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Free Grade 8 Creative Arts and Sports Notes

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

Free Grade 8 Creative Arts and Sports Notes

STRAND 1 FOUNDATIONS OF CREATIVE ARTS.

WHAT IS CREATIVE ARTS

Introduction to Creative Arts and Sports.

Creative Arts is a description of various artistic activities that allow performers to use their imaginations, creativity, and express ideas through a variety of mediums to passage a message to the audience.

What is sports?

A sport is any activity involving physical or mental effort combined with skills in which an individual or a team or teams competeagainst another or others for entertainme

Roles of Creative arts and sports in the society.

Social roles of Creative arts & Sports.

Creates a sense of identity-bring people together, creating shared experiences that help to foster a sense of community and collective identity.
Creative arts and sports promote cohesion through teamwork.
Through creative arts and sports culture is preserved-it ensures that our history and traditions are not forgotten, and that future generations can appreciate and learn from them.
Creative arts and sports inspire creativity, talents and abilities.
Creative arts and sports provide provides us with entertainment through components such as music, dance, drama, narratives, films and movies, various sports i.e., soccer, basketball, netball, volley ball.

Economic roles of Creative arts and Sports.

Creative arts and sports provide employment opportunities such as artists, musicians, referees, sports coaches, sports doctors, choreographers. Trainers, teachers etc.
One can earn income through activities related to creative arts and sports hence eradicating poetry.
Through creative arts and sports, a country can earn or generate tax revenue. (boosts revenue collection)
Creative arts and sports attract investments which in turn increases job opportunities.
Creative arts and sports stimulate growth of economy through sectors such as tourism. (Encourages tourism)

1.2	Components of Creative Arts and Sports.

Creative arts is made of the following components:

Visual arts -creative art forms appreciated through sense of sight such as;
- Montage.
- Collage

Play – a written work that tells a story through action and speech and is meant to be acted on a stage.

Music – Music is a collection of coordinated sound or sounds. Making music is the process of putting sounds and tones in an order, often combining them to create a unified composition
Dance – dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion.

Principles of Visual arts.

There are two principles of visual arts namely:

Principle of dominance. Principle of proportion.

Principle of dominance in Visual Arts.

Dominance is when a single element is so large and/or different compared to the rest of the design that it dominates.

It grabs your attention.

Famous examples include the London Eye that dominates the skyline of London or the Ashoka Lions that dominate the Indian Passport and other official documents.

Principle of Proportion in Visual arts.

Proportion refers to the dimensions of a composition and relationships between height, width and depth. How proportion is used will affect how realistic or stylized. Proportion also describes how the sizes of different parts of a piece of art or design relate to each other.

Proportion in any art is the relative size of objects in relation to each other or corresponding to the other elements as a whole.

Basic Elements of a play.

Theme – What is the meaning of theme in element of drama?

The theme refers to the message (meaning) that is intended to be expressed in the story. In other words, it is the main idea or the lesson to be learned from the story. Examples of themes in plays include: justice, loyalty. drugs, bullying, human rights etc.

Character- this is a person or individual taking part in the play or drama that may have defined personal qualities and/or histories.

Plot- A plot is a sequence of events within a play that tells a story. A plot is what makes a story. Five components make up a plot: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict and theme help drive the plot forward.

Language- Language in drama is represented as spoken language or, in other words, as speech. In drama, language refers to the particular manner of verbal expression, the diction or style of writing, or the speech or phrasing that suggests a class or profession or type of character.

Setting- The setting is the time and place in which the story takes place

Elements of Music in Creative Arts.

Sound-any tone with characteristics such as controlled pitch and timbre Rhythm- Rhythm is the pattern of sound, silence, and emphasis in a song Melody- a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm.
Harmony-harmony, in music, the sound of two or more notes heard simultaneously.

Elements of Dance in Creative Arts.

Body -In dance, the body is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the dancer, seen by others. The body is sometimes relatively still and sometimes changing as the dancer moves in place or travels through the dance area. The body is the mobile instrument of the dancer and helps inform us of what is moving.

Action – This is what a dancer does, for example travelling, turning, elevation, gesture, stillness, use of body parts, floor-work and the transference of weight.

Space – Space refers to the area through which the dancer’s body moves.

Time – It is an essential part of choreographing and performing dance. It helps us to stay together when we dance in unison, identify the beat and the rhythm of how we move and provide stimulus for choreography.

STRAND 2 CREATING & PERFORMING IN CREATIVE ARTS & SPORTS.

2.1 Composing Rhythm.

To understand and be able to write rhythmic patterns dictated, one needs to follow the following tips:

Establish the beat of the rhythm patterns.
Clap or tap the full rhythm before you start writing.
Break down the rhythm into bars and write one bar at a time while clapping the whole rhythmic pattern.
Clap through the rhythmic pattern you have written to check if it conforms to the rhythm dictated.

2.2 Athletics.

Middle distance races.

Middle distance race starts with a standing start, athletes start from an upright, standing position the crouch forward with one foot about 18 inches behind the other.
The leading foot and shoulder both point forward.
The upper body should not be twisted.

Strategies applied by middle distance runners during a race:

Pacing. Stride length Recovery.

Pacing – rate at which an athlete runs. An athlete knows how long it takes him or her to cover a certain distance.

Stride length – it is the uniform length of steps taken during running.

Recovery – It is a stop, walk or slow jog made after striding.

It helps an athlete to catch a breath and relax before striding again which helps in developing speed and running skills.

Photomontage.

Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image.

It is assembly of images that relate to each other in some way to create a single work or part of a work of art. photomontage is an image constructed from collaged photographs.

Characteristics shown in photomontage.

Superimposition-combine two images to create something new.
Use of pictures.
Emphasis on shape.

Composing Melody.

Chest pass in Net ball.

Chest pass is a way of throwing the ball to a teammate where the ball is released and received at the chest level.
The pass is usually used when the teammates are not far from each other.

Learning points for the chest pass.

Grip

Spread your fingers out behind the ball to form a W formation, holding it at chest height with your elbows out in front of you.

Stance.

Face the direction you want the ball to go in.
Step forwards with your dominant foot as you begin to straighten your arms.

Execution of the pass.

Push the ball away from your body at chest height by powerfully extending the arms forwards and flicking the wrists.
Follow through with the arms, wrists, hands and fingers in the direction of the throw.

Chest pass drills

Dodging and marking in Netball.

Dodging is a technique used to counter the marking attempts. It is applied by members of the team in control of the ball. The player being marked attempts to get free from the marker and move into space to receive a pass.

It may involve changing pace and use of deceptive body actions to put the marking player off balance.
Deceptive means misleading or trickiness while off-balance means not steady or stable.
Intercept means block a pass or prevent it from reaching destination or to block something from happening.

Body movements used by a player when dodging an opponent.

Using bending or leaning movements with the body trunk to the left or right or left once or repeatedly.
Sprinting off from the marker.
Sprinting and stopping.
Extending the left or right arm away from the opponent.

Marking is a technique used by a team that is not in possession of the ball to prevent an opponent from receiving a pass.

The intention is to obstruct passes made by the team in control of the ball.

A player can mark an opponent in possession of the ball or an opponent without the ball.

Marking opponent with the ball.

Marking opponent without the ball.

Body movements used by a player when marking an opponent.

Standing in front of the player being marked.
Standing beside the player being marked.
Raising hands up or to the side to reach the path of the ball.
Stepping forward, or sideways while avoiding any obstruction.

Things to learn when dodging and marking stance.

Marking a player without the ball.

Establish the basic stance for marking with body weight on your toes.
Take a position slightly in front of the player you intend to mark.
Be on your toes, with knees slightly bent, ready to catch the ball or move in the direction of the opponent.
The hands should be on the side of the body.

React quickly when the opponent being marked makes any movement, move in the direction of the opponent using short steps, shuffle sideways without crossing the feet.
Focus on both the ball and the player and forth from one place to another.

Activity.

Guided by the teacher

Demonstrate

Basic stance for dodging, marking, body movement for dodging and marking.

Footwork in Netball.

Landing techniques.

In netball, the ball is played using hands.

During play, the players may:

Run to doge an opponent or to reach a ball.
Jump to catch a high ball or rebound from the ring.
Stop the running action suddenly to dodge an opponent or avoid getting to an offside position.
Land on the floor or the ground as dedicated by the laws of gravity in integrated science and as guided by the law of the game. However, players need to land safely for safety and healthy living.

There are two landing techniques in Netball:

The double foot landing.

Single foot landing.

Pivoting.

Pivoting is the act of turning with one foot on the ground while the other foot makes repeated short steps.

Picoting:

Helps the player develop balance after landing.
It helps the player turn away from the defender who may be marking.
Helps in locating teammates who may be well-positioned to receive the pass.

Things to learn in Pivoting.

Land one foot and maintain balance.
Maintain a firm grip of the ball.
Keep the landing foot grounded with knees slightly bent.
Keep the head up and the trunk upright.
Step with the non-landing foot and turn around.
Keep the ball close to the body.

2.5 Descant recorder or Any other western instrument.

Examples of western solo instruments.

	Instruments		Playing technique	Fingering chart for the G scale.
	Violin		Bowing on the strings
	Guitar.		Plucking the strings
	Trumpet in B flat		Blowing air while producing a buzzing sound. Tones can be varied by pressing the valves.
	Xylophone		Hitting the bars with a small mallet. Each piece of wood is a different length so it produces different sounds when they are hit.
Piano		Pressing on the keys.
Playing the recorder using appropriate techniques.

The following techniques are used to play descant recorder:

- Gently say ‘tu’ when blowing air into the recorder.
- This is how one places their mouth on the recorder’s mouthpiece to ensure that no air is lost when blowing into the instrument.
- Correct placement of the fingers on the recorder. As a rule, the left hand is always at the top part of the recorder. All the holes must be tightly covered to prevent leakage of air.
- Blow warm air into the recorder. Blowing gently gives a good sound. Blowing too hard generates unpleasant sounds.
- This is the technique of playing more than two notes in one breath. This involves only the movement of fingers while the airflow is constant.

- Playing notes in a detached manner.
- Notes to be played staccato have a dot above or below the note.

Tone quality.
- Listen carefully to the sound you produce when you blow into the recorder.
- Blowing gently and having consistent air gives a good tone.
Blend and balance.
- Being able to listen to what the other in an ensemble are playing helps to blend and create a balanced sound.

Interpret performance directions when playing the descant recorder.

You should be able to play melodies on the descant recorder while observing the following directions: a.)Repeat.

Repeat signs are two dots that are placed before or after a double bar line.

Whey they are placed after a double bar line, it means it is the start of the repeat. However, when they are placed before a double line, it means the end of repeat.

1^st and 2^nd ending

The two lines above the staff mean that one will avoid playing 1 notes when repeating. This applies where there is a repeat and the last part of the melody is different from the first one.

Da capo al fine

It is often abbreviated as D.C al Fine.

It means one goes back to the beginning of the piece and plays to the point written.

Dal segno al fine.

It is often abbreviated as D.S al fine.

It means you go back to a point in the piece of music with the sign and play or sing to the bar marked Fine (end) then stop.

The note with signis played with emphasis.

This sign means that you can hold the note a little longer that its given time value or numberof counts. g.)Dynamics.

This refers to how quietly or loudly a piece of music should be played.

Italian terms are used to indicate dynamics in the piece of music.

Dynamics	English meaning.
Pianissimo (pp)	Very soft
Piano (p)	Soft
Mezzo piano (mp)	Moderately soft
Mezzo forte (mf)	Moderately wide.
Forte (f)	Loud.
Fortissimo (ff)	Very loud.

h.)Tempo.

This term is used to refer to how fast or slow a piece of music can be played.

Italina terms are used to indicate what tempo the music is played

Tempo terms	English meaning.
Andante	At a walking pace (73-77 beats per minute)
Allegro	Fast (109-132 beats per minute)
Adagio	Slow (ss-65 beats per minute)
Lento	Slowly (40-45 beats per minute)

2.6 Volleyball.

Overarm and Jump serve in Volley.

Over arm serve.

Over arm serve is where a player tosses the ball with one hand and strikes it in the air above their head with the other hand so that it crosses the net and lands into the opponents’ side.

Safety instructions.

Ensure you perform thorough warm up activities.
Avoid congestion by maintaining a safe distance from your peers.
Follow instructions.

Jump serve in Volleyball.

This is a type of serve where the serving player increases power and serve height by jumping to hit the ball when serving in volleyball.

Minor Games and basic rules.

Minor games are small sided games that help you practice skills learnt in volleyball while applying the rules of the games.

Safety precaution.

Never fist hit the ball as you could hit someone’s face.
Do not swing on the post.
Do not go under the net, always walk around the nets.
Do not throw the ball over the net, roll it under the net.

Diagram of human figures playing Volley.

Student activities monitored and instructed by the teacher

Draw human figures of players serving or volleying a ball.

Serve the ball using the jump serve over a net.
Perform the volley for skill acquisition,

Breast stroke in swimming.

Breast stroke is a stroke in which the arms are pushed forward and then swept back in a circular movement, while the legs are tucked in towards the bod and then kicked out in a sideways and backward movement.

Description of the prone body position.

The body lies in a horizontal position in the water with the head in line, with the spine and the face in the water, eyes looking down.
The arms are extended forward and the legs are held close together, toes pointed. The breast stroke begins with a forceful push from the poolside in order to generate some propulsion, which results in a glide.

The body moves in a smooth, continuous and effortless motion while lying on the stomach and glides in a horizontal position.

From the glide phase, the propulsive arm action takes place and then the leg action as the arms recover.

The body is then in a streamlined glide for a short moment in each before the next stroke begins.

Glide.

For effective gliding in the water, the body should be well streamlined.
This can be affected by the underwater recovery movements, as the propulsive force remain still and streamlined. For example, as the legs kick to provide propulsion, the arms should be extended forward to create the ideal streamlined body position at the front.
Similarly, as the arms pull around, the legs should be in the glide phase to create the same streamlined body position at the back.

Gliding helps to make the breast stroke movement smooth and reduces the effort required by the arms to move forward, resulting on a more efficient swimming technique.

It is important to cultivate a glide so that the proper sequence of “arms-breath-leg – glide can be established.

The breast stroke starts with the arm pull, breathe, then the kick and finally the glide in a streamlined position.

Prone body postion and glide.

Stand waist-deep in water, with knees bent or feet flat against the side of the pool.

You can hold onto the side of the pool with one hand for support.

Breathe in and put your face in the water.
Puch off the wall and glide to the prone body position.
Lie flat, head facing down with your body in line with the water surface.
Keep your face down and arms extended forward. Your eyes should look downwards and slightly forward to avoid straining the neck.
Keep your shoulders, hips and legs horizontal as possible, and keep your hips as close as possible to the surface. Do not let your hips drop in the water.
Stretch your legs behind with toes pointed but slope your body slightly to allow the legs to stay beneath the water.
Keep your neck and shoulders as relaxed as possible to aid the arm action and reduce strain.
Keep your body straight and streamlined to make swimming easier and enhance speed. The head movement should be kept to a minimum, and the shoulder should remain level throughout the stroke.

Arm action.

The arm pull technique is needed to assist the leg movement and also to keep the breast stroke streamlined and efficient.

Cath phase.

Begin with the glide position, arms extended out in front of you, fingers and hands together, palms facing downwards.
Pitch your hand outwards and downwards to an angle of about 45 degrees at the start of the catch phase.

Pull your arms outwards and downwards until they are appropriately shoulderwidth apart. Your elbows should begin to bend, and your shoulders to roll inwards at the end of the catch phase.

Propulsive phase.

Sweep your arms downwards and inwards, and let the hands pull to their deepest point. The elbows bend to 90⁰ and remain high.
At the end of the down sweep, your hands, your hands should sweep inwards and slightly upwards.
The elbow should tuck into the side as you pull your hand inwards towards the chest and the chin.

Recovery phase.

Your hands should recover by stretching forward in a streamlined position.
They should recover under, on, or over the water surface ready to restart the arm action.

Leg action.

The legs are the powerhouse of the breast stroke, and the full leg kick should be a simultaneous and flowing action, resulting in a powerful boost that propels the whole stroke.

Start with your legs straight and together.
Bend your knees and bring the heels towards your seat with the sole of the feet facing outwards for the frog kick”.

Sweep the legs outwards and download in a flowing circular path. The heels and soles of your feet should drive around and back to provide power and propulsion to the stroke.

Squeeze legs together to come back together to the starting streamlined position with the toes pointed.

Breathing action.

-Breast stroke breathing occurs naturally as the breast technique has a body lift, which gives the ideal breathing point for each stroke.

Breathing in takes place every time your arms pull back to all the body to lift and the head to rise.
Lift your shoulders to bring your face out of the water to breath.
Don’t raise your head, let the head naturally rise with the shoulders so your chin is resting just above the water.

Inhale through your mouth before letting your shoulder drop as you sweep with your arms.
Breath out as your legs kick back and extend your arms forward.
The head returns to the water to exhale as the arms stretch forward to begin their recovery phase.

Timing.

A well-executed breast stroke timing sequence is key to achieving a smooth and efficient swimming stroke as you will effortlessly glide through the water.

Try to time your arm action and leg kick so there is always something propelling you through water.
The arms will be propulsive while the legs recover and the legs propulsive while the arms recover.
To coordinate the leg kick, the arm strokes, and the breathing, think of the phrase

‘pull, breath, kick, glide’

As your arms complete the power phase, take a breath, and then draw your feet toward the hips.
When your arms are about halfway through the recovery phase, begin the leg action.
Time the arm strokes and kick so that the arms and legs are both at their full length as the kick finishes.
Rest in the phase position as your body glides through the water. Then the glide begins to slow down, it is time to start another stroke.

Water treading.

To maintain anuprightposition in deep water by moving the feet with a walking movement and the hands with adownwardcircular motion

2.9

Kenyan Folk Dance

Classifying a folk song.

African folk songs are classified according to the following.

Their origin.

a.) Community of origin.

African songs can be classified according to their origin.
The origin in this case means the community they are drawn from.
Therefore, songs belong to a particular community such as luhya, luo, gikuyu, gusii. Kuria, Kamba, iteso, giriama, digo, Pokomo, gabra, nandi, Kipsigis, Marakwet, pokot, turkana and taita.
These songs are passed on by oral tradition from one generation to the next.
The music is related to the culture of a particular or region. For example, you can identify the culture od a particular community or region by their dressing, language used, musical instruments, props, body adornments, ornaments, body movements, vocal embellishments used to enrich music, style of sing and tone among others.

b.) Occasion.

African folk songs can also be categorized according to occasions they are performed.
For example:
- naming folk songs.
- Initiation folk songs. Marriage folk songs.
- War folk songs.
- Funeral folk songs.
- Worship folk songs among others.

c.) Function.

Folk songs belong to the people with a common culture.
Therefore, folk songs keep people connected to their cultures and heritage.
They give history of the people and their culture.
Folk songs usually pass important information, stories, messages and history from generation to generation.
Folk songs are used to express emotions. They narrate stories of joy and sorrows in the simplest way.
Folk songs are used as a means of unifying the community members when they come together to sing. This also creates positive outcomes or consequences if they do not watch their actions and intention.
Some of the folk songs are purely for entertainment, enjoyment by performers and the audience.

d.) Type.

African folk songs can also be classified according to the type such as:

Love songs.
Protest songs.
Children’s songs among others.



Creating improvised implements to use in performance of Folkdance songs.

Folk dances are performed by different participants who plays different roles as follows:

Soloist-person who leads the rest of the participants in singing the melodies and dancing during the performance of the dance.
Response group-they provide an answer to the soloist during the dance.
instrumentalist-plays instruments to accompany a dance.
Dancers- makes dance movements and formation in response to the songs and instruments.

Along side the participants, folk song dances also require other implements so help in identifying different cultures and diversities such as costumes, ornaments, body adornments, body make ups, props etc.

During a folk-dance performance, participants wear specially designed cloths, hides or skins called costumes.

Costumes are made using locally available materials such as sisal fibre, sisal string, comb and pair of scissors.

The participants also decorate their bodies using different paints to make patterns.

This is called body adornments.

Body adornments are made using the following materials:

Water paints.
Chalk powder.
Objects or items of different shapes and sizes like bottle tops, water bottles, combs, folk and other design shaped objects.

Dancers also use beads, necklaces, bracelets and anklets during the dance performance. These are called ornaments.

Body ornaments are made using locally available materials such as:

Pieces of thread.
Pair of scissors.
Grains such as beans, maize (soaked in water to make them soft) A needle.

The costumes, body adornments and ornaments vary from one community to another expressing different cultures in Kenya.

The following are social importance of songs to the pastoralists:

Songs they sing accompany their journey to facilitate movements.
They songs are sung during their herding sessions to take away boredom.
They are a source of unity and collaboration among the community members.
They educate on the importance of the animals and other resources.
They tell the history of the community.

General uses of Folk songs.

As a source of entertainment.
As a source of cultural and national unity.
In teaching subjects such as history, literature and geography among others.
To educate.
To rebuke.
To advise.
To worship.
To encourage.
To promote culture.
To give moral teachings.

Economic importance of the songs.

Economic importance or economic significance of something refers to the monetary or trade value of an item.

Songs have economic importance to individuals, the cultural community and even the country.

General these are the economic importance of folk songs:

Performers can earn money or income by performing folk songs at private parties.
Folk song musicians also earn a living by offering singing lessons.
Some musicians are employed as singers or trainers of folk songs by some institutions such as cultural centres, universities and schools among others.
Folk songs musicians also earn the country foreign exchange when they perform outside the country.
Folk musicians also earn the country revenue when they pay taxes.
Folk musicians can be independent artists by recording and selling their music.

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kenyatta University Student Portal, E-learning Portal Login and Link

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HOW TO WRITE A NOTICE- ENGLISH NOTES

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DEPARTMENTAL TEMPLATE NOTES

LESSON NOTES FOR FORM TWO WEEK THREE

TOPIC: WRITING

SUB-TOPIC: NOTICE

TEACHER: ………………………………………..TSC NO……………… CLASS………………….TIME……….

Main syllabus objective

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to legibly write a notice using the right format, content, language and tone.

Tpic outline

Definition of a notice
Reasons for writing a notice
How to write a notice

a) What is a notice

It is brief piece of paper written by a person or institution giving written information to a target group which is usually put in public places.

b) Why write a notice

To inform/ notify people of: events, meetings, changes in routine, new appointments, new deployments etc
To give warning to a group of people

c) How to write a notice
Read the question and comprehend the major function of the notice and other hints such as activity, place, time, target group etc. (Notices focusing on school events are the best fr practice)
Write the right format
1. When writing or designing a notice, your focus has to be on writing a notice and not drawing a notice since English test communication ability using words. Any standard question on notice will give room for enough writing based on student’s environment. (Ignore content in text books with drawings as notice.)
2. Write the letter-head (name) of the institution or club sending the notice
3. Write date on right hand side- a good advent has a date to help target audience know it is a recent advert
4. Give a notice call or invitation in bold eg. NOTICE!
5. Sign the notice by name/job title/ organizagion/ management.
6. Frame the notice- for purposes of exam, never focus on making the frame flashy.
7. Drawing- sketch an eye catching picture capturing the theme of the notice can be drawn. (Do not focus on drawing; it is composition writing)
Write the right content- content to focus on:
a) Activity or event- what you are notifying, b)Place- where it is. c) Time and day- when it will be in terms of day, date and time, d) Target population for the notice, f) the conditions such as fee and rules g) any other issue in the rubrics if the question, h) contacts for the main contact person such as email or telephone, i) a parting short such as “Welcome.’
Write the right language
Language must aim at notifying or stating the information as it is and not convincing/persuading the target as done in an advertisement notice.
Writing in note form is better than prosodic form when writing the body of a notice
Be brief- nobody likes reading long notices
Most important information is bolded/capitalized/undelined
Notice call is caligraphed (use blue, black and pencil only)

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FLOATING AND SINKING PHYSICS REVISION

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FLOATING AND SINKING

State how a hydrometer may be used to test whether a car battery is fully charged.
Determine the density of glass that weighs 0.5N in air and 0.3N in water.
A mass of 120g half immersed in water displaced a volume of 20cm³. Calculate the density of the object.
A solid displaced 5.5 cm³of paraffin when floating and 20cm³. Calculate the density of the object.
The figure below shows a cube of a certain wood whose density is the same as that of water. The cube is held on the surface of the water in a long cylinder. Explain what happens to the cube after it is released.
A right angled solid of dimensions 0.02m by 0.02m by 0.2m and density 2,700kg/m³ is supported inside kerosene of density 800kg/m³ by a thread which is attached to a spring balance. The long side is vertical and the upper surface is 0.1m below the surface of the kerosene.
i) Calculate the force due to the liquid on the lower upper surface of the solid.
ii) Calculate the up thrust and determine the reading on the spring balance.
A solid copper sphere will sink in water while a hollow copper sphere of the same mass may float. Give a reason for this.
A uniform plank of wood is pivoted at its centre. A block of wood of mass 2kg is balanced by a mass of 1.5 placed 30cm from the pivot as shown.

i) Calculate the distance X
ii) When the same block of wood is partially immersed in water, the 1.5kg mass need to be placed at 20cm from the pivot to balance it. Calculate the weight of the water displaced.
A block of glass of mass 250g floats in mercury. What volume of the glass lies under the surface of the mercury? (Density of mercury is 13.6 x 10³)
When a piece of metal is placed on water, it sinks. But when the same piece of metal is placed on a block of wood, both are found to float. Explain this observation.
a) State the law of floatation.
b) Figure 13 shows a simple hydrometer.

i) State the purpose of the lead shots in the glass bulb
ii) How would the hydrometer be made more sensitive?

iii) Describe how the hydrometer is calibrated to measure relative density.

c) Figure 14 shows a cork floating on water and held to the bottom of the beaker by a thin thread

i) Name the force acting on the cork.
ii) Describe how each of the forces mentioned in (i) above changes when water is added into the beaker until it fills up.
The ball B shown below has a mass of 12kg and a volume of 50litres. It is held in position in sea water of density 104 kgm^-3 by a light cable fixed to the bottom so that ⁴/₅ of its volume is below the surface determine the tension in the cable.
A balloon of volume 1.2×10⁷ cm³ is filled with hydrogen gas of density 9.0 x 10^-5/g/cm Determine the weight of the fabric of the balloon.
A boat whose dimensions are equivalent to those of a rectangular figure of 5m long by 2m wide floats in fresh water. If this boat sinks 10cm deeper as a result of passengers climbing on board, determine the total weight of these passengers.
One fifth of the volume of an iceberg stands above the water surface. If the density of the seawater is 1.2g/cm³, determine the density of iceberg.
A hydrometer of mass 10g is placed in paraffin of density 0.8g/cm³. Determine the length of the paraffin if its bulb has a volume of 4cm³ and its stem has a cross section area of 0.5 cm²
An object of mass 50g floats with 20% of its volume above the water surface as shown below. The tension in the string is 0.06N.

a) Calculate the up thrust experienced by the object.
b) Volume of water displaced.
c) The density of the object
d) What would happen if the string was cut?
A piece of marble of mass 1.4kg and relative density 2.8 is supported by a light string from a spring balance. It is then lowered into the water fully. Determine the up thrust.
The block of wood of mass 80g is pulled just below the water surface by a piece of copper of density 9g/cm³ using a string of negligible weight. What is the mass of the piece of copper?

If the body weight 1.80N in air and 1.62N when submerged in a liquid of relative density 0.8, find the volume of the solid.

The density of the solid

(a) State the law of flotation.

(b ) Figure 10 shows a rectangular metal block of density 10500 kgm3 and dimensions 30 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm suspended inside a liquid of density 1200 kgm^-3 by a string attached to a point above the liquid. The three forces acting on the block are the tension T, On the string, the weight W, of the block and the upthrust, U due to the liquid.

(i) Write the expression relating T, W and U when the block is in equilibrium inside the liquid.

(ii) Determine the weight, W of the block

(iii) Determine the weight of the liquid displaced by the fully submerged block.

(iv) Hence determine the tension, T in the string.

(c) A certain solid of volume 50 cm³displaces 10 cm³of kerosene (density 800 kgm³) when floating. Determine the density of the solid.

a) An object weighs 2.04N in air, 1.64N in water and 1.72N when fully immersed in an unknown liquid. Calculate the density of the unknown liquid.
b) Give a reason why a small ball-bearing made of steel sinks in water while a large ship of the same material floats on water.
c) The figure 8 below is a bouy B of volume 80 litres and of mass 20Kg. It is held in position in sea water of density 1.04×10³ Kgm^-3 by a light string fixed to the bottom so that 0.73 of its volume is below the surface of water.

Determine the tension T in the string.

d) Figure 9 shows a hydrometer which is suitable for measuring densities of liquids range between 1.0 and 1.2gcm^-3

On the diagram, indicate against A and B the level corresponding to these extreme range of densities.

e) Figure 10 shows a wooden cube whose density is the same as that of water. The cube is held on the suface of water.

State and explain what would happen to the cube on releasing it.

(a) Figure 9 shows the same metal block weighed in air, water and liquid. . Given that the reading of the level of water becomes 75cm³when the metal is fully immersed,

Determine:

(i) Density of the metal

ii) Water level before the solid was immersed.

iii) Explain why the spring balance gives different reading in figure 9 (b) and 9 (c) with the same metal block.

(b) Figure 10 below shows a uniform plank of length 6.0m acted upon by forces shown. If the plank has a weight of 10N, determine the weight of W given that volume of metal block is 5000cm³, density of water = lg/cm3

(a). State Archimedes’s Principle .

b). A during bell of weight 60,000N and volume 2m³is to be raised from the bottom of

the sea. If the density of sea water is 1024kg/m³, calculate:

(i) the mass of sea-water displaced by the bell.

(ii) The force a crane must first exert to just lift the bell from the sea-bed.

(c). The figure below shows a bock of wood of dimension 16cm x 8cm 2cm floating with

¾ of its size submerged in a liquid.

Beaker

Balance

Liquid L

During the experiment with the following set-up above, the following results were obtained.

-Initial reading of the Toppan balance with empty beaker = 22g.

-Final reading of the top pan balance = 176g.

Use the above results to determine:

(i). the density of the block

(ii). The density of the liquid.

(a) A piece of sealing wax weighs 3N in air and 0.22N when immersed in water. Calculate:

(i) Its relative density.

(ii) Its apparent weight in a liquid of density 800 kgm^-3.

(b) The figure below shows a uniform beam one metre long and weighing 2N kept in

horizontal position by a body of weight 10N immersed in a liquid.

Determine the upthrust on the load.

A bubble of air has a diameter of 2.0 mm when it is 0.5m below the water surface of a boiler. Calculate the diameter of the bubble as it reaches the surface, assuming that the temperature remains constant.

(Take g = 10Nkg^-1 density of water = 10³kgm^-3 and atmospheric pressure = 10⁵Mn^-2

(a) State the Archimedes principle

(b) The figure below shows a block of mass 25g and density 200kg/m³ submerged beam by means of a thread. A mass of 2g if suspended form the beam as shown in the figure below

(i) Determine the up thrust force acting on the block

(ii) Calculate the density of the liquid

(c) A rectangular block of dimensions 4m x 3m x 2m is tethered to the sea bed by a wire. If the density of the material making the block is 0.67g/cm³ and density of water is 1.1g/cm³, calculate: (i) Up thrust force on the block

(ii) Tension on the wire

Explain why a needle can be carefully made to float in pure water but sinks if a detergent is added.
(i) State the law of floatation.

(ii) The fig. below shows a floating object of volume 40,000 cm³ and mass 10g. It is held as shown in water of density 1.25g/cm³ by a light cable at the bottom so that ¾ of the volume of the object is below the water surface. (Assume that up thrust due to air is negligible)

Figure 11

Cable

(iii) (I) Calculate the volume of the object under water.

(II) State the volume of water displaced by the object.

(III) Calculate the weight of water displaced.

(iv) Determine the tension in the cable

(v) Calculate the density of the object.

(a) A trolley is being pulled horizontally from a ticker-tape timer. The figure below shows part of the ticker-tape.

Figure 12

(i) Find the average velocity, u, at the section marked A.

(ii) Find the average velocity, V at the section marked B.

(iii) Find the acceleration of the trolley between A and B.

(b) If the mass of the trolley is 500g, determine the resultant force which acted on the trolley that caused the acceleration.

(a) State Archimedes’ principle

(b) (i) Draw a clearly labelled diagram of common hydrometer which is suitable for measuring the densities of liquids varying between 1.0 and 1.2 g/cm³. Show clearly the marks indicating 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 g/cm³.

(ii) State the principle upon which the instrument’s use depends

expression for the upthrust on the block

(a) Define the term relative density

(b) The diagram below shows a wooden log 12m long, density 800kg/m³ and cross-sectional area 0.06m²floating upright in sea water of density 1.03g/cm³, such that a third of it is covered by water.

A= 0.06m²

(i) Determine the weight of the block

(ii) The up-thrust on the block

(iii) The minimum weight that can be placed on the block to just make it fully submerged

Sinker

water

Cork

Sinker

Cork

Water

During the experiment, the following measurements were taken:-

– Weight of sinker in water = w₁

– Weight of sinker in water and cork in air = w₂

– Weight of sinker and cork in water = w₃

(i) Write an expression for the up thrust on cork

(ii) Write an expression for the relative density of the cork

(a) State the law of floatation

(b) The diagram figure 11 below shows a block of wood floating on water in a beaker. The set-up is at room temperature:-

fig. 11

The water in the beaker is warmed with the block still floating on it. State and explain the

changes that are likely to occur in depth x

(c) The diagram figure 12 below shows a balloon which is filled with hot air to a volume of 200m³. The weight of the balloon and its contents is 2200N.

fig. 12

(i) Determine the upthrust on the balloon (density of air 0.0012g/cm³)

(ii) The balloon is to be balanced by hanging small rats each of mass 200g on the lower end of the rope. Determine the least number of rats that will just make the lower end of the rope touch the ground.

(a) State Archimedes’s principle

(b) A rectangular brick of mass 10kg is suspended from the lower end of a spring balance and gradually lowered into water until its upper end is some distance below the surface

(i) State and explain the changes observed in the spring balance during the process

(ii) If the spring reads 80N when the brick is totally immersed, determine the volume of the brick. (Take density of water = 1000kgm^-3)

Lead shots

Explain:

(i) Why the stem is made narrow

(ii) Why the bulb is made wide

(iii) Why the lead-shots are placed at the bottom

(a) State the law of floatation

(b) The diagram below shows a wooden block of dimensions 50cm by 40cm by 20 cm held in position by a string attached to the bottom of a swimming pool. The density of the block is 600kgm^-3

(i) Calculate the pressure in the bottom surface of the block

(ii) State the three forces acting on the block and write an equation linking them when the block is stationary

(iii) Calculate the tension on the string

A block of glass of mass 250g floats in mercury. What volume of glass lies under the surface of Mercury? Density of mercury is 13.6 x 10³Kg/m³
a) State the law of floatation
b) A balloon of negligible weight and capacity 80m³ is filled with helium of density 0.18Kgm^-3. Calculate the lifting force of the balloon given that the density of air = 1.2Kgm^-3
c) A piece of glass has a mass of 52g in air, 32g when completely immersed in water and 18g when completely immersed in an acid. (Take: density of water = 1g/cm³)

Calculate:

i) Density of glass
ii) Density of the acid

(a) Fig 6 below shows a uniform plank of weight 20N and length 1.0m balanced by a 0.5kg mass at a distance x from the pivot point O.

Figure 6

Determine the value of x

(b) When the block is completely immersed in water the pivot 0 must shift by 0.05 m to the left for the system to balance. The density of water is 1000 kgm^-3.Determine:

(i) The upthrust U on the block.

(ii) The volume of the block.

a) The figure 9 below shows a ball of 15kg and volume 0.06m³ held in position in sea water held by a chain and block of lead. The density of the sea water is 1.04gcm^-3 and the ball is held half its volume below the surface of the sea water.

Fig 9

Lead block

Ball

a) What volume of sea water is displaced by the ball?
b) Determine the weight of the chain and block of lead which keeps the ball in its position
c) If the ball becomes separated from the chain and floats by itself in sea water, what volume of the ball will submerge?
d) i) State two factors that determine the magnitude of centripetal force acting on a body moving uniformly in a circular path. (2 mks)
ii) A cyclist negotiating a corner at a high speed leans inwards in order to successfully pass. Explain how this action enables him to negotiate.
(a) State Archimedes Principle

(b) The figure below shows a block of mass 50g and density 2000kg/m³ submerged in a certain liquid and suspended from uniform horizontal beam by means of a string. A mass of 40g suspended from the other end of the beam puts the system in equilibrium.

(i) Determine the upthrust force acting on the block.

(ii) Calculate the density of the liquid

(iii) Calculate the new balance point of the 50 g mass (the 40g mass remains fixed) if the liquid was replaced with one whose density was 1500Kg/m³

a) State Archimedes principle.

b) The figure below shows a rectangular block of height 4cm floating vertically in a beaker containing two immiscible liquid A and B. The densities of the liquid are 8000 kg/m 3 and 12000 kg/m3 respectively.

The cross sectional area of the block is 2cm²

Determine

The weight of the liquid A displaced by the block
The weight of the liquid B displaced by the block

The mass of the block

The density of the block
A body weighs 3.8 N in air and 2.8 N when fully immersed in water. Find the relative density of the body (Density of water is g/cm 3)
State the special features of a hygrometer
(a) State Archimedes’ principle.

(b) A solid Y weighs 40N in air, 30N when in water and 35N in liquid X. Find the density of;

(i) Solid Y

(ii) Liquid X

(c) A simple hydrometer is set up with a test – tube of mass 10g and length 12cm with a flat base and partly filled with lead shots. The test tube has a uniform cross-sectional area 2.0cm³ and 10cm of its length is under water as shown in the figure below.

(i) Taking the density of water as 1000Kg/m³. Calculate the mass of the lead shots in the test tube.

(ii) The mass of the lead shots to be added if it has to displace an equal volume of a liquid of density 1.25g/cm³.

(a) State Archimede’s principle

(b) A cork and a stone are both held under water and released at the same time.

State the observation that would be made
Explain the observation above

(c) A wooden block measures 2cm by 5cm by 10cm floats in water with its length vertical. if three quarters of its length is submerged, determine;

The density of the block
The volume of the block remaining above the surface when floating in a liquid of density 800kgm^-3

(d) In an experiment to determine the relative density of methylated spirit by applying Archemedes principle, the follwing results were obtained.

Mass (g)	100	150	200
Weight in air (N)	1.00	1.50	2.0
Weight in water (N)	0.88	1.32	1.76
Apparent loss in weight (N)
Weight in methylated spirit (N)	0.91	1.36	1.82
Apparent loss in weight (N)

Fill in the blank spaces in the table
On the same axes, plot a graph of upthrust (y-axis) against weight in water; for both water and methylated spirit
Determine the gradient of each;stating the significance of the gradients.

a) State Archimedes principle.
b) The diagram below shows two bodies hanging from the 30cm mark and the 80cm mark of a uniform metre rule. One of the bodies of mass 5kg and volume 0..01 m³ is immersed in a liquid.

Figure 10

If the system is in equilibrium, calculate the density of the liquid.

c) A balloon used to carry instrument for meteorological department up into the atmosphere has a capacity of 30 m³ and is filled with hydrogen. The weight of fabric of balloon is 30N.

(Determine of hydrogen is 0.089Kgm^-3 and of air is 1.29 Kg m^-3 , g = 10Nkg^-1)

State the law of floatation
- A solid metal block cross-section area and of density is fully immersed in water , supported by a spring balance

A part from the weight , state and indicate the direction of any two forces acting on the metal block
If the upward force acting on the bottom face is ,Calculate the volume of the block
Calculate the apparent weight of block in water

c) What is purpose of lead shot in hydrometer?
A hot air balloon is tethered to the ground on a windless day as shown in figure 3

The envelope of the balloon contains 1200m³ of hot air of density 0.8kg/m³. Mass of the empty balloon is 400kg. Density of the surrounding air is 1.3kg/m³. Calculate the tension in the rope holding the balloon on the ground

a) State the law of flotation
b) A flat test tube containing lead shots is immersed in a fluid, where it floats as shown

(i) What is the use of the lead shots?

(ii) The following readings were obtained for total mass M, of the test tube and lead shot and the depth, h of the test tube immersed as lead shot was added to the tube.

M/g	48	55	60	65	73	77	84
h/cm	8	9	10	11	12	13	14

Plot a graph of M against depth

(iii) From the graph find the depth immersed when M is 90g

Use this result to find area of the base of the tube (density of liquid =1.2g/cm³)

(iv) State one use of a hydrometer

The diagram below shows a car acid hydrometer.

(i) Indicate on the diagram above the minimum and the maximum measurement to be taken.

(ii) State the reason why the bulb is wide.

a) State the law of floatation.
b) You are provided with the following:-

– A block of wood

– A spring balance

– Thin thread

– Overflow can

– A small measuring cylinder

– Some liquid

With the aid of a labeled diagram describe an experiment to the law of floatation.

c) A block of length 80cm cross sectional area of 3.0cm³ and density 1300kg / m ³ is completely immersed in a liquid of density 1030 kg/ m³.

Determine:-

(i) The mass of the block.

(ii) The weight of the block in the liquid.

a) State the law of flotation
b) A hydrometer is floating in a liquid at temperature of 18⁰ If the temperature of the liquid is raised to 50⁰C state the observation made
c) A cylindrical beaker of uniform X – sectional area of 50cm² and height 12cm floats in water with one third of its volume immersed. A liquid Q is poured into the beaker until it completely sinks. Density of water = 1.og/cm³. Density of liquid Q = 1.25g/cm³

Determine

i) Weight of beaker
ii) Upthrust of water before the beaker is completely immersed

END

iii) The volume of liquid Q used

(a) Sate the law of floatation.

(b) The figure below shows a piece of cork held with a light thread attached to the bottom of a beaker. The beaker is filled with water.

Indicate and label on the diagram the forces acting on the cork.
Write an expression showing the relationship between the forces above.
If the thread breaks, name another force that will act on the cork.
A solid displaces 8.5cm³ of liquid when in a certain liquid and 11.5cm³ when fully submerged in the same liquid. The density of the solid is 0.8g/cm³. determine:-
1. The upthrust on the solid when floating.
2. The density of the liquid.
3. The upthrust on the solid when fully submerged.

A solid of mass 100g and density 2.5g/cm³ weighs 0.5N when totally submerged in a liquid. Determine the density of the liquid.
a) State Archimedes’ principle
b) A cube of side 12cm is completely immersed in a liquid of density 800kgm^-3 so that the top surface of the cube is horizontal and 20cm below the surface of the liquid as shown in the figure below.

Figure 8

Fig 8

Calculate the pressure due to the liquid on the cube.

i) at a depth of 20cm
ii) at a depth of 32cm
c) Hence calculate the force due to the pressure difference between the top surface and the bottom of the cube
a) i) State Archimedes’s Principle.
ii) An object weighs 1 .04N in air, 0.64N when fully immersed in water and 0. 72N when fully immersed in a liquid. If the density of water is 1000 kgm^-3,find the density of the liquid.
b) i) State the law of floatation
ii) Give a reason why a steel rod sinks in water while a ship made of steel floats on water.
Figure 13 shows a buoy, B, of volume 40 litres and mass 10 kg. It is held in position in sea water of density 1.04gcm^-3 by a light cable fixed to the bottom so that 3 of the volume of the buoy is below the surface of the sea water. Determine the tension T in the cable.

Fig.13

b(iii) The figure below shows a diagram of a hydrometer which is suitable for measuring the densities of liquids varying between 1.0 and 1.2g cm^-1

On the diagram indicate the label corresponding to 1.0 and 1.2 g/cm³

a)A student was provided with the following

Density bottle; beam balance, water and liquid x

Describe how you would use the above to determine the relative density of liquid x.

b) In the figure below a block with graduated side and dimensions. 10cm X 2 cm X 16 cm is just about to be lowered into a liquid in a Eureka can.

Block

Wooden block

Compression balance

Beaker

Eureka can

During the experiment the results were recorded as

(i) The block floated with 75% of it submerged.

(ii) Initial reading of compression balance 0.0g

iii) Final reading of compression balance 160g.

Use the above results to determine the density of the block.

a) State the law of floatation.
b) A body weighs 40N in air, 30N when in water and 35N when in liquid X. Find the relative density of liquid X.
c) A simple hydrometer is set up with a test — tube of mass 10g and length 12cm with a flat base and partly filled with lead shots. The test tube has a uniform Cross — Sectional area 2.0cm²and 10cm of its length is under water as shown in the figure below.

(i) Taking the density of water as l000Kg/m³. Calculate the mass of the lead shots in the tube.

(ii) The mass of the lead shots to be added if it has to displace an equal volume of a liquid of

density 1.25g/cm³.

(a) State the law of floatation. (b) You are provided with the following apparatus:

– A block of wood

– A spring balance

– Thin thread

– Overflow can

– A small measuring cylinder

– Some water.

Using the apparatus above, describe an experiment to verify the law of floatation.

on water if the weight is 200N in air.

(d) Figure 3 below shows a hydrometer.

Fig 3

(i) State the purpose of the part marked C.

(ii) Identify the higher value between the reading at A and B.

a) State Archimedes’s principle.
b) The figure below shows a black of mass 25g and density 2000kg/m³ submerged in a certain liquid and suspended from a uniform horizontal beam by means of a thread. A mass of 2g is suspended from the beam as shown.

i) Determine the thrust force acting on the liquid.
ii) Calculate the density of the liquid.
c) The rubber used to make a balloon weighs 0.1kg.The balloon is inflated to a volume of 0.5m³with hydrogen whose density is 9.0 x10^-2Kg/m³.What is the maximum load the balloon can lift. (Density of air=1.3Kg/m³)
a) State Archimedes’s principle.
b) A student was provided with water in a beaker, a spring balance, a metal block, a cork and a string. Using the arrangements shown in figure 9 she recorded the following results

Fig 9

Weight of cork in air = W₁

Weight of cork in air and metal in water = W₂

Weight of both cork and metal in water = W₃

i) Write an expression for the upthrust on the cork in water.
ii) Derive an expression for the relative density of the cork.
Apiece of wax of mass 380g and volume 400cm³ is kept under water by tying with a thin thread to a piece of metal. Determine the tension in thread.
(a) State the law of floatation. (b) Figure 12 shows a piece of cork held with a light thread attached to the bottom of a beaker. The beaker if filled with water.

Water

Cork

Fig. 12

(i) Indicate and label on the diagram the forces acting on the cork.

(ii) Write an expression showing the relationship between the forces.

(c) A solid displaces 8.5cm³of liquid when floating on a certain liquid and 11.5 cm³ when fully submerged in the liquid. The density of the solid if 0.8g/cm3. determine:

(i) Up thrust on the solid when floating.

(ii) Density of the liquid.

a) State the law of flotation.
b) A rectangular block of cross section area 0.08m² is immersed in a liquid of density 1200kgm^-3. The top and the lower surfaces are 20cm and 80cm below the surface of the liquid respectively
i) What is the downward force on the top of the block?
ii) Calculate the upthrust on the block.
c) A block of glass of mass 0.25kg floats in mercury of density 1.36 x 10⁴kgm^-3. What volume of the glass lies under the surface of mercury?
d) The weight of a cube in air is 0.5N. When immersed in water, it weighs 0.44N and in oil weighs 0.46N. Calculate the relative density of the oil.
a) State the law of flotation.
b) What determine the depth to which a body sinks in a liquid?
c) A student constructed a hydrometer for use in milk industry. State the modification he can make to increase the sensitivity of the hydrometer.
d) Name this type of hydrometer.
e) State the Archimedes Principle.
e) A balloon of volume 9.0m³ is filled with hydrogen of density 0.18kg/m³ and held in position as shown. If it floats in air of density 1.3kg/m³ and the weight of the balloon envelop 45N is calculate the tension T.

f) A solid object weighs 90N when suspended in air and 84N when immersed in water. When fully submerged in an acid it weighs 76N. Determine the relative density of the acid.
(a) A test tube of uniform cross-section is loaded so that it can float upright in water figure 5 below.

mm scale

Water

Lead shots

Fig 5

(i) Describe how the test tube above may be catibrated to measure densisty of liquid .

(ii) On the same diagram indicate the position of the Zero mark on the mm scale if it is calibrated to measure density.

(iii) Give a reason for the position of the zero mark indicated in (ii) above. (2mks)

(b) In an experiment to determine the density of a liquid a uniform metal cylinder of cross-section area 6.2cm² was hang from a spring balance and lowered gradually into the liquid. The upthrust was determined for various submerged lengths. The results obtained are shown on the graph figure 6. below.

Fig 6

Use the graph to

(i) Determine the upthrust when the cylinder is fully immersed if it length is 10.5 cm.

(ii) Determine the density of the liquid.

(i) State the law of floatation

(ii) A balloon made up of a fabric weighing 80N has a volume of 1x 10⁷cm³. The balloon is filled with hydrogen of density 0.09 Kgm^-3.Calculate the greatest weight, in addition to that of the hydrogen and its fabric which the balloon can carry in air of average density 1.25kgm^-3.

(b) The diagram below shows the same metal block weighed in air,water and liquid X

Liquid X

0.7N

0.8N

0cm³

65cm³

0.72N

Water

(i) Calculate the density of the metal.

(ii) Water level before the solid was immersed.

(ii) Density of the liquid X

a) State the law of floatation.
b) A cylindrical block of wood has a radius 3.5 cm and height 10cm. if floats vertically in a beaker

r=3.5 cm

containing two immiscible liquids A and B. The densities of the liquids are 0.8g cm^-3 and 1.2 gcm^-3 respectively.

4cm

5 cm

Liquid A

Wooden block

Liquid B

i) Determine the mass of the liquid A displaced by the block.
ii) the mass of liquid B displaced by the block

iii) The density of the block.

a) State the law of flotation
b) A piece of wood floating with three fifth of its volume immersed in water .What is the density of the wood (density of water 1000kg/m³) (2mks)
c) A metal block of mass 3kg and volume 500cm³ is hang at the 10cm mark of a uniform meter rule and then is completely submerged in water in a beaker as shown in he diagram below.

Figure 9

i) Show all the force acting on the metal block
ii) If the rule is pivoted at the 50cm mark determine the point x at which a 50N weight should be placed 50 as to balance it (density of water =1000kg/m³,g=10N/kg)
(a) Define the relative density of a solid

(b) In an experiment to determine the relative density of liquid A, the following set up was used.

100g

Stand

Metre Rule

100g mass

Liquid A

The distance x of the mass in liquid A was measured for various length, y of an identical mass of equilibrium and a graph of y against x was drawn as shown in the grid below.

(i) Determine the gradient, S, of the graph.

(ii) If S = , where F is the apparent weight of mass in liquid A and W is the actual weight of the mass. Calculate the value of F and the up thrust u.

(iii) Determine the relative density of the liquid a, given that the weight of the 100g mass

in water was 0.9N.

(c) A balloon’s fabric weighs 10N and has a gas capacity of 2M³. If the gas in the balloon weighs 2N and air has density 1.29kg/m3, Find the resultant force on the balloon when it is floating in air.

a). State the law of flotation

b). Figure below shows a rectangular bloc of height 10cm floating vertically in a beaker containing two immiscible liquid A and B of densities 800kg/m³ and 1000kg/m³ respectively. The dimension of the block is 3cm long by 2cm wide and 10 cm high.

2cm

5cm

3cm

Liquid A

Liquid B

Fig 9

If the length of the block in liquid A is 5cm and that of the block in liquid B is 3cm. Determine

The weight of liquid A displaced
Weight of liquid B displaced

Density of rectangular block

Explain why a hollow metal sphere floats on water while a solid metal sphere of the same material sinks in the water.

Teachers' Resources

ENGLISH PP3 FORM 4 KASSU JOINT EXAMINATION TEST PLUS ANSWERS

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

Name……………………………………………………Index Number………………………………Class……………

Adm. No……………………….Date…………………………….

101/3

ENGLISH

PAPER 3 (Creative Writing and Essay based on Set Texts)

TIME: 2 ½ HOURS

SUNSHINE SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education)

Instructions to candidates:

Write your name, admission number, class, index number and date in the spaces provided below.
Answer three questions only.
Questions one and two are compulsory. Choose only one question from question three.
Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words.
Write legibly and neatly in blue ink.

For Examiner’s use only.

Question	*Maximum Score*	Student’s Score
1.	20
2.	20
3.	20
Total	60

This paper consists of 8 printed pages. Ensure no page is missing.

Imaginative Composition(Compulsory) (20 marks)

Either

Write a story which ends with the following words:

“… I knew it was just a matter of time before it was unearthed.” Or

b) The use of the social media platform should be regulated. Write a composition for or against

this proposition.

The Compulsory Set Text: The Caucasian Chalk Circle, Bertolt Brecht (20 marks)

Justice is only just when it serves people who deserve it. Write an essay in support of the above statement drawing illustrations on The Caucasian Chalk Circle.

The Optional Set Texts (20 marks)
Memories we Lost and other Short stories

Travelers are sometimes subjected to pathetic travelling conditions in Third World cities. Drawing illustrations from Benjamin Branoff’s ‘Window Seat’, write an essay to support this statement.

Betrayal in the City, Francis Imbuga

Those in power apply various means to silence their critics. Support this statement basing your illustrations from Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the City.

The Pearl, John Steinbeck

Coexistence is paramount to survival in any society. Justify this statement using illustrations from The Pearl by John Steinbeck.

PAPER 3

MARKING SCHEME

(a) Must be a story, if not deduct up to 4 marks AD

Should present a scenario where a character that is generous or offer assistance is finally rewarded in some way

(b) Must be a story, if not deduct up to 4 marks

Should present a scenario where a character from a poor background finally becomes successful

CLASS MARKS CATEGORY

EACH ESSAY

A A+	19-20
A	18
A-	16-17
B B+	14-15
B	13
B-	11-12
C C+	09-10
C	08
C-	06-07
D D+	04-05
D	03
D-	00-02

MARKING SYMBOLS

The main signs indicate three degrees of seriousness of error.

GROSS ERROR OMISSION FORCONSTRUCTION IN MARGIN

(b) MINOR ERROR OMISSION MINOR CONSRTRUCTION ERROR

(c)MINOR OR POSSIBLE ERROR

This sign in the margin is used only when a construction error effects more than one line.

FAULTY PARAGRAPHING

worddddddddd

REPETITION -(of words ) a circle around the word\(of ideas)

R ^{usually in the margin}

ILLEGIBILITY

Obscure/vague (in margin)

VAGUENESS

WRONG WORD ORDER Underline once and write W.O in margin

ILLOGICAL or contradictory ILL (in margin)

BROKEN ENGLISH when the candidate fails to communicate BR in margin

FOR PURPOSES OF IDENTIFICATION

COW to indicate that a candidate has used a pencil to make a correction

BRACKETS [ ] indicate a part of a d script that communicates

* Use an asterisk to indicate an item or a sentence that the rubrics indicate should be used

II TO INDICATE AN ITEM OF MERIT use a tick(Ö) either above a word or in the margin for the whole sentence.

GROSS ERRORS

Almost any error of agreement
elementary errors of sentence construction
Ridiculous use of idiom that affects communication
Misuse of common prepositions
Misuse of capital letters – Use CAPS underline the first page and use
CAPS on subsequent pages where the mistake persists

MARKING NORMAL SCRIPTS

Decide on the degree of communication achieved ,A-D
After underlining decide on the mark category
Allocate a numerical mark to the essay

PROBLEM SCRIPTS………………………………………….

All problem scripts must be marked by the examiner and then set to the Tea leader with comments

IRRELELVANCY,/

Consistent distorted of question version of question, writing on a totally different subject with a clumps attempt at connecting the essay to the subject given, inclusion of memorized passages, etc.
The question is given an unacceptable or questionable interpretation
Essays contain long, semi- relevant digressions or lack coherence

ACTION

The examiner marks the essay, gives a linguistic mark and comment on the nature of the irrelevancy

The essay is then passed over to the team leader who judges whether the irrelevancy should be judged as a deliberate attempt to deceive or should be attributed to the candidate’s poor understanding of the subject. Deduct up to 4 marks for irrelevancy in the essay. If dishonesty is suspected, the Chief examiner should be informed. Any deduction of 3marks or more should be referred to the Chief Examiner

CONTRAVENTION OF RUBRIC

Since the rubrics may change from year, the POINTS OF INTERPRETATION that are of this MARKING SCHEME must be consulted and adhered to faithfully. Here are some general rules that usually apply.

SCRIPTS THAT DO NOT COMMUNICATE (Broken language)

Decide on the category D+ D or D-
Mark the error on the first page of the essay
Read the other pages, if the essay still does not communicate , draw a diagonal line across each page.
Team leaders should look at a good number of those script and ensure that the mark given is fair.

BREVITY
It should be remembered that the main quality of an essay is how effectively it communicates. If an essay looks too short, the examiner should take the time to count the exact number of words

KENYAN ENGLISH

Agood number of words and expressions are understood and currently used by all Kenyans. They can be used in essays without any need for quotation marks or explanations. We can include among those Pnga, rungu ,shamba , murrain, matatu

Wananchi, ugali, madadrasa, harambee , matoke

Maendeleo ya Wanawake , salaam aya, askari

Debe, duka ,Nyayo, boma sukumawiki, goal party, manyatta.magendo

AMERICAN SPELLING

Although “English” spelling is more common than American” spelling in Kenya, examiner should accept both spelling and no penalty should be given for such various. Penalize for lack of consistency in usage of either

2 COMPULSORY TEXT- THE CAUCASIAN CHALK CIRCLE

Introduction

Everyone in life gets what is due to them depending on the effort they make and their commitment towards achieving ascertain end. People who refuse to take responsibility end up losing what they would have benefitted from.

(Accept any other relevant introduction) = 2 marks.

Introduction should confirm that the candidate understands the question.

It can be – A paraphrase

-An outline

-Contextualized

The candidate must show a point of interpretation of the question.

i)Identify the incident / circumstance.

ii) The conflict around it / contention.

iii) How one character / one party are better suited to get the things / receive the favor than the other.

Example.

The conflict between the fruit farmers and the goat herders.

The fruit farmers want the valley, the goat herders previously occupied, to put it to greater production.

The goat herders are demanding their valley back after the war.

However the fruit farmers win the day and get the valley for the simple reason;

-That they had grand plans for that valley.

-They planned to build a dam across the mountain lake that would enable them water 100 acres of infertile land.

-With that the farm could not only grow more fruits but would also support vineyards thus they needed the valley to put the plans to action.

-This plan would also benefit the good herders in the food production.

In this case the fruit farmers deserve the valley for they would put it to good use.

Grusha and not Natella deserve to keep Michael.

Natella is Michael’s biological mother but Grusha is the one who shows concern and takes great risks for the child in ensuring his security (from the Iron shirts) and his general welfare.

Natella, the biological mother forgot her own and only heir in her escape from Nuka. Which mother does that?

As if that wasn.t gross enough, she comes back to claim Michael for the sole purpose of accessing the vast wealth Georgi had put under Michael.

Grusha will not give up the baby without a fight.

When the case is brought before Judge Azdak Natella pulls the child out of the circle because she wants to win at whatever cost.

Grusha will not dare harm the child and refuses to pull him out of the chalk circle.

The judge rules in favour of Grusha because she is best suited to keep the child. She is motherly in every way and will nurture the child unlike his mother. So the child is left in the hands of the one who will bring out the best in the child.

Between Simon and Jussup, Simon is best suited to be with Grusha.

Simon before going off to war makes a promise to Grusha that he will come back and even gives her a cross as evident of their engagement. Though he stays long at war, he eventually does come back to Grusha.

A promise is fulfilled Jussup, buy unlikely circumstances marries Grusha. He is harsh on her and constantly keeps at her.

When Michael is taken by the Iron shirts back to Nuka, Simon follows her and stays with her throughout.

He is even willing to testify that the child, Michael, is his just to save and help Grusha keep Michael.

So, when judge Adzak “mistakenly” divorces Grusha instead of the old couple, we say that it is all for the best for Simon was good by Grusha unlike Jussup who harassed her all the time. It is also not lost to us that Grusha herself loves Simon and not Jussup when she get married to for convenience. So, she should go to Simon.

Azdak deserves to be judge and not prince Kazbeki.s nephew. The nephew, being fronted by Kazbeki who has just executed his own brother, G.B the governor if made judge would like his predecessors, just serve the rich Azdak on the other hand proves to be the savior of the poor neglected Glusinians.

Thus he deserved to be the judge for he would change the status que and offer respite to the poor.

Introduction -2

3: 3: 3:3 -12

Conclusion -2 Language 4

3 C) THE PEARL by JOHN STEINBECK

Introduction

Human beings desire to be wealthy they always think that happiness and wealth are directly related. This is not true according the Pearl by JOHN STEINBECK as the pearl thought to bring happiness brings nothing but trouble

Body

The pearl buyers blackmail. As the Kinos march towards the town, the villagers join them but only one man walks close to Kino, his brother, Juan Tomas. This is done due to seriousness of the occasion. Kino and Tomas are worried about the possibility of the pearl dealer cheating them of the true value of the pearl. But it appears there is no other way they can go around it. The pearls dealers have colluded to get konos pearl at a lower price. The first buyer quotes a thousand pesos. The second buyer asks to be excluded in the discussion because the pearl is monstrosity. The third one says the pearl will soon loss its color and the fourth offers a paltry five hundred pesos. In disgust, Kino snatches his pearl from the fourth buyer’s hand

After kino succeeds to get the pearl from his wife who wants to throw it into the sea, he is attacked by the dark ones and ransacked. His attackers are searching for the pearl which he has just saved from his wife. He assaults his wife and kills a man. His violence reaches beastly proportion…..”He was an animal now, for attacking and he lived only to preserve himself and his family”….pg 87

The trackers persuit.Kino wakes up with a start and investigates their surrounding only to discover trackers pursuing them. One is on his horseback. He chooses to take his family up the mountain; the desperate attempt to cover as much distance as possible before the trackers make the obvious hiding place .The music of evil in his ears becomes more ominous. The pearl that has been declared worthless by the dealers is indeed priceless and one of its own kind in the world hence the greedy and malicious intent to grab it.

Doctors interests on the pearl. Kino promises to pay the medical bill after selling his pearl. The doctor feigning ignorance asks if he truly has a pearl in his safety. Kino will not part with his pearl .Already sensing that kino has hidden the pearl somewhere inside the earthen floor; the door looks at kinos eyes intensely during conversion.

Coyotito’s death. The trackers camp by the pool and sleep in turns .One keeping sentry as others rest. Kino decides to attack his enemies instead of allowing them to find him and his family at dawn He plans to attack them under the cover of darkness before the bright moon shows up unfortunately Coyotito utters a little cry which alerts the trackers and one of them fires into the cave with a rifle hitting the baby and killing it. Kino kills the three trackers in brief but dramatic moments of sheer madness.

CONCLUSION

Kinos family finds the pearl being a curse instead of being a curse instead of being a blessing as they thought about it earlier but the opposite happens. It brings sorrow and suffering. It is true wealth can be a curse instead of being a blessing.

3a.MEMORIES WE LOST AND OTHER STORIES

Introduction

A family with a sick member goes through a lot of challenges. Others members of the family are involved in a lot of activities in order to care and treat the sick person. It involves a lot of sacrifice and patience practiced by the members of the family. This is clearly seen in the short story, memories we lost by lidudu malingani mqombothi in memories we lost and other short stories from east Africa.

Causes panic. The narrators sister suffers from an incurable disease known as schizophrenia; a serious disease mental illness in which someone thoughts and feelings are not based on what is really happening around them .she runs away from home one night, screaming waking up everyone and sending them into panic .Despite their frenzied and frightened search for her, the search parties return empty handed. It is only the girl’s mother who manages to bring the sister back later on in the morning.

The narrator describes horrifying incidents when the condition gets the better or her sister. One such incident was when she cracks her head against the wall of their house leaking it bleeding.

Causes others suffering The narrator also describes another incident when her ill sister throws a pot of searing hot porridge in her direction severely burning her chest she has to quickly remove her dress to prevent further damage.

Causes desperation and hopelessness .Narrators mother takes the child to medicine men called sangomas and churches to have the conditions exercised to no avail .Rituals are held to get rid of the condition which involve slaughtering a goat and prayers by both sangomas and pastors .Then the mother and her uncle referred to as smelly foot plan to take the narrators sister to another medicine malled called nzuki to bake her over a fire to rid of the condition.

The family members suffer trauma .The narrators sister sneaks her sister out of their homestead to an unknown place .She avoid public scrutiny as they flee by travelling on less frequently used paths and at night. She refuses to attend school until her sister gets better .She keeps her sister company when other people are afraid of her

Conclusion

The family members go through a lot of sufferings as a result of a sick member in the family. They end up doing the unthinkable in order to help the ill member

Teachers' Resources

KCPE past papers, Marking schemes and Revision, Predictions

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

KCPE past papers, Marking schemes and Revision, Predictions

Looking for the best KCPE revision Papers and answers? Well. Look no further. Download all the KCPE resources here at no cost.

THE 47 COUNTIES KCPE PREMOCK 1 (2).pdf
THE 47 COUNTIES KCPE PREMOCK 3 (2).pdf
THE 47 COUNTIES KCPE PREMOCK 2 (2).pdf
SSTRE KCPE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES (3).pdf
SST KCPE 2023 REGIONAL MOCKS.pdf
SST KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS.pdf
SST 2010-2022 KCPE PAST PAPERS (2).pdf
SCI KCPE 2023 REGIONAL MOCKS.pdf
SCI KCPE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES (3).pdf
SCI KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS.pdf
SCI 2010-2022 KCPE PAST PAPERS (2).pdf
MAT KCPE 2023 REGIONAL MOCKS.pdf
MAT KCPE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES (3).pdf
MAT KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS.pdf
MAT 2010-2022 KCPE PAST PAPERS (2).pdf
KISW KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS.pdf
KIS KCPE 2023 REGIONAL MOCKS.pdf
KIS KCPE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES (3).pdf
KIS 2010-2022 KCPE PAST PAPERS (2).pdf
KCPE 2023 TRANS-COUNTY MOCK 1.pdf
KCPE 2023 TOP PREDICTION 15.pdf
KCPE 2023 TOP PREDICTION 14.pdf
KCPE 2023 TOP PREDICTION 13.pdf
KCPE 2023 TOP PREDICTION 12.pdf
KCPE 2023 TOP PREDICTION 11.pdf
KCPE 2023 SUPER PREDICTION (3).pdf
KCPE 2023 SUPER PREDICTION (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 QA PREDICTIONS (3).pdf
KCPE 2023 QA PREDICTIONS (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 NATIONAL PREDICTION TESTS (3).pdf
KCPE 2023 NATIONAL PREDICTION TESTS (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 NATIONAL MOCK 1.pdf
KCPE 2023 LAST PREDICTIONS (3).pdf
KCPE 2023 LAST PREDICTIONS (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 INTERCOUNTY MOCK 1.pdf
KCPE 2023 FINAL PREDICTION (2).pdf
KCPE 2023 FINAL PREDICTION (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 EXTRACOUNTY MOCK 1.pdf
KCPE 2023 CTQ ANALYSIS (2).pdf
KCPE 2023 CTQ ANALYSIS (1).pdf
KCPE 2023 CROSS-COUNTRY MOCK 1.pdf
KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINT PREDICTION QUESTIONS (1).pdf
EXPECTED QUESTIONS IN KCPE 2023 (3).pdf
EXPECTED QUESTIONS IN KCPE 2023 (1).pdf
ENG KCPE 2023 REGIONAL MOCKS.pdf
ENG KCPE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES (3).pdf
ENG KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS.pdf
ENG 2010-2022 KCPE PAST PAPERS (2).pdf
CRE KCPE 2023 BLUE PRINTS .pdf
CLASS 8 SST TOPICAL QUESTIONS (2).pdf

Teachers' Resources

Form 3 Business Studies Exams and Marking Schemes Free

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

NAME: …………………………………………………. ADM ………………..DATE………………..

CANDIDATE’S SIGN………..……………..…

565/2

BUSINESS STUDIES

PAPER 2

TIME: 2:30HOURS

JOINT EXAMINATION

FORM THREE BUSINESS STUDIES

PAPER 2

END OF TERM 3 EXAMINATION

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

Write your name and index numbers in the spaces provided
All answers should be written in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Answer any five questions.

For Examiner’s Use Only

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

Total scores

Marks

Explain five accounting documents used in home trade. [10 mks]
There has been a decline in demand for wooden furniture. Explain five factors that may have caused this trend. [10 mks]
Explain five features that differentiate a public limited company from a partnership. [10 mks]
Describe five common channels of distribution for the locally manufactured goods. [10mks]

The following balances were extracted from the books of Mageta traders on 31^st Jan 2015.

(Shs)

Land 82 000

Furniture 61 500

Debtors 17 700

Bank 91 000

Stock 18 600

Cash 10 800

10 yrs Bank loan 165 000

Creditors 34 100

Required: [10mks]

Determine the business capital
Prepare a Mageta Traders balance sheet as at 31^st Jan 2015.
Highlight five factors that may promote entrepreneurship in Kenyan. [10mks]
Explain five ways in which a warehouse may promote trade. [10mks]
Explain five problems that may be faced when measuring national income using the output approach. [10mks]
Outline five differences between open office layouts and enclosed office layouts. [10mks]
Explain five reasons for consumer protection. [10mks]
Outline four circumstances in which a trader may offer after sales service to the buyer. [10mks]
The following information was extracted from books of Mamboleo Traders in the month of September, 2014.

September 1 Had cash in hand shs. 15 500 and a bank overdraft of shs. 9 700.

September 3 Bought goods for sale shs. 12 300

September 5 Sold goods in cash shs. 8 500

September 9 Sold goods on credit shs. 10 000

September 12 Receive a cheque of shs. 9 000 from a debtor

September 15 Paid a creditor shs. 10 000

September 17 Paid wages shs. 2 600 in cash

September 19 Received a cheque shs. 23 400 from Samson for goods sold in January

September 23 Withdrew shs. 7 700 from the bank for office use.

September 24 Paid electricity bills by cheque of shs. 1 200

September 25 Received a cheque of shs. 11 500 from a debtor

September 26 Made cash sales of shs. 12 800

September 27 Purchased goods worth shs. 8 950 in cash

September 28 Paid water bills by cheque shs. 2 800

Required: Prepare a two column cash book. [10mks]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

JOINT EXAMINATION

FORM THREE BUSINESS STUDIES

PAPER 2

END OF TERM 3 EXAMINATION

MARKING SCHEME.

Explain five accounting documents used in home trade. [10 mks]
Invoice which is sent by the seller to the buyer demanding payment for goods.
Debit note sent by the seller to the buyer to correct an undercharge in the invoice.

Credit note sent by the seller to the buyer to correct an overcharge in the invoice.

Receipt issued by the seller to a buyer when payment is made.
Statement of account sent by seller to the buyer showing details of transactions in a month.
Payment voucher used to validate payment for goods /services offered.

Bank deposit slip which shows evidence of payment into the bank account.

There has been a decline in demand for wooden furniture. Explain five factors that may have caused this trend. [10 mks]
Decline in consumers incomes reducing the buying ability hence less demand.
Fall in prices of substitutes [e.g plastic furniture’s] making them more affordable

Increase in price of wooden furniture making them unaffordable.

Unfavorable government policies e.g high taxes leading to higher prices hence unaffordable
Low seasons leading to fewer buyers
Unfavorable change in tastes and preferences making them undesirable.

Explain five features that differentiate a public limited company from a partnership. [10 mks]

Public limited company

Partnership

i. Membership is a minimum of seven shareholders

ii. Shareholders have limited liability

iii. Managed by people appointed by board of directors

iv. Regulated by articles/ memorandum of association and companies Act

v. No maximum membership

vi. Raises capital through sale of shares

vii. Has perpetual continuity

i. Membership is a minimum of two partners

ii. Partners have unlimited liability, incase of a limited partnership one partner must have unlimited liability

iii. Managed by partners themselves

iv. Regulated by partnership deed, Act / agreement

v. Has a maximum of 20 partners or 50 [professional partnerships]

vi. Raises capital through partners contribution

vii. Death, insanity or bankruptcy of partners may lead to dissolution.

Describe five common channels of distribution for locally manufactured goods. [10mks]

Producer consumer

Producer retailerconsumer

Producer wholsalerretailerconsumer

Producer wholsalerconsumer

produceragentwholesalerretailerconsumer

The following balances were extracted from the books of Mageta traders on 31^st Jan 2015.

(Shs)

Land 82 000

Furniture 61 500

Debtors 17 700

Bank 91 000

Stock 18 600

Cash 10 800

10 yrs Bank loan 165 000

Creditors 34 100

Required: [10mks]

Determine the business capital
Prepare a Mageta Traders balance sheet as at 31^st Jan 2015.

CAPITAL = ASSETS – LIABILITIES √ ¼

Total assets = shs. 82000+61500+17700+91000+18600+10800 √ ¼

Total liabilities = shs. 165000+34100 √ ½

Capital = shs. 281600 – 199100 = 82500 √ ¼ [4 x ¼ = 1mk

MAGETA TRADERS

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 31^ST JANUARY 2015

KSHS.

Land 82 500 √

Furniture 61 500 √

Stock 18 600 √

Debtors 17 700 √

Bank 91 000 √

Cash 10 800 √

281 600

KSHS.

Capital 82 500 √

10 year Bank loan 165 000 √

Creditors 34 100 √

281 600

9×1 = 9 mks

Highlight five factors that may promote entrepreneurship in Kenyan. [10mks]
Government policies e.g low taxes which encourage the emergence and expansion of businesses
Training where the trainees are equipped with skills to start and run a business.

Presence of role models who act as an eye opener to the potential entrprenuers

Availability of capital for starting and running a business
Political stability that creates a suitable environment for a business.
Healthy competition that business owners can withstand.

High technology that leads to production of high quality and quantity of goods and services.
Availability of markets where the entrepreneurs can sell goods and services.

Explain five ways in which a warehouse may promote trade. [10mks]
Promote mass production since there’s a space for storage of raw materials and finished goods.
Stabilize prices by ensuring continuous supply of goods.

It enables preparation of goods through branding ,packing, sorting e.t.c

Creates time utility by ensuring that consumers Get goods when required.
Enables traders look for market while still in the warehouse.
Ensures security for goods since they are protected from theft.
Explain five problems that may be faced when measuring national income using the output approach. [10mks]
Inaccurate data: difficulties may be experienced due to poor record keeping.
Dertemination of goods and services to be included since some output may be as a result of illegal activities.

Price fluctuations since prices may vary from time to time.

Double counting where it may be difficult to differentiate intermediate and final output
Lack of qualified personnel to be used to collect and compile data.
Outline five differences between open office layouts and enclosed office layouts. [10mks]

Open office

Enclosed office

i. All staff work in one large room

ii. Cheap to construct

iii. Discourages absenteeism

iv. Easy location of staff

v. Promote sharing of machine

vi. Senior sit together with juniors hence no status conferred

i. Each staff is allocated a room from where they work

ii. Costly to construct

iii. Encourages absenteeism

iv. Hard to locate staff

v. Discourages sharing of machines

vi. Confer status of top level staff as they are allocated own offices

Explain five reasons for consumer protection. [10mks]
Unfair pricing by traders who may overcharge the consumers
Low quality goods that do not meet set standards

Protection from unsafe structures that endanger consumers life

Harmful products that are unfit for use by consumers
Underweight goods where the traders sell goods below the right weight.

Outline four circumstances under which a trader may offer after sales service to the buyer. [10mks]
Where goods sold are of technical nature requiring demonstration on use.
Where expertise is required in installation and the trader has technical knowledge

Where the product is new in the market and the trader requires feedback on products performance

Where competition is stiff hence the trader uses after sale services to win more customers.
When providing personalized services requiring direct contact customers.
The following information was extracted from books of Mamboleo Traders in the month of September, 2014.

September 1 Had cash in hand shs. 15 500 and a bank overdraft of shs. 9 700.

September 3 Bought goods for sale shs. 12 300

September 5 Sold goods in cash shs. 8 500

September 9 Sold goods on credit shs. 10 000

September 12 Receive a cheque of shs. 9 000

September 15 Paid a creditor shs. 10 000

September 17 Paid wages shs. 2 600 in cash

September 19 Received a cheque shs. 23 400 from Samson for goods sold in January

September 23 Withdrew shs. 7 700 from the bank for office use.

September 24 Paid electricity bills by cheque of shs. 1 200

September 25 Received a cheque of shs. 11 500

September 26 Made cash sales of shs. 12 800

September 27 Purchased goods worth shs. 8 950 in cash

September 28 Paid water bills by cheque shs. 2 800

Required: Prepare a two column cash book. [10mks]

MAMBO LEO TRADERS

TWO COLUMN CASH BOOK

FOR THE MONTH OF SEPT. 2014 √

Date	Details	Folio	Cash	Bank	Date	Details	Folio	Cash	Bank
2014 SEPT					2014 SEPT
1 √	Bal √	b/d	15 500 √		1 √	Bal √	b/d		97 00√
5 √	Sales √		8 500 √		3 √	Purchases √		12300 √
12√	Debtors √			9000 √	15 √	Creditors √		10 000 √
19 √	Samson √			23400 √	17√	Wages √		2600 √
23 √	Bank √	c	7700 √		23 √	Cash √	c		7700 √
					24	electricity			1200
					27√	Purchases √		8950√
25√	Debtor √			11500√	28 √	Water bill√			2800√
26 √	Sales √		12800√
					30^th √	Bal √	c/d	10650 √	22500 √
			44500	43900				44500	43900

NB: 50 ticks x ¹/₅= 10 mks

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

NAME..……………………………………ADM No.…….. …………….

CLASS……………………………………….SIGN………………………..

565 /1

BUSINESS

FORM THREE

END TERM THREE

Time: 2 Hours

JOINT EVALUATION EXAMS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name and admission No. in the spaces provided above.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Marks

Question		13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25
Marks

1 a) Outline four reasons why organizations need to safe keep documents in files (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

Give the four components of business studies (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

List four reasons why a business may fail (4mks)

4.Use the table below to outline four differences between basic wants and secondary wants

(4mks)

Basic wants	Secondary wants

Identifyfour activities in the extractive level of production (4mks)

Outline four ways in which partners may be classified (4mks)

Highlight four characteristics of mail order store (4mks)

Outline the meaning of the following terms as used in accounting (4mks)

i)Networth of a business

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)Business transaction

iii) Cash transaction ……………………………………………………………………………………..

vi)Credit transaction

State four main factors that may limit the level of a country’s national income. (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Identify four ways in which a business may be of benefit to people in the surrounding area (4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

for each of the transaction shown in the table below, state the balance sheet items affected by each transaction and the manner in which it is affected using (+) for increase and (-) for decrease. (4mks)

Transaction	Balance sheet item(s) increased	Items affected items decreased
a)Start of a business with Ksh.80,000 cash
b)Borrowing of Sh. 30,000 from a bank for business use
c)Banking of business profit of Ksh 12,000 into the business account
d)Sale of part of business premise for cash Sh.25,000.

State four ways of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of human porterage (4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………

The following information relates to Makuyu Traders. Determine the missing figures. (4mks)

	Assets	Liabilities	Capital
a)	50000	70000	A
b)	320000	B	280000
c)	C	14360	12000
d)	67,000	D	27,705

14.Post the following transactions in the ledger books of Embakasi traders (4mks)

March 1/2013 commenced business with sh. 150,000 cash at bank

March 5/2013 bought machinery in credit for sh. 9500

Give four reasons that make insurance companies decline to insure acts of nature (4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name 4 sources of business ideas. (4mks)

State 4 office etiquette of a business person. (4mks)

Mention four main types of demand. (4mks)

19.State four principle of cooperatives. (4mks)

Name 4 methods of government involvement in business (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..;…………………………………………………………

List four types of unemployment. (4mks)

Name 4 barriers of effective communication. (4mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name 4 types of life assurance contracts (4mks)

24.Outline 4 benefits of a bonded warehouse to the importer. (4mks)

Give 4 characteristics of oligopoly market structure. (4mks)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

JOINT EXAMINATION

FORM THREE TERM3 BUSINESS STUDIES PP1

MARKING SCHEME

1 a) Outline four reasons why organizations need to safe keep documents in files (4mks)

-not to fall in unauthorized hands

-protect from damage

-not to get lost

-keep thieves at bay

-avoid misplacement

2.Give the four components of business studies (4mks)

-Economics

-commerce

-office practice

-accounting

-entrepreneurship

3.List four reasons a business may fail

i) Lack of capital
ii) unfair/stiff competition

iii) Poor pricing

iv)Political instability

v) Lack of planning

4.Use the table below to outline four differences between basic wants and secondary wants

(4mks)

Basic wants	Secondary wants
Requirements for life	One can do without them
Necessary for survival	Make life comfortable
Cannot be postponed	Can wait for later use
Appear first in scale of preference	Are last in scale of preference
Are felt needs	Aren’t felt

5.Identify four activities in the extractive level of production (4mks)

-farming

-fishing

-mining

-timbering (lumbering)

-Hunting

6.Outline four ways in which partners may be classified (4mks)

-role played by partners

-liabilities of the partners for business debt

-ages of parties

-capital contribution

7.Highlight four characteristics of mail order store (4mks)

-goods are sold through the post office

-have large warehouses

-don’t deal with perishable goods

-customers don’t visit selling premises

-there is heavy advertisement

-goods are dispatched through CWO basis or COD basis

8.Outline the meaning of the following terms as used in accounting (4mks)

i)Network of a business –it is simply the difference between total assets and total liabilities also referredtoo as capital which comprises of owners contribution plus profits less drawings

ii)Business transaction–any dealing between two or more people (parties) that can be assigned a monetary value

iii)Cash transactionwhere both parties of an exchange are executed immediately

vi)Credit transactionwhere goods or services are sold or bought and payment is made at a later date

9.State four main factors that may limit the level of a country’s national income. (4mks)

-poor entrepreneurial culture in the country

-low level of technology

-negative altitudes towards work by citizens

-lack of adequate resources

-political instability

-lack of co-operant factors of production

10.Identify four ways in which a business may be of benefit to people in the surrounding area (4mks)

-job opportunities

-goods and services to satisfy their needs

-increase in economic activities

-outlet for the producers to sell their products

-People become sensitive to the needs of their environment

-Improves life of people living standards

11.a) Assistcash increased(cash)

Capital increased (capital)

b) Assist increased (Bank)

Liabilitiesincreased (creditors)

c) Assit increased (Bank)

Capital increased (Capital)

d) Assist decreased (promises)

Asset increased (cash)

12.State four ways of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of human porterage

-shortening distance travelled

-creation of pathways

-Lighten the load

-Feeding porters properly

-Better pay

-Security pathways

-lightening pathways

-coach them

-on ettiquaette

13.The following information relates to Makuyu Traders. Determine the missing figures. (3mks)

	Assets	Liabilities	Capital
a)	50000	70000	A
b)	320000	B	280000
c)	C	14360	12000
d)	67,000	D	27,705

A)Assets – liabilities 50,000-70,000= – 20,000

B)Assets – capital = 320,000-280,000 = 40,000

C)capital +liabilities = 14360 + 12000 = 26360

D) 4295

14.Post the following transactions in the ledger books of Embakasi traders (4mks)

March 1/2013 commenced business with sh. 150,000 cash at bank

March 5/2013 bought machinery in credit for sh. 9500

Dr Capital A/c Cr

March 2013

1 bank 150,000

Dr BankA/c Cr

March 1

Capital 150,000

Dr Machinery A/c Cr

March 5 creditor 9500

Dr CreditorsA/c Cr

2013 march

machinery 9500

15.Give four reasons that make insurance companies decline to insure acts of nature (4mks)

–loss may affect many people at ago

-loss is unpredictable

-people not willing to form pool

-not easy to determine premium

-value of loss may be undeterminable

16.Name 4 sources of business ideas. (4mks)

Newspapers
Shows & exhibitions
Magazines articles
Waste products

17.State 4 office etiquette of a business person. (4mks)

Respect
Punctuality
Loyalty
Honesty

18.mention four main types of demand. (4mks)

Joint demand
Competitive demand
Derived demand
Composite demand

19.State 4 principles of cooperatives. (4mks)

Voluntary & open membership
Democratic Administration
Limited interest on share capital
Promotion of education to member

20.Name 4 methods of government involvement in business (4mks)

Regulation
Training
Trade promotion
Provision of public utilities

21.list four types of unemployment in an economy. (4mks)

Cyclical unemployment
Frictional unemployment
Seasonal unemployment
Structural unemployment
Involuntary unemployment

22.Name 4 barriers of effective communication. (4mks)

Language barrier
Poor listening
Negative attitude
Poor timing

23.Name 4 types of life assurance contracts (4mks)

Term insurance
Whole life assurance
Endowment
Annuities

outline four benefits of a bonded warehouse to the imports. (4mks)

Goods can be prepared for sale
Security is provided while goods are on bond
Give importers time to arrange for payment of duty
Goods can be sold before payment of duty
Importer can look for market of products

Give 4 characteristics of oligopoly market structure. (4mks)

A few large firms
Presence of price wars
High interdependence of firms
Kinked demand curve
Formation of cartels

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NAME ………………………………………………………………………..ADM. NO……………CLASS………..

101/3

ENGLISH

PAPER 3

FORM THREE

JULY 2023

2 HOURS 30MIN

MOCKS 1 2023

(Creative Composition and Essays Based on Set Texts)

Instructions to candidates

(a) Write your name and admission number

(b) Answer three questions only

(d) In question 3 choose only one of the optional set texts you have prepared for.

(e) Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words.

1 Either

Write a composition ending with the following words;

(a) ………I regret failing to read between the lines.

(b) An essay proposing to the government ways indiscipline

in schools can be dealt with effectively.

The compulsory Set Text

Henry OleKulet; Blossoms of the Savannah

“Success or failure is in the mind,” using illustrations from

Blossoms of the Savannah, write an essay to illustrate the truthfulness

of the statement above.

Optional Set Texts

Answer any one of the following two questions.

Either

(a) The Short Stories

Godwin Shiundu, A silent Song and other stories

Actions speak louder than words. Discuss the truth of this

saying using illustrations from Leonard Kaberia’s A Silent Song.

(b) The Play

David Mulwa; Inheritance

A nation without good leadership is deemed to fail. Drawing your illustrations

from ‘inheritance’ discuss the above statement.

NAME: …………………………………………………………. INDEX NO.: …………………

CLASS: ……………………………………………………………………….. DATE: ……………………………

CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ……………………………

MOCKS 1 2023

101/1

JULY 2023

ENGLISH (Functional Writing, Cloze Test, Oral Skills)

Paper 1

2 Hours

ENGLISH (Functional Writing, Cloze Test, Oral Skills)

Paper 1

2 Hours

For Examiner’s Use Only

NO.	QUESTIONS	TOTAL	CANDIDATES
		SCORE	SCORE
1.	FUNCTIONAL WRITING	20

2.	CLOZE TEST	10

3.	ORAL SKILLS	30

	TOTAL	60

FUNCTIONAL WRITING

You have returned to school after the mid-term break and realized that you left one of the set books back home. Write to your parent back home asking him or her to bring you the book during the Peace Prayer Day to be held in your school. Remember to tell them about your back to school, performance in the examinations you have done and your target grade at K.C.S.E.

(20 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

CLOZE TEST

Fill in each blank space in the following passage with the most appropriate word.

(10 marks)

Most African tribes have a communal (a)…………………………………………

to life. A person is an individual only to the extent that he or she is a

(b)…………………….…………of a clan, a community or a family. Land was never

owned by an individual, but by the people, and (c) ……………………..…………………

not be disposed of by anybody. (d)……………………………. there were traditional

heads, they held land in (e)………………………………….. for the community

generally. Food grown on the land was regarded as food to feed the hungry among the tribe. (f)……………………………………. each family might have its own piece of land

on which to cultivate, when there was famine or when you simply wanted to eat, you merely looked for food and ate it. There was no (g) ………………….. on your mind as to who owned it. In many parts of Africa it was thought quite natural for travelers to walk

(h)…………………………… the nearest garden, and pick some bananas or maize and

eat. Nobody would interfere with them (i)……………..…………………….. they went in

and started taking loads of food away. Then they were, of course,

(j)………………………………. the laws of hospitality and generosity, and exploiting

the clan through whose land they were passing.

(Adapted from Freedom and After; Tom Mboya; London; Andre deutsch; 1963)

ORAL SKILLS

Read the narrative below then answer the questions that follow.

In the beginning, the sun married the moon. They travelled together for a long time, the sun leading and the moon following. As they travelled, the moon would get tired, and the sun would carry her for three days every month.

One day the moon annoyed the sun and she was beaten by the sun, just the same way some women are beaten by their husbands. But it happened that the moon was one of those short-tempered women who fight their husbands. When she was beaten, she fought back and wounded the sun’s forehead. The sun also beat the moon, scratched her face and plucked out one of her eyes.

When the sun realized that he was wounded, he was very embarrassed and said to himself “I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able to look at me”. And so he shone so hard that people could not look at him without squinting. That is why the sun shines so brightly.

As for the moon, she did not feel any embarrassment and so she did not have to shine any brighter. And up to now, if you look closely at the moon, you will see the wounds that the sun inflicted on her.

Questions

Mention any two ways by which you would prepare your audience to receive this story (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

How would you say the line: “I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able

to look at me” to bring out complete effect? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..…

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Imagine you are the story-teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this story.

What story telling devices would you employ and why? (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv) While telling the story, you realized that a section of the audience was passive. What was

the likely cause for this? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Provide another word that has the same pronunciation as each of the following words

		(3 marks)
i)	wrapped	………………………….
ii)	lichen	………………………….
iii)	room	………………………….

State whether you voice will rise or fall at the end of each of the sentences below (3 marks)

Fire! Fire! ……………………………………..

Did carry your set book to class? ………………………….

I was never visited by parents. ………………………………

d) Explain what you would do if you were, without prior notice, asked to pass a vote of

thanks during your school’s Prize-Giving Day. (4 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

You have attended a one-day seminar. The person sitting next to you is intruding into your personal space. What four personal space guidelines could this person have failed to

follow? (4 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) The following is a conversation between two girls. Identify and illustrate any three

shortcomings in the Pet’s listening skills (6 marks)

SHELLIE: (Walking excitedly to her) Good afternoon, Pet.

PET: (Reading a newspaper. Looking up…) Afternoon too Shellie (resumes

reading)

SHELLIE: (Beaming) Yesterday, I watched the students of Mpesa Academy eulogize the late Bob Collymore.

PET: The one that was brought live on TV? I don’t like funerals since I lost my

aunt.

SHELLIE: They were articulate and expressive in their show of emotions…

PET: So that moved you?

SHELLIE: It not only moved me. It made me admire the late Bob.

PET: (Absent- mindedly) Even after being cremated? I would rather burn in hell.

SHELLIE: (Insistent) I think he was a wonderful man; he had time for even little

people.

PET: (Dismissively) So?

SHELLIE: We can learn something from those who depart before us, Pet. It is possible.

PET: (Laughing as she walks away) Ok. Keep learning. I hope you become

	professor.
SHELLIE: Pet, I think something is the matter with you.
PET:	(Waving at her) Bye! See you in school tomorrow.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Name ……………………………………………. Stream……… Index Number………

Candidate’s Signature…………………………… Date ……………………

101/2

ENGLISH

PAPER 2

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar)

JULY 2023

2½ HOURS

MOCKS 1 2023

English Paper 2

Instructions to candidates

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.

Answer ALL the questions in this question paper.

All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

This paper consists of 13 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

For Examiners’ use only

Question	Maximum	Candidate’s
	Score	Score
1	20

2	25

3	20

4	15

Read the passage below then answer the questions that follow:

If one said, “The room had an extremely obnoxious smell.” And another said, “The room had the smell of rotten fish.” Which of the two sentences is appealing? Whereas the first sentence may look superior with the word ‘obnoxious’ making it pronounced, the second one stands out. Why? It is more subtle, graphic and appeals to our senses of sight, smell and even taste. Apart from that it is memorable. This is the residence of imaginative or creative writing.

Writing is arguably the highest in the order of skills in language acquisition. It combines: listening, speaking and reading. When one writes, it is for reading and when one reads they are in a one- on-one conversation with the writer; laughing at the jokes, frowning and being drawn to feel with what the writer is saying. If this is the case then there is need for anybody who wants to write to give it some thought.

Good writing that evokes feelings begins with a mindset that delves beneath the surface of things. Creative writings swim in the undercurrents of human existence seeking to bring to the fore hidden nuances of things and human life. In imaginative writing one explains the universal significance of what they observe. For instance, if the twins born together but raised apart eventually reunite and seek to locate the fact surrounding their parentage, creative writing would focus on the twists not the obvious based on the phenotypically acknowledged attribute that a DNA test would readily confirm. But a captivating writing would be if the test also revealed that the fathers who have raised them are not their biological fathers. This would unearth more than what looks true in the surface.

It is this imagination that rises above the mundane human realities that would form some fodder for thought as one gleans through what has been creatively written. Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives when animals satirized human foibles. Again, these were not stories for stories’ sake but ones with didactic values; a take-home that would make the human world a better place.

The significance of expressive language cannot be gainsaid in writing. Even scientific reading would be made more accessible and enjoyable if they employed not the jargons that exist in their registers but in how the scientific writers would manipulate language in such a way that would draw attention to itself. Deliberate diction and syntax would create a definite pattern in such writing so as to communicate the complex scientific terminologies with a light timbre of humour.

It is the writer’s thinking captured in images using words and phrases with an obvious appeal and impact on the senses of taste, touch, hearing, smell and sight that would engrain what is read into the hearts and minds of the readers. It is the sensory details communicated through words that are impressionistic. And writing is as good as the indelible impression it leaves on the reader’s mind.

Through good creative works, the reader is transported to worlds far and wide, real and imagined while unveiling the new insights that traversing such worlds bring to human experiences. It is the writer’s conscious effort that concretizes these fictional and real worlds

in any written piece. In such writings, love comes through as a beautiful flower and kindness as the milk of human life.

Sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in words using mental pictures engraved in human senses would make creative writing be in a better stead than an action-pact movie.

(Adapted from a paper presented by Oloo Oliver on Creative Writing to teachers at Star of the Sea; Mombasa County; 2017)

Questions

a) According to paragraph one, what does creative writing entail? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Why is it important for anyone who wants to write to think? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives

when animals satirized human foibles. (Rewrite beginning: Satirizing…) (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) How would creative writing work as a ‘mode of transport’? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Explain why twins are mentioned in this passage. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

In note-form mention any three things one needs to consider in creative writing. (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Why do you think impression is important in creative writing? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) According to the passage, what is the significance of creative writing? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i) Describe how creative writing would outdo movies. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Give the meaning of the following word and expression as used in the passage

Indelible

………………………………………………………………………………………

engraved in human senses.

………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the excerpt below then answer the questions that follow

Nora: (begins to unpack the box, but soon pushes it away from herself) If only I dared go out. If only no one would come. If only I could be sure nothing would happen here in the meantime. Stuff and nonsense! No one will come. Only I mustn’t think about it I will brush my muff. What lovely, lovely gloves! Out of my thoughts, out of my thoughts! One, two, three, four, five, six- (screams) Ah! There is something coming -, (makes a movement towards the door, but stands irresolute) (enter MRS. LINDE from the hall, where she has taken off her cloak and hat)

Nora: Oh, it’s you Christine. There is no one else out there, is there? How good of you to come!

Mrs. Linde: I heard you were up asking for me.

Nora: Yes, I was passing by. As a matter of fact, it is something you could help me with. Let us sit down here on the sofa. Look here. Tomorrow evening there is a fancy-dress ball at the

Stenborgs’, who live above us; and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher girl, and dance the Tarantella that I learned at Capri.

Mrs. Linde: I see; you are going to keep up the character.

Nora: Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—

Mrs. Linde: We will easily put that right. It is only some of the trimming come unsewn here and there. Needle and thread? Now then, that’s all we want.

Nora: It is nice of you.

Mrs. Linde: (sewing) So you are going to be dressed up tomorrow Nora I will tell you what —

I shall come in for a moment and see you in your fine feathers. But I have completely forgotten to thank you for a delightful evening yesterday.

Nora: (gets up, and crosses the stage) Well, I don’t think yesterday was as pleasant as usual. You ought to have come to town a little earlier, Christine. Certainly Torvald does understand how to make a house dainty and attractive.

Mrs. Linde: And so do you, it seems to me; you are not your father’s daughter for nothing. But tell me, is Dr. Rank always as depressed as he was yesterday?

Nora: No; yesterday it was noticeable. I must tell you that he suffers from a dangerous disease. He has consumption of the spine, poor creature. His father was a horrible man who committed all sorts of excesses; and that is why his son was sickly from childhood, do you understand?

Mrs. Linde: (dropping her sewing) But, my dearest Nora, how do you know anything about such things?

Nora: (walking about) Pooh! When you have three children, you get visits now and then from—- from married women, who know something of medical matters, and they talk about one thing and another.

Mrs. Linde: (goes on sewing a short silence) Does Doctor Rank come here everyday?

Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald’s most intimate friend and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family.

Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—- is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn’t he the kind of man that

is very anxious to make himself agreeable?

Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that?

Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn’t the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—?

Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home; so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them.

Questions

a) Why does Nora look disturbed at the beginning of this excerpt?

(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Who brought the box that Nora is unpacking at the beginning of this excerpt why did

Nora want it? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

“Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—–“

i) What does this reveal about the character of Nora? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

From this statement, describe the relationship that exists between Nora and

Torvald.(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Identify and explain a dramatic technique used in this statement (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………

Cite two things that indicate that Nora is lying about Dr. Rank’s sickness in this excerpt.

(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the message in Dr. Rank’s story as narrated by the two women in this excerpt.

(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Apart from repairing the fancy dress, what else does Mrs. Linde repair in this play and

how?(3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) How is morality explored in this excerpt? (3marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Describe Mrs. Linde’s attitude towards Dr. Rank in this excerpt. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i)	Explain Nora’s voice at the end of this excerpt	(2marks)
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
j)	Explain the word ‘dainty’ as used in this excerpt.	(1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the story below then answer the questions that follow

Long time ago, the Hyena and the Rock where bosom friends. Whenever the Hyena was idle with nothing to eat, the Rock provided him with some warmth as he yawned away the day. He could sleep on the Rock, roll over to the other side and when he felt any movement, especially of what was edible, he stood on the Rock with a limp and peered into the horizon for what lady luck might have brought to his door-step.

On a rainy day, the Hyena would bring home huge chunks of carcasses, lay them on the Rock and devour ravenously. When his meal was over, usually after a day or two, he spent the rest of the days uncertain of his next meal, licking the remnants of blood left on the Rock. He licked these for days and the Rock remained silent and obedient.

One day when the Hyena had a meal- a smelly piece of meat he had salvaged from a pride lions in the vast savannah grassland, there was a big fight between the Hyena and the vultures who wanted to have a piece from his hard-earned meal. The Hyena bared his teeth to scare off the reluctant birds but the vultures with their sharp pointed beaks flew away with some pieces of the rotten bones. The struggle left the back of Rock with scratches and bruises.

That evening it rained heavily. The Hyena searched and searched and searched but he did not find a crack or space within the rock in which to hide. When morning came, the Hyena looked feverish as he went atop the Rock to await the warmth from the rising sun. The water from its now wet fur dripped down on the rock and when the sun’s eyes peered from the eastern horizon, the droplets glittered and reflected in the Hyena’s eyes. “Hmmm’ it feels good to be warm. But I’m hungry,” the Hyena said.

In the sweltering afternoon sun, the Hyena moved away to a shade that the canopy of trees had provided. In a short time, deep sleep overcame him. He slept carelessly having had no sleep the previous night. He slept on his belly, his sides and on his back snoring loudly. Suddenly his stomach rumbled like thunder and before he knew it, the contents of his bowels spewed out on the green grass. The smell was awful. He gave the steaming mixture a gleeful look before he pounced on it again. He guessed the future would be stormy without any morsel in sight.

After the long rains came a long dry spell. People waited for the rains. The pregnant clouds had receded and the sky was sapphire blue. The birds moved higher up the mountains. Even the King of the Jungle roamed keenly near the few watering points that still had the precious liquid- water. There was no prey in sight The Hyena lurked lazily behind prides waiting to scavenge.

After several days, weeks and months the Hyena approached the Rock again. He looked him more keenly this time. He prayed that God would grant the desires of his heart. “What a lovely back, the Rock has!” he thought, “he could make a meal in this adversity.” He moved closer and now the rock resembled a Hippo. As he went closer and closer, the Rock now changed to look like a sleepy antelope.

“Rock, you know I’m hungry yet you lie here like a meal,” the Hyena said. The Rock was quiet. “I will eat you one day. I will plunge my teeth into your neck and belly then you will be my meal.” But the Rock was still silent. “And you will make my meal for days. I will eat you in bits.” Again the Rock was dumb. The Hyena walked away singing happily:

A meal, meals you people

Let the hungry cry

And the weak die

But the lame will eat, eat and eat.

When the Hyena looked back, the back of the Rock looked yummy. He said, “God this one I have found out of my hand work. But you can still go ahead and find me another one.” Then to the Rock he said, “Even though you are quiet, you have heard.”

Two days later, the Hyena became the vultures’ sumptuous meal on the rock.

(Taken from Oloo Oliver’s Collection for Oral Narratives; 2019; Unpublished)

Questions

What in the story suggests that the relationship between Hyena and Rock was lopsided? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain what the phrase “rainy day’ in paragraph two of the story reveals about the

Hyena’s life? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

How does the saying: “When two bulls fight it is the grass that suffers,” apply in this

story? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Cite two evidences from the story that indicate that Rock shielded Hyena from crisis. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Comment on any two features of oral narratives in this story (4marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) What two functions does Hyena’s song serve in this story? (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Explain what this story teaches us about human relationships. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Identify any two values that can be derived from this story. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

i)	What two instances show Hyena’s greed in this story?	(2marks)
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
	………………………………………………………………………………………………
j)	Explain what led to the death of the Hyena in the story?	(2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Grammar

Rewrite the following sentence according the instructions give after each. Do not

change the meaning. (5marks)

Zena studied her opponent’s face because she wanted to win contest. (Rewrite beginning with a present participle)

………………………………………………………………………………………

They were unaware that the thieves had dug a whole behind their house. (Begin:

Little…)

………………………………………………………………………………………

The teacher asked us to write down the notes and show him at the end of the lesson. (Rewrite in direct speech)

………………………………………………………………………………………

The bachelor prepared his own supper. (Rewrite to remove gender bias)

………………………………………………………………………………………

You can serve me now. (Add a question tag)

………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Replace the underlined words with appropriate phrasal verbs. (3marks)

The thug could not escape from the hands of the police-officers.

………………………………………………………………………………………

I will visit you next week.

………………………………………………………………………………………

My parents provide my basic needs at school.

………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. (3marks)

Our principal is revered for her…………………………. character. (conscience)

The newspaper has a …………………………of over a million readers. (read)

That club does not entertain those who are …………………………. in environmental conservation. (interest)

d) The following sentences contain errors. Rewrite them correctly (2marks)

We are discussing about how to improve in English.

………………………………………………………………………………………

They say he does not reply messages sent to him.

………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Use complex prepositions to complete the sentences below. (2marks)

Rana visited the yard ……………………………….. buying a brand new car.

………………………. lethargy, most students do not like reading set books.

PAPER 3 ENGLISH MARKING GUIDE

MOCKS 1 2023

1(a)- Must be a story

– should bring out a lie he/she did not detect earlier.

– should include the reaction or effects of the revelation.

(b) The candidate should demonstrate clear knowledge of, and

suggest practical and effective ways of dealing with indiscipline in schools.

(a) Blossoms of the Savannah

“Failure or success is in the mind.”

– The candidate should highlight both failure and success as occasioned by

different characters in the text.

– There should be a clear connection between the inaction or action that brings

about the failure or success. Consider the following suggestions;

Introduction

Our actions or inactions have direct contribution to what we become. Ordinarily, we would

say, we can choose to succeed or fail, depending on the working of our mind.

Blossoms of the Savannah has characters who failed or succeeded because of what was

in their mind as shown below.

Body

Resian’s determination leads to her going to university
Resian successfully resists Olarinkoi. She had previously told him that he

may succeed in circumcising her on the body, but in her mind, she would remain

uncircumcised.

Resian fights monoeyed woman in a dream, and wins.
Taiyo, not so aggressive in her resistance to FGM, becomes a victim.
Taiyo is tolerant to the Nasila culture, especially in traditional dances,

she becomes a victim of those very culture.

Mama Milanoi’s failure to defend and protect her daughters leads to her

losing both of them. She fails as a mother.

MinikEneNkoito has a determination to succeed. Despite working in

a very hostile environment, she succeeds to rescue or free more

more than three hundred girls from early marriages and circumcision.

Short story.

Introduction

Humanity is premised on love for one another. When we fail to show love

and compassion to the less privileged in society, we act more or less like

beasts. On the other hand building a united caring society needs

our deliberate, conscious efforts to reach out to those in need.

Body

– Ezekiel fails to provide proper habitation for his own brother. He is sick

and lives in a flea infested hut. The pavement in town may have been better.

– Though the brother is a preacher, and we expect better from him, he

fails to take Mbane to hospital for treatment. His wife, however,tries by giving

Mbane some medicine.

– The gay pedestrians could pass by talking of bright weather, lovely morning….they

would sing to the blue sky, whistle to the gay morning as their footsteps sang their way

down the pavement and this would taunt him. They offered nothing in spite of his

condition.

-Some gay people, however, would answer to his pleas( give him money)

– Those working around, though seeing , had an indifferent attitude. They were never

touched. Thieves, too, stole from him.

– ” Good men who thronged the brothels were not good enough to him. Moreover, they

cursed.

– Christians who sang praises and hallelujah noticed him but did not care. In fact they

considered him an abled bodied person only crippled more everyday by the idleness of

ofleasurely begging. They failed to show true Christ’s love.

Conclusion

From the above illustrations it’s obvious that omission is a sin just as commission.

We should show love through our actions.

Introduction

Many nations have become failed states due to bad leadership. Before their total failure,

chaotic scenes, loss of life and destruction of property have preceded their fall.

Such is the situation in Kutula Republic as demonstrated below.

Body

Lacuna Kasoo decrees farming policies that cause uprising amongst people,

he sanctions Chipande as the only coffee farmer.

Lacuna hires his cronies, tribesmen and clan members only. This escalates people’s

revolt.

Inefficiency is rampant in government as those employed are not necessarily qualified

for those positions.

Thorn macay runs down Kutula colony through high handedness. People egitate for

freedom as seen through their king, King Kutula XV, ” your people will continue to die.”

5.Leaders look down upon the people, for example, Chipande says of the attendant, “that

how we put them in their place,” meaning social and economic subjugation.

Conclusion.

From the illustrations above, it is clear that poor leadership brings nations down.

MOCKS 1 2023

MARKING SCHEME

FUNCTIONAL WRITING

(20 marks)

Expect an informal letter. If not deduct – 4 AD

– Accept both blocked (strictly) semi – blocked (strictly). If mixed deduct 1 mk.

Tone – formal (This is tied to language mark)

FORMAT

Address 1 – (Don’t award if name is in address

Date – Format Accept only Eg 30^th July, 2019

(if different format deny mark)

Salutation – Accept Dear Mum, Dear Dad ONLY

Closing tag – Your son/daughter/ Yours sincerely

Name (Accept one name or two)

CONTENT

– Greetings/Pleasantries *P (1 mark)

– Mention of having forgotten a set-book and its title *ST (2 mark)

– Asking the parents to bring the book *B (1 mark)

Mentioning the date and time for the Peace Prayer *DT (2 mark)

Mentioning the performance in an exam *PM (1mark)

– Stating the target at KCSE *T (1mark)

LANGUAGE 4 marks

Very good

Good

Fair

Weak

A – 4 (merit ticks)

B – 3

C – 2

D – 1 (Extremely chaotic)

1. CLOZET TEST
Fill in each blank space in the following passage with the most appropriate word.	(10
marks)

Most African tribes have a communal (a) approach to life. A person is an individual only to the extent that he or she is a (b) member of a clan, a community or a family. Land was never owned by an individual, but by the people, and (c) could not be disposed of by anybody.

where there were traditional heads, they held land in ( e) trust for the community generally. Food grown on the land was regarded as food to feed the hungry among the tribe. (f) Although each family might have its own piece of land on which to cultivate, when there was famine or when you simply wanted to eat, you merely looked for food and ate it. There was no (g) question/doubt on your mind as to who owned it. In many parts of Africa it was thought quite natural for travelers to walk (h) into the nearest garden, and pick some bananas or maize and eat. Nobody would interfere with them (i) unless they went in and started taking loads of food away. Then they were, of course, (j) disobeying / contravening the laws of hospitality and generosity, and exploiting the clan through whose land they were passing.

(adapted from Freedom and After; Tom Mboya; London; Andre deutsch; 1963)

ORAL SKILLS

Read the narrative below then answer the questions that follow.

In the beginning, the sun married the moon. They travelled together for a long time,

the sun leading and the moon following. As they travelled, the moon would get tired, and the un would carry her for three days every month.

One day the moon annoyed the sun and she was beaten by the sun, just the same way

some women are beaten by their husbands. But it happened that the moon was one of those short-tempered women who fight their husbands. When she was beaten, she fought back and wounded the sun’s forehead. The sun also beat the moon, scratched her face and plucked out one of her eyes.

Questions

Mention any two ways by which you would prepare your audience to receive this story

marks)

Clear throat

Ring bell

Give relevant proverbs

Tell a joke

Clap hands

Any 2 plausible @ 1 mark = 2 marks NB: Personal involvement

How would you say the line: “ I am going to shine so hard that people will not be able to look at me” to bring out complete effect?

(3 marks)

Verbal – rising intonation (indicating threat)

Non-verbal – Accept any relevant

Gesture

– Facial expression must specify

Body movement

Accept Either

1 verbal

2 non verbal

2 verbal

1 non – verbal

NB: Personal involvement

Imagine you are the story-teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this story. What story telling devices would you employ and why?

(3 marks)

Mimicry

Tonal variation

Facial expression

Gestures & body movement / dramatization

Accept relevant / specific illustration of each

Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks

NB: Personal involvement

While telling the story, you realize that a section of the audience was passive. What was the likely cause for this?

(2 marks)

I was inaudible

I failed to involve /engage them in the story eg through involving them in signing, fillers etc.

I failed to maintain eye contact

Physical factors – Noise, heat

Any other relevant 2 @ 1 mark = 2 marks

b) Provide another word that has the same pronunciation as each of the following words.

i.	Wrapped	rapped
ii.	Lichen	liken
iii.	Room	rheum

c) State whether your voice will rise or fall at the end of each of the sentences below (3 marks)

i.	Fire! Fire!	*Rise*
*ii.*	Did carry your set book to class?	*Rise*
iii.	I was never visited by parents	*Fall*

Explain what you would do if you were, without prior notice, asked to pass a vote of thanks during your school’s Prize-Giving Day.

(4 marks)

Accept the challenge

Psyche myself, adopt, upright posture / confidence

Speak audibly

Recognize those present (hierarchy)

Thank those who have attended / participating

Highlight a few of items captured eg in speech esp guest of honour

Encourage fellow students to work hard

Eye contact

Any other relevant @ 1 mark = 4 marks NB: Personal involvement

You have attended a one-day seminar. The person sitting next to you is intruding into your personal space. What four personal space guidelines could this person have failed to follow?

(4 marks)

She could have been

Seated too close for comfort

Leaning on my shoulder

Looking into my bag, phone / personal items

Chewing to loudly / distracting me NB: Personal involvement

The following is a conversation between two girls. Identify and illustrate any three shortcomings in the Pet’s listening skills.

SHELLIE: (Walking excitedly to her) Good afternoon, Sheillie..

PET: (Reading a newspaper. Looking up…) Afternoon to Pet (resumes reading)

SHELLIE: (Beaming) Yesterday, I watched the students of Mpesa Academy eulogize the late Bob Collymore.

PET: The one that was brought live on TV? I don’t like funerals since I lost my aunt.

SHELLIE: They were articulate and expressive in their show of emotions..

PET: So that moved you?

SHELLIE: It not only moved me. It made me admire the late Bob.

PET: (Absent-mindedly) Even after being cremated? I would rather burn in hell.

SHELLIE: (Insistent) I think he was a wonderful man; he had time for even little people.

PET: (Dismissively) So?

SHELLIE: We can learn something from those who depart before us, Pet. It is possible.

PET: (Launching as she walks away) Ok. Keep learning. I hope you become professor.

SHELLIE: Pet, I think something is the matter with you.

PET: (Waving at her) Bye! See you in school tomorrow.

Pet has

Poor turn taking

She does not pay attention / is absent minded

Makes sarcastic remarks

Pet is impolite / rude Identification – 1 mark Illustration(from the context) – 1 mark

Name ……………………………………………. Stream……… Index Number………

Candidate’s Signature…………………………… Date ……………………

101/2

ENGLISH

PAPER 2

(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar)

2½ HOURS

MOCKS 1 2023

English Paper 2- MARKING SCHEME

Instructions to candidates

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.

Answer ALL the questions in this question paper.

All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

This paper consists of 13 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

For Examiners’ use only

Question	Maximum	Candidate’s
	Score	Score
1	20

2	25

3	20

4	15

Read the passage below then answer the questions that follow:

in any written piece. In such writings, love comes through as a beautiful flower and kindness as the milk of human life.

Sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in words using mental pictures engraved in human senses would make creative writing be in a better stead than an action-pact movie.

(Adapted from a paper presented by Oloo Oliver on Creative Writing to teachers at Star of the Sea; Mombasa County; 2017)

Questions

a) According to paragraph one, what does creative writing entail? (2marks)

Creative writing making expression which are subtle, graphic and appealing to the human senses so as to be memorable

b) Why is it important for anyone who wants to write to think? (2marks)

It is the highest in the order of skills in language acquisition that combines all the other skill; listening, speaking and reading.

c) Scintillating stories have lived with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives

when animals satirized human foibles. (Rewrite beginning: Satirizing…) (1mark)

Satirizing human foible, scintillating have live with humanity from the adorable age of oral narratives.

d) How would creative writing work as a ‘mode of transport’? (2marks)

Through good creative works the reader is transported to worlds far and wide, real and imagined while unveiling the new insights that traversing such worlds bring to human experiences.

e) Explain why twins are mentioned in this passage. (2marks)

To show that good creative writing should focus on twists and turns and not the obvious/ that creative writing goes beneath the surface.

In note-form mention any three things one needs to consider in creative writing. (3marks)

Expressive language

Deliberative diction and syntax.

Thinking in terms of images.to create an indelible impression

g)	Why do you think impression is important in creative writing?	(2marks)
	It engrains what one reads into the heart and mind to leave and indelible impression
h)	According to the passage, what is the significance of creative writing?	(2marks)
	To be able to manipulate language in a manner that draws attention to itself to
	make reading enjoyable.
i)	Describe how creative writing would outdo movies.	(2marks)
		3

By sustained vivid accounts of human experiences captured in word using words engraved in human senses.

Give the meaning of the following word and expression as used in the passage

indelible

inerasable/lasting/unforgettable/memorable/rememberable/ingrained/indestru ctable

engraved in human senses.

Carved/etched/embossed/furrowed/embedded/chiseled/imprinted/lodged

Read the excerpt below then answer the questions that follow

Nora: Oh, it’s you Christine. There is no one else out there, is there? How good of you to come!

Mrs. Linde: I heard you were up asking for me.

Nora: Yes, I was passing by. As a matter of fact, it is something you could help me with. Let us sit down here on the sofa. Look here. Tomorrow evening there is a fancy-dress ball at the

Stenborgs’, who live above us; and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher girl, and dance the Tarantella that I learned at Capri.

Mrs. Linde: I see; you are going to keep up the character.

Nora: Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—

Mrs. Linde: We will easily put that right. It is only some of the trimming come unsewn here and there. Needle and thread? Now then, that’s all we want.

Nora: It is nice of you.

Mrs. Linde: (sewing) So you are going to be dressed up tomorrow Nora I will tell you what —

I shall come in for a moment and see you in your fine feathers. But I have completely forgotten to thank you for a delightful evening yesterday.

Mrs. Linde: And so do you, it seems to me; you are not your father’s daughter for nothing. But tell me, is Dr. Rank always as depressed as he was yesterday?

Mrs. Linde: (dropping her sewing) But, my dearest Nora, how do you know anything about such things?

Mrs. Linde: (goes on sewing a short silence) Does Doctor Rank come here everyday?

Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald’s most intimate friend and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family.

Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—- is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn’t he the kind of man that

is very anxious to make himself agreeable?

Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that?

Questions

a) Why does Nora look disturbed at the beginning of this excerpt? (3marks)

Krogstad had visited her and threatened her with dire legal consequences arising from the discrepancy in the bond she signed when she took a loan of 250pounds to save Torvald. She is also afraid that her much guarded secret might be revealed and this might ruin her relationship with the husband.

b) Who brought the box that Nora is unpacking at the beginning of this excerpt why did

Nora want it? (2marks)

The nurse brought the box. Nora wanted it so that it can be repaired in readiness for the fancy-dress ball coming up at the Stenborgs’.

“Yes, Torvald wants me to. Look, here is the dress; Torvald had it made for me there, but now it is all so torn, and I haven’t any idea—–“

i) What does this reveal about the character of Nora? (2marks)

She is obedient/submissive– wants to go by what Torvald wants.

She is honest/sincere/truthful– admits that she has no idea how to fix the torn fancy dress.

From this statement, describe the relationship that exists between Nora and

Torvald. (2marks)

It is a hypocritical/pretentious. She wants to please Torvald by doing what he wants not because she likes it.

It is also cordial/warm. Torvald had a dress made for Nora.

Identify and explain a dramatic technique used in this statement. (2marks)

Symbolism. The torn fancy dress that needs repair. It symbolizes the pretentious relationship between Nora and Torvald that requires fixing.

Suspense/Ellipsis. Nora doesn’t say the idea she doesn’t have for the dress. This keeps the audience guessing hence heightens the tension in the play. Situational irony. Nora’s dress is new yet it torn and requires repair. It helps heighten the tension in the play.

(1 mark for identification and illustration; 1 mark for explanation)

Cite two things that indicate that Nora is lying about Dr. Rank’s sickness in this excerpt.

(2marks)

When asked by Christine how she gets to know about such details, she becomes restless and walks about

She also hesitates/stammers when she says that she gets visitors who have a medical knowledge.

She gives a flimsy reason– that because she has three children she gets visits from married women who know something about medical matters.

It is evident that her reasons are based on gossip– that the women talk about one thing and another.

(Accept any two well explained)

Explain the message in Dr. Rank’s story as narrated by the two women in this excerpt.

(2marks)

Love/Friendship. Dr. Rank is Torvald’s intimate friend and Nora’s great friend too.

Dr. Rank suffers because of the excesses committed by his father- that if you live immoral life, it will make your children or relatives suffer too.

Apart from repairing the fancy dress, what else does Mrs. Linde repair and how? (3marks)

She goes all out to repair Torvald-Nora relationship/marriage to make it be premised on truth and honesty rather than pretence. She does so by asking Krogstad not to withdraw the bond so that the truth about Nora’s secret can be known to Helmer. She also insists that Nora should let Helmer know about her much guarded secret.

Christine repairs her broken relationship with Nils. She seeks him out, invites him to Helmer’s house, opens up to him and accepts to be the mother to his

	children.
g)	How is morality explored in this excerpt?	(3marks)
	Dr. Rank’s father committed excesses in his youth and as a result his son suffers
	from a disease- the consumption of the spine- that would finally kill him. This is a
	warning to people to live moral lives devoid of excesses.
h)	Describe Mrs. Linde’s attitude towards Dr. Rank in this excerpt.	(2marks)
	She is critical/condemnatory/spiteful/sarcastic of Dr. Rank. She thinks that he is not
	perfectly sincere.
i)	Explain Nora’s voice at the end of this excerpt	(2marks)

Conceited/exultant/boastful/arrogant voice. She talks of how much Torvald possesses her jealously
Ironic voice. That Torvald is absurdly fond her yet there are things she can only

share with Dr. Rank and not Torvald.

j) What does the word ‘dainty’ mean in this excerpt (1mark)

Beautiful/Charming/Exquisite/Lovely/Neat/Elegant.

Read the story below then answer the questions that follow

A meal, meals you people

Let the hungry cry

And the weak die

But the lame will eat, eat and eat.

Two days later, the Hyena became the vultures’ sumptuous meal on the rock.

(Taken from Oloo Oliver’s Collection for Oral Narratives; 2019; Unpublished)

Questions

What in the story suggests that the relationship between Hyena and Rock was lopsided? (1mark)

It is always the Hyena that benefited from the rock.

Explain what the phrase “rainy day’ in paragraph two of the story reveals about the

Hyena’s life? (2marks)

The Hyena’s life depended on opportunities/chances that he did not work for/ the Hyena never worked for his own.

How does the saying: “When two bulls fight it is the grass that suffers,” apply in this

story? (2marks)

The fight between the Hyena and the vultures over a smelly piece of meat, the back of the rock is left in scatches.

Cite two evidences from the story that indicate that Rock shielded Hyena from crisis. (2marks)

The Hyena searches for a long time on the rock for a crack to hide in when it rains.

When the Hyena is feverish after a heavy downpour he goes atop the rock to await the warm from the rising sun.

When he is hungry with nothing to eat, he wants to eat the rock. (Expect any 2)

Comment on any two features of oral narratives in this story

(4marks)

Opening formula eg. “Long time ago..” Transports the listener to the world of fantansy where the events of the story are plausible.

Repetition eg. “..searched and searched and searched.” Creates rhythm/shows the Hyena’s desperation.

Personification/Use of Dialogue eg. Hyena tells the rock that he would it it one ady but the rock remains silent. This makes the sory real and dramatic.

Use of song eg. The Hyena sings with joy at the sight of the rock after staying for long without a meal. It develops plot/ breaks the monotony of narration.
There is a moral lesson eg. Greed is bad.

(Expect any two. No mark for identification without illustration.)

What two functions does Hyena’s song serve in this story? (2marks)

It breaks the monotony of narration.

It develops the plot- prepares us for the encounter with the rock.

g) Explain what this story teaches us about human relationships. (3 marks

Human relationships are characterized by betrayals eg. The Hyena turns on the Rock when hungry in spite of the rock’s hospitality.

h) Identify any two values that can be derived from this story. (2marks)

Patience- Rock remained patient/calm despite the suffering he undergoes because of

the Hyena.

Love- the Rock remained a true friend to the Hyena even in times of crises.

i) What two things show Hyena’s greed in this story? (2marks)

He gives his own smelly vomit a gleeful look then pounces on it.

He imagines that the rock is now an antelope or hippo and wants to eat it.

j) What do you think led to the death of the Hyena in the story? (2marks)

Hunger

He might have attempted to eat the rock and this left him seriously injured.

Grammar

Rewrite the following sentence according the instructions give after each. Do not

change the meaning. (5marks)

Zena studied her opponent’s face because she wanted to win contest. (Rewrite beginning with a present participle)

Wanting to win the contest, Zena studied the opponent’s face.

They were unaware that the thieves had dug a hole behind their house. (Begin:

Little…)

Little did they know that the thieves had dug a hole behind their house.

The teacher asked us to write down the notes and show him at the end of the lesson. (Rewrite in direct speech)

The teachers asked us, “Write down the notes and show me at the end of the lesson.”

“Write down the notes and show me at the end of the lesson,” the teacher told us.

“Write down the notes,” the teacher told us, “and show me at the end of the lesson.”

The bachelor prepared his own supper. (Rewrite to remove gender bias)

The unmarried prepared their own supper/The single prepared their own supper.

You can serve me now. (Add a question tag)

You can serve me now, will you?

b) Replace the underlined words with appropriate phrasal verbs. (3marks)

The thug could not escape from the hands of the police-officers. break away
I will visit you next week. call on

My parents provide my basic needs at school.

cater for

c) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.

(3marks)

Our principal is revered for her conscientious (conscience)

The newspaper has a readership of over a million readers. (read)

That club does not entertain those who are disinterested in environmental conservation. (interest)

d) The following sentences contain errors. Rewrite them correctly (2marks)

We are discussing how to improve in English.

They say he does not reply to messages sent to him.

e) Use complex prepositions to complete the sentences below. (2marks)

Rana visited the yard with a view to buying a brand new car.

Due to lethargy, most students do not like reading set books.

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DESK TOP PUBLISHERS, DTP, TEACHER NOTES FREE NEW

October 5, 2025 Maverick John Leave a comment

Terminologies used in DTP.

Ranner – the main headline across the top of the page.
Cross head – a small heading used to break up text into easily readable sections.
Bullet – solid dot printed before pieces of text in order to add an emphasis.
Cast off – a calculation as to how much space the text will use on a page.
Footer – a line of text at the bottom of each page giving the publications title, author’s name, etc.
Masthead – details of the person involved in printing the publication.
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) – this means that, the presentation on the screen is exactly what you will get from the Printer.
Jigging – moving text around by means of DTP software.

Setting up a publication using master pages.

Every publication has 1 or 2 blank Master pages identified by letter ‘L’ for left and ‘R’ for right. Letters L & R mark the master page icon for facing pages, while R alone marks a single-sided publication.

These icons appear at the lower left corner of a publication window.

To switch to master pages, click the master page icon, then:

Place non-printing ruler guides on the master pages.

Non-printing ruler guides are vertical or horizontal lines you place on the printable area. They assist you to place text & graphics accurately & consistently throughout the publication.

To place ruler guides; point to the ruler, then drag the guide to the required position.

Create basic design elements on the master pages, including the text & graphics that you want to appear on each page in your publication.

Creating a new master page based on a publication page.

Switch to the publication page on which you want to base the new master.
Click on Window, then choose Show Master Pages.
From the Master Pages palette menu, choose Save Page As.
Type a name, then click Save.

Objects and guides applied to the selected publication page are copied to the new master. The new master page then becomes active and its name appears on the Master Pages palette.

To open the Master Pages palette menu, click the right-facing arrow at the right corner of the palette.

To turn to the master applied to the current publication page, click the name of the master page.

Displaying master pages and master page items.

Method 1:

Right-click the master page icon at the bottom of the publication window to display the list of masters, then select the master you want to view.

Method 2:

Click on Layout, choose Go to Page, and then select the name of the master you want.

Adding, or modifying guides & objects on a master page.

You can add or manipulate text and graphics, and change guides or rulers on a master page. When you modify a master page, the changes appear instantly on associated publication pages.

To modify or rename a master page:

Display the master page you want to add or modify text, graphics, or nonprinting guides.

To change the master’s name, page margins, or column guides;

Press CTRL and double-click the name of the master page you want to modify or edit.
Type the new name, and the new values you want for margins or columns.
If you want the objects and guides (i.e., margins and columns) on the associated pages to be repositioned or resized as appropriately as those of the master you are editing, select Adjust Layout.

Click OK.

Deleting a master page and all the objects on it.

Click on Window, then choose Show Master Pages.
Select the master page to delete, then click the trash button on the bottom of the palette.
When prompted, click OK.

Setting up margin guides

Margin guides are very important because; they define the printable area of your publication.

To change margin settings;

Click on File, then choose Document Setup.

For a double-sided document (i.e., a document that will be printed on both sides), enter the values for inside & outside margins to accommodate binding. For single-sided pages, set the Left & Right
Enter the values for the Top & Bottom

Click OK.

Displaying and hiding rulers

To display the rulers, click on View, then select Show rulers. To hide the rulers, click on View, then select Hide rulers

Setting measurement units of a ruler

You can set the measurement units on both the vertical and horizontal ruler.

Right-click each ruler separately, to display a list of the available measurement systems.
Select the measurement unit you want to use, e.g., millimeters, inches, etc

SAVING THE LAYOUT OF YOUR PUBLICATION

Once you set up your publication layout, it is important to save it before you start entering text and graphics.

To save a publication for the first time.

Click on File, then choose Save or Save As (or press CTRL+’S’).
In the Save Publication dialog box, type a name for the publication, then select a drive or folder in which to store the publication.
Click Save.

After you name and save a publication once, the Save and Save As commands function differently:

To save changes made to a publication.

Click on File, then choose Save (or click the Save button on the toolbar).

This saves the changes made to your publication with the same filename.

Using the ‘Save As…’ command.

Save As can be used if you want to:

Name and save a new publication.
Save a publication on a different disk drive or in a different folder.
Make a copy of an existing publication with a new name, leaving the original publication unchanged.

To save a publication with a new name or in a different location.

Click on File, then select Save As.
In the Save Publication dialog box, select the new location you want to save your publication in and/or type a new name.
Under Copy, select an option.
- No additional files – saves the current publication only.
- Files required for remote printing – copies all the files needed to print the publication to one location.
Click Save.

Reverting to the Last Saved version.

Sometimes, you may make changes to a document that make the document more confusing. To abandon all the changes and restore the most recently saved version of your publication;

Click on File, then select Revert.
In the prompt that appears, click OK.

This deletes all changes made since the last time you saved the publication.

Closing a publication.

This closes the active publication and returns to the PageMaker window.

Click on File, then choose Close.

If you have made any changes since you last saved the publication, PageMaker asks if you want to save those changes. You can save the changes, or ignore them.

Opening an existing publication.

Click on File, select Open (or press CTRL+’O’).
In the Open Publication dialog box, select the drive or folder that contains the document.
Select the filename of the publication you want to open.
Choose whether to open it as Original or a Copy, then click Open.

To quickly open a recently saved publication.

PageMaker keeps track of the last eight publications you opened and saved.

Click on File menu, then choose Recent Publications.
Select the publication you want to open from the Recent Publications

Review Questions.

Identify four common features in word processing and desktop publishing software.
Differentiate between the Pasteboard and Printable page.
(a). What are Master pages?

(b). Why are master pages important in a publication?

What commands are used in place of portrait and landscape page orientation in PageMaker?
Explain the importance of the following tools on the PageMaker’s toolbox.

Pointer tool
Text tool
Rotate tool
Line tool
Hand tool
Zoom tool

WORKING WITH TEXT

Adding text to a PageMaker publication.

Text can be entered into a PageMaker publication in 2 main ways:

Typing the text directly into a page.
Importing the text from another program.

Method 1: Typing text directly into the page.

Click the Text tool (T) from the toolbox. The pointer turns into an I-beam (insertion point).
Click at the point where you want to insert text on the page, then type the text.

–Or–

Drag a rectangular area to define a text block or text frame, then type the text.

A text frame defines the space you want the text to occupy. It confines the text to the area you’ve selected.

To display the boundaries of the text block you’ve created, select the Pointer tool and click anywhere in the text.

Method 2: Pasting text from another Window-based program.

Select the text you want to copy, e.g., in Microsoft Word.
Click on Edit, then choose Copy.
Switch to the PageMaker program, e.g., using ALT+TAB.
Click to place the insertion point where the pasted text should start.
Click on Edit menu, then choose Paste.

Changing the view of a Page.

After typing text into a PageMaker publication, you may need to increase or decrease the page view to see either all the text and graphics or to magnify a portion of the page.

Click in the text or select the graphic you want to see clearly so that when you magnify, it comes to the center of the screen

Click on View menu, then choose:

Actual Size – to see text and graphics as they will appear when printed.

Fit in Window – to check the overall composition of a page or a two-page spread.

-Or-

Choose Zoom To, then click the desired view from the list that appears, e.g., 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, etc.

Entire Pasteboard – to view objects on the pasteboard.

Selecting text in a PageMaker publication.

All text in PageMaker is contained either in text blocks or in text frames.

Method 1: Selecting text using the Text tool (T).

When the text is selected using the Text tool, you can type, edit or change the text attributes, e.g., Bold, Underline, etc.

Select the Text tool from the toolbox.
Move the cursor to the beginning of the text to be worked on, then drag the I-beam to select a range of text.

Alternatively;

To select a word, double-click the word.
To select an entire paragraph, triple-click the paragraph.

Choose the desired command to apply to the text.

Method 2: Selecting text using the Pointer tool (ë).

The Pointer tool is used to select a text block. When you click the text using the Pointer tool, a line appears at the top and at the bottom of the text block.

This method is used if you want to:

Move the text block.
Change the size of the text block.
Delete the text block.

Method 3: Using the Select All command.

This selects all the objects and/or text in a text block.

Using the Text tool, click anywhere inside the text block.
On the Edit menu, click Select All (or press CTRL+’A’).

To deselect, click an empty part of the page (or choose Deselect All from the Edit menu).

Selecting objects.

To select a single object, click the object with the Pointer tool to display the object’s border.

To add objects to a selection, hold down SHIFT as you click other objects.

To select several objects at once, drag the pointer tool around multiple objects. Make sure you include each object’s bounding box (as indicated by its selection handles).

To select an object underneath another object on the same layer, press CTRL and click the object you want to select.

Editing a publication.

The term editing means making changes to a publication.

PageMaker has two special editing tools:

The Find and Change tool, and
The Spelling

Therefore editing a publication includes the process of correcting spelling mistakes, and replacing of words.

Note. Before editing the publication, you must open it in the story window.

PageMaker defines each text block as a story. A Story is a collection of text that PageMaker recognizes as a single unit for editing purposes.

A story can be just one letter or several hundred pages of text.

Searching for and replacing words in the publication.

The Find and change tool helps a person to search for specific occurrences of a particular word or a group of words in a publication and replace it with another one.

To find and change a word or a phrase in the publication:

Using the Text tool, click an insertion point in a story, or select a range of text if you want to limit your search to that section.
Click on Edit, then select Edit Story. The publication now opens in the story window showing only the text but not the graphical objects.
Click on Utilities, then select Find or Change. A dialog box is displayed.
In the Find What textbox, type the word you want to find. To change the word, type the new word to replace with in the Change To
Under Search document, select an option to determine the scope of the search, e.g., Current publication or in all open publications. If you search the current publication only, select an option in the Search Story.
Click Find in the dialog box to begin the search. To continue with the search operation, select Find Next.
Once you are through, click on Story, then choose Close Story.

Spell-checking the publication.

Click the I-beam anywhere in the publication or select the range to be spell checked.
Click on Edit, then select Edit Story.
Click on Utilities, then select Spelling. A dialog box is displayed with the following options:

Change To: – displays the word PageMaker does not recognize. Type or select the correct word from the list in the Suggestions

Ignore: –

Replace: – replaces the misspelled word with the one you have typed in the Change To box, or selected in the Suggestions

Add: – opens the Add word to user dictionary dialog box in which you specify the word you want to add to or remove from the dictionary.

Under Search story, specify the scope of the search, e.g., in selected text, in the Current story only, or in All stories in the publication.
Specify spell checking options:

Alternate Spellings – it lets you see suggested replacements for misspelled words.
Show Duplicates – displays repeated words.

Click the Start button to begin spell checking.

Deleting text.

Select the text to be deleted.
On the Edit menu, select Clear (or press the Delete key).

Moving and copying text.

Select the text to be moved or copied.
On the Edit menu, click Cut (or press CTRL+’X’) to move the text to a new location, or click Copy (or press CTRL+’C’) to make a duplicate of the selected text.
Click or select where you want to move or copy the text to.
On the Edit menu, click Paste (or press CTRL+’V’).

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