciliation of the parties.
For purification/ acceptance of members who had been declared ritually unclean/ or had broken taboos, so that they could continue with their normal activities in the society, ( e.g. after childbirth/ those who had committed murder/ adultery/ after bereavement/ etc.
To appease the ancestral spirits
Cleaning rituals were part of the rites of passage. (Individual had to go through ritual cleaning to signify that they had left their old selves and acquired different status. ( e.g. circumcision/ death.)
The cleaning of the body before burial was prepared the deceased for the new life.
To rid individual/ families/ community of evil
To send away evil spirits/ forces
To protect against calamities/ problems/ sicknesses/ epidemics
Cleansing rituals were performed to persuade the spirits of the dead not to linger around the homestead/ cause misfortune to the family.

(8 x 2 = 16 mks)

Factors which promoted harmony in traditional African Communities
Sharing of resources among members of the community, (e.g food and drink)
Participation in communal activities/ work ( according to sex/ age/ status).
Participation of individual in social activities which through people together ( e.g. during harvest festivals, communal dances and games)
Involvement of all members of the community to celebrate the rites of passage/ rituals accompanying them ( e.g. birth, initiation, marriage, death)
People in the community were governed by rules/ regulations and taboos/ which were strictly observed
Those who deviated from the norms of the society were punished/ prescribed punishments for the wrong doers/ which discouraged vices ( such as cheating, dishonesty, greed, disobedience).
Children were educated on the values/ virtues/ their duties/ responsibilities obligations to the community.
There was continued education for all members of the community on what was expected of them.
Ancestral land was communally owned/ there were no landless people in the community.
Extended family system ensured that children / orphans and the widows were taken care of by other members of the extended family.
Communal way of solving individual/ family problems promoted understanding in the community.
Division of labour/ the roles of each individual member of the community were defined and adhered
A system of taking care of the needy/ the disadvantaged/ strangers existed
The people held the same religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
The people believed that they had a common origin, the Kikuyu believed that they are children of Gikuyu and Mumbi
The communities had their own mechanism of defending themselves against outside invaders
Each community had its own social/ political organization and the members simply fitted in the system

(a) Factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya

between 1900 and 1914

The completion of the Uganda railway linking the coast to the hinterland of Kenya made it easier/ safer for the missionaries to travel to the mainland
The colonization of Kenya by the British helped in the establishment of law and order which enabled the missionaries
Settle among different communities/ carry on with their work
The building of towns roads/ the installation of other infrastructure by the colonial government connecting their administrative centers enabled the missionaries to move with relative ease.
The colonial administration favoured the missionaries ( whom they saw as complementing their work) by ready giving them land certificates of occupation. ( the missionaries enjoyed support of the colonial administration as both were working as “allies” to introduce western concepts.
The colonial administration provided security/ protection necessary for the successful work of the missionaries
Some Africans were not so successfully in their tribal setting and were quick to join the “new” religion where they were recognized
The need for western education provided by the missionaries attracted Africans to the mission stations. ( some people were quick to realize the importance of education in the new colonial set –ups e.g. acquisition of job employment/ better living standards
The missionaries/ colonial administration used chiefs to persuade their people to send their children to mission schools
The need for western medicine ( led to the establishment of hospitals/ health centers/ dispensaries/ clinics by the missionaries made some Africans who sought treatment to come in to contact with Christianity.
The oppression and exploitation of the Africans by the administration and settlers created room for Christians teachings/ helped to develop friendship and trust between the missionaries and the Africans
Need for development by those Africans who were quick to realize that Christianity went hand in hand with development.

(a) Reasons why some Christians are opposed to capital punishment

(i) It is against the human rights to take away an individuals life.

(ii) God’s law forbids human beings form killings/ committing

murder. (“You shall not kill”)

Capital punishment does not serve/ fulfill the purpose for which punishment is intended, i.e retribution/ warning/ reform/ discouragement from repeating the offence.
It is an attack on the human dignity of an individual
Human beings are made in the image/ likeness of God, so capital punishment is destroying then image of God in human beings
It is a criminal attack on another person in the eyes of Christians
It is God who gives life and only God has the right to take it.
The judge who pronounces capital punishment on the accused person may be prejudiced/ unjust/ dishonest/ might make the wrong judgment
Human beings are imperfect/ they cannot assess the responsibility of the offender with absolute accuracy/ God alone is accurate ( e.g person might be accused wrongly/ human beings are unable to assess the inner intentions of the offender. How much evil was done).
God’s intention of punishment is to bring repentance/ reform ( capital punishment denies an individuals this opportunity
Those who execute punishment/ the offender/ their family/ suffer degradation
Deprive a family community of a member
It is irreversible

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Lessons from Jesus Trial by Pilate

(i) Jesus was innocent/ did not deserve death

(ii) Christians should not accuse other falsely

Should not be intimidated/ influenced by others to do/ say what

they know is wrong

Should only do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow human beings
Should strive for justice/ fairness regardless of the cost
Should be careful in judging/ accusing others/ passing judgment on others
Should give examples to others/ give guidance
Jesus is the messiah/ son of God.

(8 x 1 = 8 mks)

Prison

Visiting them so that they may feel wanted in the society / invite them to their homes
Pray for them
Preach the good news of salvation to them
Provide them with basic necessities (e.g shelter, food and clothing)
Show them love/ concern
Involve them in the community/ church activities
Provide them with guidance and counseling to help them and reform
Welcome them into the church
Help them to become self- reliant by helping them acquire employment/ survival skills for self/ job employment
Listen to them/ help them solve problems
Counsel their families to accept/ forgive them.

9 x 1= 9 mks

K.C.S.E MARKING SCHEME 1997

C.R.E PAPER 1

The responsibilities given by God to human being in the Genesis stories of creation

(i) Procreate – To rule over the rest of creation/ to care, conserve

and preserve the environment

(ii) Take care – To be in charge of the fish, the birds and all the

birds and all the animals/ rule over God’s creation

(iii) In charge – To cultivate the garden and guard it

(iv) Eat – To eat from the fruits of the garden

(v) Obey – To obey God/ God’s command

(vi) Marry – to get married/ should marry

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

The qualities of Moses shown during His call

(i) Care/ cautiousness

(ii) Inquisitiveness

(iii) Respect/ cautiousness

Patience
Obedience
Wisdom/ intelligence
Courage/ Bravery/ fearlessness
Faith/ trust
Consistence/ reliability
Humility

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah

(i) Messiah – Chosen one of God/ God’s anointed/ messiah

(ii) Pleasing – Pleasing to God

(iii) Spirit filled – God’s spirit is in film

man of justice

(v) Patience – Patience/ tolerance/ endurance

(vi) Humble – Humility

(vii) nonviolence – gentleness/ non- violence

(viii) Courage – Courage

(ix) Righteousness – Righteousness/ holiness/ uprightness

(x) Liberator – Liberator from oppression/ saves/ redeemed/

Restores

(xi) – God is glorified in him/ reflects God glory

(xii) Teacher – Knowledge/ teacher/ ready to learn

(xiii) Constant – Stead fastness/ constant

(xiv) Hope – Hope

(xv) – Vindicated/ free of guilt/ innocent

(xvi) – He is faithful/ obedient

(xvii) – Messenger of goods news

(xviii) – Prosperity

(xiv) – Divinity/ supernatural

(xv) – Power/ almightiness

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which led to the division of the kingdom of Israel

(i) Foreign wives – Solomon had married many foreign

princesses who bought high places ( idols) with them the worship of foreign gods to Israel.

(ii) Sol. Worship ( idols) – Solomon not only allowed his foreigners

wives to worship their gods but also built high places of worship where his wives worshipped their gods. This displeased God.

(iii) – Solomon broke the covenant with God by

disobeying his commands not to worship foreign gods. ( 1 kings 11: 9- 10)

(iv) Over taxation – In order to support his harem of wives and

court officials, Solomon needed a lot of money and this he got by overtaxing his subjects. This was oppression.

(v) Forced labour – Solomon spent years and a lot of resources

building his own palace and the temple, projects made him introduce forced labour in Israel.

(vi) Kingdom divided redness of Jeroboam

The over- taxation and forced labour made the Israelites dissatisfied with Solomon’s rules. The dissatisfaction among the Israelites found a spokesman in Jeroboam.

(vii) After Solon’s death his son Rehoboam succeeded him/ rejection of the

advice from the old men

(viii) Jeroboam led a delegation of Israelites elders to Rehoboam to ask him to

rule them less harshly than his father Solomon. The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion.

(ix) Rehoboam rejected the counsel of the elders who advised him to tell the ` delegation that he would rule them less harshly than Solomon.

The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion

(x) He listened to the young men who told him to tell the delegation that he

would rule them more harshly than his father cared for him/ Rehoboam listened

The readiness of Jeroboam to lead a rebellion/ encouragement from prophet Elijah to lead the rebellion North

(xi) When Rehoboam told the delegation that his rule would be harsher than his father’ they were so angered and the ten northern tribes of Israel rejected him as King and rebelled against him.

The rebellious tribes chose Jeroboam as their king and only the two southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained under the Kingship of Rehoboam. The redness of Jeroboam to lead rebellious tribes/ encouragement of Prophet Elijah to lead rebellion tribe.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

The Teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ
- Jesus is great/ famous/ greater than John
- Jesus will bring God’s Salvation/ saviour/ save humanity from sin
- He will proclaim judgment
- He will punish sinners and reward he righteous/ believers/ give eternal life to those who believe in him
- Jesus is the Messiah/ Christ/ God’s anointed
- Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world/ Jesus will die for the sin of humanity/ save humanity from sin
- Jesus will lead the new community of believers ( Bridegroom)
- Jesus was sent by God / He is from God/ God’s messenger/ son of God
- Jesus is loved by God / God has given Jesus everything/ believed of God
- Jesus will be filled with the Holy Spirit

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(a) Lessons about Jesus Mission from the incident when a woman caught in

Adultery was brought to him.

Jesus mission was to teach/ Preach the good news
Jesus mission was to justify/ fulfill the Law of Moses/ to fulfill the Law of the prophets.
Jesus’ mission was to and for all people/ universal/ for all nations/ Jesus/ Mission did not discriminate against any group of people / it was fair to all
Jesus did not come to judge/ condemn sinners but to save them
Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost
Jesus mission was to challenge the Jewish leaders in their attitudes/ their hypocrisy/ their interpretation of the law
Jesus was going to experience problems/ difficulties/ temptations in his mission
Jesus does not condone sin although he forgives the sinner

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Christians teachings about the Lord’s Supper

(i) The Lord’s Supper was inaugurated by Jesus

(ii) It is celebrated Jesus death and resurrection/ memorial of crucified and

risen Christ ( Anamnesis).

The Lord’s supper is a gift from the lord
It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
It is the Church’s effective proclamation of God’s mighty acts and promises
It is a sign of the unity of the church/ believers
It is the new Paschal meal of the church/ the meal of the new covenant which Christ gave to his disciple
It is a sacramental meal which by visible signs communities God’s love in Jesus Christ / sacrament of Christ real presence
The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was crucified
The wine/ cup is a symbol of his blood which was shed/ blood of the new covenant.
It is a foretaste of Christ poising and of the final kingdom/ symbolic of the heavenly banquets
It is central to Christian worship/ Eucharistic.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Causes of disunity in the Early church
- The questions on the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church. Some Jewish Christians were not read to accept Gentle Christians in the church unless they underwent circumcision.
- There was negligence of the Windows in the distribution of food
- Disagreement between/ among leaders, e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Paul and Peter.
- Groupings in the church where some Christians did not live according to the teachings of Christ.
- The problem of the gifts of the Holy spirit some Christians became arrogant because they believed they were more gifted than others
- Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation, Christology holy spirit, dressing
- Behaviour during the celebration of the Lord’s supper
- Christians took other to pagan courts

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost
- Jesus was from Nazareth
- Jesus had a human nature
- Jesus had a divine nature
- Jesus was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus
- Jesus death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Jesus conquered death/ has victory over death/ overcame death
- The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David. / the death and resurrection of Jesus were foretold by David
- Jesus is a descendant of David
- Jesus ascended into heaven/ is exalted at the right – hand of God
- The Holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
- God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ / Messiah

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Effects of Paul’s conversation on the early Christian church
- The persecution of Christians decreased as Paul had been their chief persecutor
- Expansion of the new faith through Paul’s missionary journeys/ evangelization
- The spread of the new faith to the Gentiles as Paul had been appointed apostle to the Gentiles
- Paul’s letter to different churches were included in the scriptures/ canonized
- Through his teachings and admonitions to different churches. Paul gave interpretations to Christians doctrines/ clarified the teachings of the church
- He helped set up structures in the early church e.g. types of leadership and thus church in a society
- By his examples of tolerance, Constance in faith the Gospel in spite of persecution he set a model for other Christians to emulate at this difficult time of persecution
- Paul defended the gospel against any attacks
Teachings of saint Paul on the resurrection
- The resurrection of Jesus was foretold in the scriptures/ resurrected according to scriptures
- His appearance to Peter the twelve and the five hundred
- Jesus appeared to Paul
- Jesus resurrection is a proof that there is the resurrection of the dead
- God raised Jesus from the dead
- Christians faith is found on their belief in the resurrection of Jesus
- Because Christ rose from the dead, all those who die will resurrect
- The resurrection of Jesus destroyed death/ was victory over death
- Baptism signifies that Jesus resurrected
- People will resurrect in new/ different spiritual bodies
- The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and all will be changed a day.
- Resurrection gives hope to believers/ Christians

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Lessons on the cost of discipleship from the Uganda

(i) Christians should be ready to suffer and even die for their faith/ should not

give up their faith during persecution/ held on the truth at all cost.

Following Jesus can lead to suffering and even death
Christians should be ready to deny themselves for the sake of the gospel
They should rely on God help during persecution
They should not conform/ compromise political social or traditional demands expense of their faith
They should pray and forgive their enemies martyrdom should unite against oppression injustice and persecution
They should be determined to carry out the work of God. Propagate the gospel witness to Christ. In spite of persecutions/ condemn evil.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Traditional African Practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God

(i) Praying to God

(ii) Offering of sacrifices

Singing and dancing to God
Giving children the names of God
Building of shrines for God, e.g. mountains, caves, lakes, hills, forests
Pronouncing blessings and curses in the name of God
Taking oaths in the name of God/ making covenants in the name of God
Giving instructions on / /t the teaching attributes of God
Teaching of moral, taboos/ living virtues lives
Invoking the name of God in times of problems
Visiting holy scared places
Telling stories of creation/ origin of life and death to their descendants
Using proverbs and riddles to uncover the mysteries of nature/ creation
Caring for God’s creation/ sacred trees, animals and birds
Consulting priest/ seers, prophets about God’s will.

5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Occasions when oaths were administered in Traditional African Communities
- During reconciliation ceremonies
- During marriage
- After initiation
- When preparing for a raid
- When deciding on cases/ setting disputes
- When a person was being adopted into a family clan or tribe
- When a person was being initiated into a secret society
- During installation of leaders ( oath of office
- When a community was threatened member took oath to remain united against the enemy
- During the making of peace treaties
- When buying land
- During naming ceremonies/ children dedicated to God/ ancestors.

Occasions when the services of a medicine- man- were required in traditional African communities

During sickness
During initiations into adulthood
Before important undertaking e.g raid, war, marriage
During catastrophes e.g. drought, floods, death
When a person required charms for protection against evil ort a portion to use to achieve a desired goal
When it was necessary to dispel witchcraft/ magic/ sorcery and other forces of evil
In case of impotence/ barrenness

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Factors which hindered the expansion of the missionary work in Kenya in the

19^th Century

Lack of trained personnel such as ministries, catechists, evangelistic and

teachers to do missionary work

Lack of resources ( money), to expand the work and put up facilities

For missionary work

Poor infrastructure e.g. roads and others means of

Missionaries could only stay in one station and traveling from one place to

Another was difficult .

(iv) Failure by missionaries to use appropriate methods and approaches to win

the Africans to Christianity.

(v) Negative attitudes and lack of interest by Africans to Christianity

(vi) Language problems, missionaries would not communicate effectively with the

local people and vice versa. Missionaries spent valuable time learning local languages which they could otherwise put into missionary work.

Cultural resistance from the local people. Some people felt that becoming Christians would alienate them from their communities
Environmental and geographical factors hostile climate, difficult terrains, droughts.
Attacks by tropical diseases, e.g. Malaria, blackwater diseases
Fear of wild animals
Fear of hostile tribes, e.g. Maasai, Gallo
Competition from other religious e.g. Islam and African traditional religious
Rivalry among Mission societies/ denominations/ religion groups
Attitudes of some missionaries towards Africans- considered Africans primitive/ savage / untutored/ unable to comprehend Christian abstract doctrines
German missionaries were not accepted in British colonies
Contradiction in the Christian message / some condemned use of alcohol while others tolerated it some condemned polygamy while others tolerated it, circumcision of women.

Reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the church

(i) being members of a church gives the belonging/ identity

(ii) Some go to church as a form of leisure / routine/ habit

To worship and join others in worship
Some go to church to make friends / met friends/ socialize
Others go to church to look for material help
for spiritual growth/ development and nurture.
To some, it is prestigious to go church/ seek popularity/ recognition
To fulfill an obligation/ as a sense of duty
To seek comfort and consolation
To seek forgiveness and correction
To physical and spiritual healing
For guidance and counseling
To cover up their sins/ crimes/ wrong doing/ hypocrism
To seek God’s blessings
To provide good education for their children/ get them Christian schools
To follow the religion of their parents/ not to annoy their

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which the church could help street children
- Rehabilitate them/ reform them/ change them
- Try to link them up with their families / parents
- Give them guidance and counseling
- Provide them with the basics of life- food, shelter and clothing/ material support
- Help them to got to school/ provide leaving resources/ pay school fees
- Help in building home for them/ contribute to building homes
- Appeal to the governments and the non- governmental organizations and the community to help those children
- Persuade them to attend church and accept them into the churches/ give them moral support.
- Accept and welcome street boys to their homes
- Evangelize them/ win them to the church
- Start money generating projects for them
- Help equip them with survival skills for employment and self- employment
- Teach them values and morals e.g. cleanliness, honesty, self – respect

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Ways in which Christians practices social justice
- By sharing belongings and resources with those who dot have
- Helping the poor and the needy/ orphans
- Visiting the sick, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
- Fulfilling their domestic obligations
- Fulfilling their civic obligations
- Provision of social services e.g. schools, hospitals and orphanages
- Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
- Praying for peace and justice
- Pointing for peace and justice
- Pointing out and correcting evil in society
- Calling for justice and the rule of law
- Caring for the environment

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Advantages of a monogamous marriage

(i) To achieve intimate oneness for two persons. Two is company, three is a

Crowd

Wife, husband and children get undivided love
It is easier to achieve complete faithfulness and trust
It becomes easier to build mutual confidence
Makes it easier to bring up children in a healthy and peaceful atmosphere
It is the only legal marriage relationship in law and according to the church
Reduces the risk of drug and alcohol use by the children and parents/ produces delinquency
Helps to enhance/ improves family resources
Wife is able to enjoy all the rights and privileges without threat and competition
Reduce of the effect of injected with S.T.D.S
Easier to achieve complete harmony and peace in the family
The practices of inheritance upon the death of the father
Children grow in confidence and develop love, trust and respect for the father
Reduces rivalry in family / Favoritism/ jealously among wives and children
Reduces cases of homicide

(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1997

a) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh.
i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. (The Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem signified the presence of God among his people). Yahweh’s presence was at the centre of Israel ‘s life).
ii) He made Jerusalem the HoldCity / religious / spiritual capital to which Israelites from over the land came for important religious occasions.

iii) He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites / Jews (e.g. reading / singing / reading)

iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh (Nathan/God) listened to their

messages/advice/admonitions.

v) When David made mistakes, he repented / asked for Yahweh’s

forgiveness/pardon.

vi) David humbled himself before Yahweh/ he called himself the servant of

Yahweh / completely submitted to His will / obeyed God / was loyal.

vii) He advised others to obey God / to keep God’s commandments /

Shepherded Israel to true worship of Yahweh.

viii) David praised God through song/ dance / music.

ix) David Wanted to build a house / temple for God (where the Ark of

the covenant would be kept / Israelited would meet for worship).

x) David constantly prayed to God / Sought God’s guidance / Glorified

God / gave thanks to God.

xi) He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live in peace / was a sign of God’s presence among them.

6 x 2 = 12marks

b) What Christian learn about God from the call of prophet Isaiah.
i) Transcendent (High and lifted up) exalted.
ii) Almighty / all powerful / omnipotent.

iii) Majestic

iv) Holy
v) Glorious
vi) To be glorified / praised / worthy of praise.

vii) To be worshiped / adored

viii) Sanctifies / cleanses / from sin / purifies

ix) Punishes sin/ destroys
x) God restores / forgives / pardons
xi) He commissions/ sends / gives a task / proclaims / promises

a task / service.

xii) God chooses / uses / calls / makes a choice / selects to service /

whom to send.

C) Ways in which Christians show gratitude to God.
i) Through prayers / thanks giving/ praise / adoration/worship.
ii) Through offertory / tithes.

iii) Caring for the sick / old / disabled.

iv) Through song / dance / music.
v) Dedicating themselves to the service of God/ church.
vi) Preaching / teaching / witnessing to the Gospel / evangelizing.

vii) Working for the well – being / development of their community.

viii) Caring for the environment.

ix) Taking caring of themselves.
x) Obeying God’s laws / doing
ix) Taking caring of themselves.
x) Obeying God’s laws /doing God’s will dedicate to God’s service.
xi) Acting as peace-makers/reconcilers.
xi) Celebration of the sacraments.

xiii) Celebration of Christian Holidays/Sabbath /Feasts (e.g. Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost.

xiv) Observing the traditions of the church/ following the doctrines of the church.

xv) Through writing/composing Christian literature/ songs
xv) Through writings/ composing Christian literature/ songs.

xvi). Offering their time/talents for the wok of the church/ building worshipping places.

6×1= 6mks

2 a) Jesus Teachings about the Kingdom of God from His parables.

i) It is God who establishes His Kingdom. He is like a sower. (parable of the sower).
ii) God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like a seed and spreads out irresistibly as yeast permeates the dough. (Parables of the Mustard seed/Yeast/leaven).

iii) Jesus has brought / ushered in the Kingdom of God/ through his works and his very person.

iv) The kingdom of God is a present reality, as sower, God has sown the seed it is growing.
v) The Kingdom of God is a future reality (eschatological)/ the kingdom of God is awaiting completion/perfection (the parable of the wheat and Tares).

Vi) The secrets of the Kingdom are reveal. Given to a chosen few, to others they are in parables. Hidden.

vii) The Kingdom of God is universal /for all peoples/nations (mustard seed).

viii) The Kingdom of God starts in a small way /grows secretly to include all the nations of the world (mustard seed/Yeast).

ix) There will be judgment in the Kingdom of God/ God will separate the righteous and the sinners/ The righteous will be rewarded and sinners will be punished . (Wheat and the Tares).
x) The Kingdom of God is for the righteous ones.
xi) The Kingdom of God is precious / valuable (it was worthy forfeiting all else for the sake of the Kingdom ). (e.g Treasure/the pearl)

xii) God searches lost individuals and bring them back/ restore them to the Kingdom.

xiii) There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual is retrieved /brought back.

Note: Candidates do not have to quote the parable.

7 x 2 = 13mks (maximum)

b) Obstacles that Christians could encounter in trying to promote social

justice in Kenya.

(i) Opposition from the rich/Government –who will not be willing to help/ share their riches with the poor.

(ii) Opposition from the powerful/those in power making positions-because they are not willing to share the power/power making positions with others.

(iii) Greed/selfishness/corruption – resulting in grabbing exploitation of the poor/powerless.

iv) Political leanings/people belonging to a political party- are not willing to share power/wealth resources with those belonging to different political parties.
vi) Racism-people belonging to a certain race discriminating against others.

vii) Different religious/ faiths/denominations-are not walling to help people of other faiths/denominations.

viii) Sexism-where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women.

ix) Age factor- Where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women youth, as to them the youth are irresponsible/ inexperienced/the youth are not ready to share power/ responsibilities with the old because they are out of dead wood.
x) The educated-who have no regard for the uneducated who they regard as ignorant.

6×2= 12mks)

a) Saint Pail’s Teachings about Love (1 Cor. 13)

i It is a gift from God/ of the Holy spirit

It is the most important gift

iii. It is patient / does not let down.

Iv It kind

Not jealous/envious

vi Not conceited/Proud /not cruel/not self seeking

vii Not ill mannered

viii. Not selfish/it is generous/ not cruel/not self seeking.

Ix Not irritable/ resentful/not quick to anger/bears no grudges

Does not keep a record of wrongs

xi Not happy with evil

xii It is happy with truth

xiii. Never give up/endures/not tired/tolerant/withstands long suffering

xiv Its faith/hope/patience never fails/it is reliable.

It is eternal 8 x 1 = 9mks.
b) i They left their jobs/occupations/families and followed Jesus.

ii Listened to /accepted his teachings/obeyed him.

iii Invited him to their homes (Mary and Martha/Peter/Levi)

iv They joined him in prayer

v Anointed him as a mark of great honour (Mary Magdalene/the sinful woman.

Gave him physical protection (e.g. Peter).

vii. Served Jesus.

viii Accompanied/followed him from place/kept him company.

Helped him to spread/teach/proclaim/preach the good news (e.g Mission of the 12/72/70)
Showed concern/love for his well-being /cared for him.

Xi Advised him/sought advice from him.

Xii Glorified /praised him

Xiii Put their faith/trust in him were steadfast.

Xiv Addressed him as Rabbi/ master/Teacher/ respected him

Paid tax for him

xvi. Peter was prepared to die with Jesus/followed him to the home of the High Priest during the trial.

Xvii Peter cried when he remembered he had denied Jesus.

Xviii Were present at the cross of Jesus/weeping.

xix. Removed his body from the cross/wrapped it/ buried it/were sad when he died.

Xx Took care of his mother.

Xxi were happy/ excited when Jesus resurrected.

xxii. Accompanied him to the mount of ascension.

Xxiii Waited on his promise of the Holy spirit in Jerusalem.

xxiv. Spread the Good News of Jesus Christ after his ascension.

8×1=8mks

c) Problems faced by Church ministers in their work
Lack of money/resources to pay their salaries/meet other expenses.

ii Poor housing/lack of housing for themselves/their families

iii some Christians might reject a minister/lack of acceptance by some Christians on grounds of education/age/tribe.

Iv What they preach/teach might make them unpopular with some members of the congregation/with the powers that be.

Might work in geographical hostile environments where they might suffer from disease/drought/weather /traveling long distances.
People might expect too much from them when they are only human. When they make mistakes people may not readily forgive them.

Vii some members may not co-operate with them.

viii. Might face un co-operate from other church leaders (e.g. Bishops/moderators).

Might not be in agreement with some rules/regulations/ standing orders of the church.
Pastoral problems might be too complex to deal with/might not be able to handle some people.
Settling quarrels/disagreements/disputes without being seen to take sides

xii suffer from stress. Depression from personal problems/ problems form the congregation and have nobody to share with them/might not share problems with people for fear of exposing weaknesses.

Xiii Problems/ harassment form civil authorities/politicians who might want to use the church for their own benefits/accusation of involvement in politics.

Xiv Might not know how to deal with different groups in the church (e.g. youth/women/men/choir/revival groups).

Xv Might face cultural barriers. Language problems if they are not working in their home districts.

xvi. Temptations from worldly/ earthly pleasures/materials.

xvii. External factors-competition/rivalry from other religions/other Christian denominations.

xviii. Too much demand on their time/services by the members.

8×1=8mks

4 a) Measures taken by traditional African communities to discourage

pregnancies before marriage.

Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill discipline/responsibility.

Ii The youth were made aware /advised/sensitized of the dire consequences of irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage.

iii. Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities virginity was highly valued.

girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished/they were ostracized. Disowned by he family/put to death/forced to marry old/useless men.

v Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were also punished /paid a heavy fine/reprimanded/banned by their age groups/ defamed in songs/ given nasty nicknames.

Parents, (especially the mothers) were held responsible for their daughter conduct/ girls movements were closely watched and their movements monitored. Limited

vii. During social occasions(e.g dances) young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave.

Viii There was physical separation of sexes/boys and girls/ males, lived in separate houses.

Ix There were taboos/rules/regulations on sex relationships

X The entire traditional African community was concerned about the moral fiber /integrity.

Xi Sexes were taught to respect each other/treat each other with respect/ to respect their own bodies/maintain their dignity/ honour.

4 b) Factors which have contributed sexual immorality among the youth

Drugs/alcohol abuse among the youth
Permissiveness in the society/moral laxity /lack of discipline in the society.