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Agriculture Form one to four Finest Notes, Revision Questions and Answers

Maverick John

 

 FORM ONE TOPICS.

 

  1. a).  What is Agriculture?

The art and Science of crop and livestock production.

 

       b).  State the roles played by agriculture in national development

 

c).  State the forms of employment in Agriculture

  1. Primary employment

–    Working on farms

  1. Secondary employment

–     In agriculture – based industries

  1. Tertiary employment

 

       d).  i)  Briefly outline the problems that have hindered agricultural development

      in Kenya.

 

  1. ii)  Suggest ways in which these problems can be alleviated

 

  1. a) i)  What are the characteristics of shifting cultivation?

 

  1. ii)  State the problems associated with shifting cultivation.

 

  1. What is pastoralism?

 

  1. State the factors to consider in choosing a type of farm

 

  1. What is arable farming?

 

  1. i) State the limitations of mixed farming

 

  1. ii)  State the limitations of mixed farming

 

  1. i) Give the types of farming practised by small scale farmers

 

  1. Name the types of large scale farming

 

  1. Why does the Kenya government put a lot of emphasis on ranching?

 

  1. State the common features of ranching as a farming system:

 

  1. i)  State the advantages of plantation farming

 

  1. State the disadvantages of plantations.

 

  1. State the major characteristics of plantation farming.

 

  1. a)  List the ecological factors affecting agriculture.

 

  1. Mention the aspects of rainfall which are important in crop production

 

  1. i)  What is optimal temperature?

 

  1. ii) State the effects of temperature on crop production.

 

  1. State the effects of wind to crops.

 

  1. a). i.  Define the term soil.

 

ii).  Name the ways in which soil is important to growing plants.

 

b).  i)  State the factors which influence the soil forming process

 

ii).  What biological agents influence the speed of the soil forming process?

 

  1. i)  Define the term soil Profile

 

  1. ii)  How does soil profile influence plant growth?

 

 

  1. i) List the constituents of a fertile soil

 

  1. ii) What role do micro-organisms play in soil?

 

  1. i) What is soil structure?

 

  1. ii) State the farming practices that improve soil structure.

 

iii) Why is a good soil structure desireable for growing crops.

 

  1. i) What is soil texture?

 

  1. State the properties of soil that are influenced by its texture.

 

  1. Give the types of soil based on texture.

 

  1. a) State the advantages of using farm tools.

 

  1. List the factors that determine a farmer’s choice of tools and equipment.

 

  1. i) Why should tools and equipment to maintained well?

 

  1. ii)  How should tools and equipment be maintained?

 

  1. List the safety precautions necessary for tools and equipment

 

  1. How is friction reduces in moving parts?

 

  1. Name the categories of farm tools and equipment.

 

  1. a)  State the importance of land preparation.

 

  1. b) i) What is primary cultivation?

 

  1. ii)  Which factors influence choice of tools for primary cultivation.

 

  1. i)  What is secondary cultivation?

 

  1. ii)  Give reasons for secondary cultivation?

 

  1. i)  Define minimum tillage

 

iii)  State reasons for practising minimum tillage.

 

  1. Name the factors that determine the number of tillage operations during seedbed preparation.

 

  1. a)  List the sources of water on the farm.

 

  1. How is water conveyed from one point to another?

 

  1. State how water is stored on a farm

 

  1. i)  Name the types of water pipes.

 

  1. ii)  Mention the types of metal pipe

 

     iii)  What features are considered when buying plastic pipes?

 

  1. Name the types of water pumps to be used on the farm.

 

  1. i)  Why should water be treated before use?

 

  1. ii)  State the methods of treating water on the farm.

iii)  How is water used on the farm?

 

  1. a) i)  What is irrigation?

 

  1. ii)  List the factors to consider in deciding to irrigate crops.

 

  1. b) List the major types of irrigation

 

  1. a)  What is land reclamation?

 

  1. State the importance of land reclamation

 

  1. List the methods re

 

  1. a)  i)  What are farm 

 

  1. List types of records kept on mixed farms.

 

  1. List types of records kept by crop farmers.

 

  1. a) i) What are livestock

 

  1. ii)  Give examples of livestock

 

  1. b) i) Explain the role of livestock in human life food supply.

 

  1. ii)  List factors that affect livestock industry in Kenya.

 

  1. c)  i) List dairy breeds of cattle

 

  1. ii)  State their characteristics.

Well attached udder

Short, well set legs

Feminine appearance

Long, thin tail.

 

  1. i)  Name beef cattle breeds.

 

  1. ii)  What are the characteristics of beef cattle.

 

  1. Name the important rabbit breeds in Kenya.

 

  1. i)  Which is the common species of camel in Kenya?

 

  1. ii)  State the uses of camels

 

  1. ii)  State the general characteristics of camels.

 

  1. i) What is the reasons for keeping poultry?

 

  1. List the characteristics of broilers.

 

  1. List the characteristics of broilers.

      

  1. Name the major breeds of sheep in Kenya and indicate the purpose they are kept for 

 

  1. Name important goat breeds and their uses

 

  1. Name important pig breeds kept in Kenya.

 

  1. i)  Give the meanings of exotic and to indigenous breeds.

 

  1. State the characteristics of exotic cattle that make them better suited to marginal areas than exotic cattle breeds.

 

  1. What are the advantages of keeping a Jersey cow instead of Friesian for production of milk?

 

  1. i) State the general characteristics of exotic cattle breeds.

 

  1. ii)  Give the characteristics of indigenous cattle

 

FORM TWO TOPICS.

 

  1. a)  i)  What is soil fertility?

 

  1. State the characteristics of a fertile soil.

 

  1. How can a fertile soil loss its fertility

 

iv).  State the ways of maintaining or improving soil fertility

 

  1. i)  What are plant nutrients?

 

  1. ii)  Name the major plant nutrients (macro-nutrients)

 

  1. State the roles and deficiency of the following nutrients in plants.
  1. i)  Nitrogen uses.

 

Deficiency.

 

Excessive supply

 

  1. Phosphorous used.

 

Deficiency

 

  1. Potassium uses.

 

Deficiency.

 

  1. i)  What is soil sampling?

 

  1. List the methods of soil sampling.

 

  1. State the reasons for soil testing:

 

  1. Explain the procedure of soil sampling:

 

  1. State precautions necessary during soils sampling

 

  1. Name the methods of detecting nutrient deficiency in crops:

 

  1. State the importance of soil PH to a crop:

 

  1. a)  i)  Differentiate between manure and fertilizer:

 

  1. List the common organic manures

 

b). i)  What is organic matter?

 

  1. State the importance of organic matter

 

  1. How can organic matter be added to soil?

 

  1. c) i)  Describe how to make farm Yard manure:

 

  1. ii) State the factors determining quality of farm yard manure

 

iii)  Give the advantages of using Farm Yard Manure over fertilizer:

 

  1. Give the disadvantages of using farm yard manure

 

  1. d)  i) State the factors to consider when citing a compost pit.

 

  1. Describe how to make compost manure

 

  1. i)  How is green manuring done on the farm?

 

  1. List the characteristics of green manure crops:

 

  1. What are the advantages of green manuring?

 

  1. a)  Classify fertilizers by nutrient content.

 

  1. b) i)  Name the common nitrogenous fertilizers.

 

  1. State properties of nitrogenous fertilizers/ (characteristics)

 

  1. When are they applied and why at that time?

 

  1. c)  i) Name the common phosphatic fertilizers:

 

  1. When are they applied and why at the time?

 

  1. i)  Name the common potassic fertilizers

 

  1. Characteristics:

 

  1. i)  What is fertilizer application?

 

  1. List the methods of fertilizer application:

 

  1. What is top dressing?

 

  1. i)  Calculate the amount of K2O (potassium chloride) contained in 400 kg of a compound fertilizer 25:10:5 – 5kg of K2O is contained in 100kg of 25:10:5 

Therefore: 400kg of fertilizer contains (400 x 5) = 20kg of K2O 

            100

  1. A farmer is to apply a compound fertilizer 20:30:10 on a vegetable plot measuring 5 metres long by 4 metres wide, at the rate of 200kg per hectare.
  1. Calculate the amount of the fertilizer the farmer would require for the plot.  (show your working)

        10,000

 

  1. What do the figures 20, 30 and 10 in the fertilizer stand for 

 

  1. How much of a fertilizer labeled (20:20:10) should be applied to a plot which requires 30 kg P2O5?

20

  1. a) i) State the importance of the nitrogen cycle

 

  1. Describe the nitrogen cycle:

 

Denitrifying 

    bacteria

 

 

  1. What happens to nitrogen in the soil?

 

  1. b)  i)  State the importance of carbon cycle

 

  1. Describe the carbon 

 

 

  1. How is carbon lost?

 

  1. How can carbon be restored to the atmosphere?

 

  1. a) i)  Define crop propagation.

 

  1. What are the methods of crop propagation?

 

  1. b)  i)  List the different methods of vegetative propagation:

 

  1. State advantages of vegetative propagation.

 

  1. State its disadvantages.

 

  1. i) What are the advantages of seed propagation

 

  1. State the disadvantages of seed propagation

 

  1. i) Give the advantages of early planting

 

  1. State the factors to consider when selecting seeds or other planting materials for planting

 

  1. What are the reasons for seed selection?

 

  1. What practices are carried out for seeds to ensure that they germinate?

 

  1. i)  List the methods of planting

 

  1. State the advantages of row planting.

 

  1. State the factors which influence planting depth.

 

  1. What factors determine crop spacing?

 

  1. State the advantages of correct spacing

 

  1. Why is correct plant population necessary?

 

  1. Name the treatments necessary on planting materials before planting?

 

  1. List the field practices on crops;

 

  1. i)  What is crop rotation?

 

  1. Why is crop rotation important?

 

  1. State the factors to consider when planning a crop rotation system:

 

  1. Why is it important to include a grass loy in a rotation programme?

 

  1. i)  What factors influence the time and stage at which crops are harvested?

 

  1. Mention the harvesting methods

 

  1. How can crops be prepared before storage?

 

  1. Why dry grains before storage?

 

  1. What factors are considered when grading crops for market?

 

  1. i)  List the various storage structures on farms

 

  1. State the problems farmers face in storage of produce from farms.

 

  1. List the features a good crop storage structure has

 

  1. a)  What is a nursery?

 

  1. State the reasons for using a nursery.

 

  1.  State the nurseries management practices.

 

  1. Explain the following nursery practices.
  1. i)   Pricking out.

 

  1. Hardening off.

 

  1. Rogueing.

 

  1. a)  i)  What is health and  diseases

 

  1. State the importance of keeping livestock healthy

 

  1. State the signs of illness in cattle

 

  1.  List the causes of animal diseases:

 

  1. What are the categories of diseases?

 

  1. State the general methods of disease control.

 

  1. a)  What is a parasite?

 

  1. i)  What are external parasites?

 

  1. State examples of external parasites:

 

  1. State the signs of infestation by external parasites:

 

  1. List the harmful effects of external parasites.

 

  1. i)  State the categories of tick.

 

  1. ii) Give the stage of tick’s life cycle in proper order

 

iii)  How are ticks controlled?

 

  1. i)  What are internal parasites?

 

  1. Give examples of internal parasites
  1. List the harmful effects of internal parasites:

 

  1. State the methods of controlling internal parasites of livestock.

 

  1. a)  Name intermediate hosts for:
  1. i)  Tape worm
  1. Liver fluke

 

  1. Why should drenching alone not be an affective control measure for livestock

 

  1. a)  What is nutrition?

 

  1. Describe the various nutritional elements:
  1. i)   Carbohydrates

 

  1. Proteins
  1. Fats

 

  1. Vitamins.

 

  1. Minerals.

 

  1. Water 

Functions:

 

  1. Factors influencing intake.

 

  1. Explain what the following means:
  1. i)   Concentrates

 

  1. Roughage

 

  1. What is a ration?

 

  1. Explain the meaning and importance of.
  1. i)    Balanced ration

 

  1. Production ration:

 

  1. Maintenance ration.

 

  1. State the desirable characteristics of a livestock ration:

 

  1. a)  i)  Outline the main differences between ruminants and non-ruminants

 

  1. Draw a ruminant stomach e.g cow and explain the functions of the four chambers. 

 

Rumen:

 

Reticulum 

 

Omasum 

 

Abomasum

 

  1. How is grass digested in the rumen of an adult ruminant?

 

  1. State the functions of the following parts of poultry digestive system.
  1. i)    Crop

 

  1. ii) Gizzard 

 

  1. a)  i) Draw the reproductive system of a hen and explain the stage taken during 

         the formation of an egg.

 

Ovary

 

Infindibulum 

 

Magnum

 

Isthmus

 

Uterus/ shell gland

 

Vagina

 

Cloaca 

 

  1. Draw a clearly labeled diagram to show the reproductive system of a cow and   state the functions of the labeled parts.

 

Fallopian tube.

 

Ovary.

 

Uterus 

 

Vagina and Vulva.

 

  1. b) i)  What is selection in animal breeding?

 

  1. State the factors to consider during selection.

 

  1. i) What is breeding?

 

  1. ii)  State the importance of breeding.

 

  1. Give the methods of mating cattle

 

  1. i)  What is natural mating?

 

  1. State its advantages

 

  1. State the disadvantages of natural mating?

 

  1. Explain the main systems of breeding.
  1. i)   Grading up

 

  1. Line breeding

 

  1. Cross breeding

Meaning:

 

Reasons:

 

  What is hybrid vigour?

 

  1. Outcrossing

 

  1. Inbreeding.

 

Meaning.

 

Aim 

 

Disadvantages

 

  1. i)  What is artificial insemination?

 

  1. State its advantages.

 

  1. Give the disadvantages.

 

  1. a)  Discuss sheep management from selection of breeding stock to lambing.
  1. i)   Selection of breeding stock.

 

  1. Breeding

 

  1. Management during gestation

 

  1. Lambing management.

 

  1. Disease the management of lambs from birth upto and including weaning.

 

  1. a) i)  Describe the factors to consider when selecting a gilt for breeding.

 

  1. What characteristics should be considered when selecting a breeding boar?

 

  1. What preparations should be carried out for a sow one weak before she farrows?

 

  1. Discuss the management of piglets from farrowing to weaning time.

 

  1. How would you rear a gilt from weaning time to the time it farrows?

 

  1. i)  Give the reasons for culling a breeding boar.

 

  1. Why should a breeding sow be culled?

 

  1. a)  Why are goats suited to most parts of Kenya?

 

  1. What are the various management practices a goat farmer should carry out?

 

  1. Give the methods of improving dairy goats.

 

  1. a)  State the factors that should be considered when selecting rabbits for breeding.

 

  1. Why is it important that rabbits are fed on a balanced diet?

 

  1. List the heat signs in a doe.

 

  1. Name the types of rabbits keeping.

 

  1. State the general routine management practices necessary to protect rabbits from diseases and parasites.

 

  1. a) State the uses of bees on the farm.

 

  1. Give the functions of the various classes of bees found in a beehive.

 

  1. How can bees be attracted to a hive?

 

  1. i) When is it recommended to harvest honey?

 

  1. State why smoke should be used when harvesting honey, but not fire.

 

  1. What precautions are necessary when harvesting honey?

 

  1. i) Name diseases of bees.

 

  1. Give examples of pests of bees.

 

  1. What makes the camel suited to living and working in desert conditions?

 

  1. Mention the uses of donkeys.

 

  1. b) What management practices are necessary to enable a donkey work 

     efficiently?

 

  1. a)  i)  Explain cropping in fish farming.

 

  1. What is fish harvesting?

 

  1. List the features that are necessary in fish-pond construction.

 

  1. Explain the maintenance practices necessary for a fish pond.

 

  1. a)  i)  How can skin of an animal be damaged while animal is still alive?

 

  1. State the treatment given to hides and skins after flaying.

 

  1. What are the uses of hides and skins?

 

  1. b) i)  Give reasons why honey harvesting at night is not encouraged.

 

  1. Describe the procedure of harvesting honey.

 

  1. State the methods of extracting honey from honey combs

 

  1. iv)  What factors influence the quality of honey?

 

  1. c)   Describe hoe to kill and prepare a rabbit carcass

 

  1. i)  State the difference between wool and hair.

 

  1. What is fleece?

 

  1. Give the qualities of good wool.

 

  1. List the precautions to be taken during the sheep shearing process to ensure good quality wool

 

  1. How are fish processed before cooking?

 

  1. ii)  List the methods of preserving fish before sale to consumers

 

 

FORM THREE TOPICS

 

  1. a)  Define farm layout

 

  1. What is a good layout

 

  1. State the factors to consider when planning the layout of a mixed farm.

 

  1. a)  List the common structures found on the farm.

 

  1. Explain the factors to be considered in constructing a farm structure
  1. i)   Sitting

 

  1. Orientation.

 

  1. Design / purpose

 

  1. Materials 
  1. Capital.

 

  1. Flexibility.

 

  1. Construction skills

 

  1. Governments regulations

 

  1. Type of building

 

  1. Future expansion

 

  1. State the factors to consider when selecting materials to construct farm structures.

 

  1. i)  Name the types of fences used on farms.

 

  1. State the advantages of barbed wire fence and any of its disadvantages in livestock farming.

Advantages

Disadvantages.

 

  1. How are fences constructed?

 

  1. Describe the uses of farm fences.

 

  1. What maintenance practices are carried out on farm fences?

 

  1. State the uses of a crush.

 

  1. (i)  Name the main sections of a cattle dip stating its functions.

 

  1. State the main use of a dip.

 

  1. State the factors to consider when planning to construct a grain store.

 

  1. i)  State the features of an ideal calf porn

 

  1. What facts influence siting of calf pens? 

 

  1. Give the maintenance practices of a permanent calf pen.

 

  1. Name the types of calf pens.

 

  1. i)  What are the requirements for constructing a poultry house for deep litter   system?

 

  1. Give the maintenance practices necessary in a dip litter poultry house.

 

  1. i)  State the factors to consider in siting a rabbit hutch.

 

  1. What factors should be considered in selecting the construction materials?

 

  1. Give the environment of a rabbit hutch.

 

  1. State the reasons for raising rabbit hutches above ground level.

 

  1. i)  State the factors to consider when designing a piggery to ensure good health of pigs.

 

  1. a)  State the reasons why maintenance of farm structures is important.

 

  1. a)   i)  What is land tenure?

 

  1. List the land tenure

 

  1. i)  What is land refers?

 

  1. State the methods of land refers.

 

  1. i)  Distinguish between settlement and resettlement.

 

  1. State the objectives of settlement and resettlement

 

  1. What were the contributions of settlement schemes?

 

  1.   a)  i)  What is soil erosion?

 

  1. Name the types of soil erosion.

 

  1. State the factors which influence the rate of soil erosion.

 

  1. i)  What is soil conservation

 

  1. State the reasons for soil conservation

 

  1. List the methods of soil and water conservation.

 

  1. a)  What is a weed?

 

  1. How are weed classified?

 

  1. List the economic classes caused by weeds.

 

  1. Describe the wed control methods
  1. Cultural

Includes mulching, cover cropping, field hygiene, timely planting, crop rotation, using clean planting materials, etc.

 

  1. Mechanical:

 

  1. Biological

 

  1. Chemicals.

 

  1. a)  i)  What is a crop pest?

 

  1. ii) Name the categories of crop pest?
  1. How can pests be controlled on the farm?

 

  1. What is integrated pest management?

 

  1. i)  What is a plant disease.

 

  1. Name the disease causing factors in crops.

 

  1. List the various practices carried out in the field to control crop diseases.

 

  1. Discuss the growing of the following crops.
  1. Sorghum
  1. i)  Seedbed preparation

 

  1. Planting

 

  1. Weeding

 

  1. Field management practices

 

  1. Pests and diseases.

 

  1. Harvesting

 

  1. Maize
  1. i)  Seedbed preparation

 

  1. Planting

 

  1. Weeding

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pests control

 

  1. Disease control

 

  1. Harvesting

 

  1. Cassava 
  1. i)    Basic requirements

 

  1. Seedbed preparation and planting

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pest control

 

  1. Diseases.

 

  1. Harvesting 

 

  1. Millet
  1. i)   Basic requirements

 

  1. Seedbed preparation and planting

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pest control

 

  1. Disease control
  1. Harvesting 

 

  1. Sweet potatoes
  1. i)   Basic requirements

 

  1. Seedbed preparation and planting

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pest and disease control

 

  1. Harvesting.

 

  1. Rice.
  1. i)   Areas where grown

 

  1. Conditions necessary for growing rice.

 

  1. Planting / transplanting.
  1. Fertilizers

 

  1. Weeds

 

Pests Control
  • Birds
  • Scaring
  • Rice hispid, stem
  • Spray with BHC, DDT dimention
  • Field rats
  • Field rat poison

 

Diseases Control
  • Rice blast
  • Use loss nitrogen
  • Use resistant varieties
  • yellow mottling
  • Quarantine. 
  1. Water regulation.

 

  1. Harvesting

 

  1. a)  What do the following terms mean?
  1. i)  Pasture 

 

  1. Forage Crop

 

  1. A forage plant that is grown, harvested and given to livestock when ready.

 

  1. Outline the methods that can be used to improve permanent potatoes.

 

  1. What factors determine the forage crop species to be established at a place?

 

  1. i)  In which form can pasture be considered?

 

  1. Why is it important to conserve pasture?

 

  1. a)  List the routes though which pathogens can enter the body of an animal.

 

  1. i)  What is immunity?

 

  1. Name the types of immunity.

 

  1. What is a vector?

 

  1. Explain the term incubation in livestock diseases

 

  1. Discuss the following diseases under appropriate sub-headings.
  1. Red water
  1. i)   Causal agent

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control measures

 

  1. Anthrax
  1. i)   Causal agent

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control measures

 

  1. Newcastle
  1. i) Causal agent

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control measures.
  1. East Cost Fever (ECF)
  1. i)  Causal organism

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control

 

  1. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
  1. i)   Causal agent

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control

 

  1. Foot rot disease
  1. i) Cause

 

  1. Symptoms
  1. Control 

 

  1. Brucellesis (contagious abortion)
  1. i) Cause

 

  1. Symptoms

 

  1. Control

 

  1. a)  i)  Name the sources of farm power

 

  1. Mention the ways in which solar energy is used on the farm.

 

  1. Give the disadvantages of using wood fuel or charcoal as a source of power.
  1. i)  What are the requirements for animals used as a source of farm power?

 

  1. Give the benefits of using animal power on the farm.

 

  1. State the limitations of using animal power

 

  1. i)  State the advantages of farm mechanization.

 

  1. What are its disadvantages?

 

  1. Why is mechanisation on small scale farming not worthwhile?

 

  1. i) Name the tractor drawn implements.

 

  1. Name the animal drawn implements.

 

  1. State the functions of the following parts of a mouldboard plough.
  1. i)    Landside

 

  1. Mouldboard

 

  1. Coulter

 

  1. Share point.

 

  1. Frog

 

  1. State the functions of the following principal parts of a disc plough.
  1. i)

 

  1. Hitch most.

 

  1. Scrapper 

 

  1. Disc.

 

  1. Hub

 

  1. Standard

 

  1. Springs 

 

  1. Furrow wheel

 

  1. Crossbar
  1. Hitch point
  1. i)  State the sources of tractor hire services

 

  1. Give the advantages of tractor hire services.

 

  1. What are its disadvantages?

           

 

FORM FOUR TOPICS.

 

  1. a)  Discuss the management of dairy cattle to ensure high milk production.
  1. i)   Selection

 

  1. Breeding management

 

  1. Feeding management.

 

  1. Housing

 

  1. Disease and parasite control

 

  1. General management practices.

 

  1. Describe the management of a dairy cow from the time of conception until calving (gestation period)

 

  1. Explain the management practices of a dairy calf from birth until it is ready for the first service.

 

  1. Describe the procedure of training a calf to drink milk from a bucked after separating it from its mother.

 

  1. What is zero grazing?

 

  1. State the advantages of zero grazing

 

  1. List the limitation of zero grazing

 

  1. Discuss the management of beef cattle from birth until it is ready to be sold as steer.

 

  1. a)  Describe the preparations one would make before the arrival of day old chicks on the farm.

 

  1. Discuss the artificial rearing of layer chicks from day old upto the end of brooding.

 

  1. i)   What are growers?

 

  1. Discuss briefly the rearing of growers upto the point of lay

 

  1. Describe the management of layers in deep litter system starting from the point of lay.

 

  1. a)  State the tests that should be carried out to determine the quality of fresh eggs.

 

  1. List the factors that should be considered when grading eggs for marketing.

 

  1. i)  What is candling?

 

  1. Describe how to candle an egg

 

  1. State the reasons for candling an egg

 

  1. Explain the occurrence of double yolked eggs

 

  1. a)  What is milk?

 

  1. Draw a well labelled diagram of a mammary glad.

 

  1. What is milk let-down?

 

  1. State the essentials of clean milk production.

 

  1. Explain the procedure of hand milking

 

  1. e)  State the factors which influence the amount of milk produced by a cow.

 

  1. Discuss the field production of the following crops.
  1. Tea
  1. i)  Biological requirements
  1. Land preparation

 

  1. Transplanting 

 

  1. Field management.

 

  1. Pests and diseases control

 

  1. Harvesting

 

  1. Cotton 
  1. i)  Ecological requirements

 

  1. Land preparation

 

  1. Planting.

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pests include cotton stainers, American Bellworm, pink bellworms and cotton lygus.
  1. Harvesting.

 

  1. Coffee.

 

  1. Land Preparation.

 

  1. Transplanting 

 

  1. Field management

 

  1. Pests and diseases

 

  1. Harvesting.

 

  1. Phyrethrum.
  1. i)   Biological factors

 

  1. Land preparation

 

  1. Selection of planting materials

 

  1. Transplanting 

 

  1. Field practices.

 

  1. Pests and diseases control

 

  1. Harvesting 

 

  1. Coconut 
  1. i)   Ecology

 

  1. Land preparation and planting

 

  1. Field Management

 

  1. Pests and Diseases

 

  1. Harvesting 

 

  1. Citrus 
  1. i) Ecology

 

  1. Land preparation and planting

 

  1. Field Management

 

  1. Pests and Diseases

 

  1. Harvesting

 

  1. a)  What do the following terms mean?
  1. i)   Total digestible nutrients (T.D.N)

 

  1. Starch Equivalent (S.E)

 

  1. Digestible crude protein (DCP)

 

  1. Dry matter (DM)

 

  1. Crude fibre

 

  1. State the factors that would affect the degree to which a given foodstuff would be digested by a 

 

  1. State the factors to consider when preparing foodstuffs for livestock

 

  1. A foodstuff contains 7% digestible crude protein (DCP) while another contains 62% D.C.P.  Calculate the amount of foodstuff, in kilograms required to prepare 100kg of poultry feed containing 20% D.C.P by using the pearson square method 

      7     42

 

  1.                                   13

55

Quantity of first foodstuff – 42/55 x 100 = 76.4kg

Quantity of second foodstuff = 13/55 x 100 = 23.6 kg

Total = 76.4 + 23.6 = 100kg.

 

  1. a)  i)  What is agricultural economics?

 

  1. Explain the meaning of scarcity and chice

 

  1. Explain how the house hold and firm are both producers and consumers.

 

  1. What do the following terms mean?
  1. i)  Gross domestic product (G.D.P)

 

  1. Gross national product (GNP)

 

  1. Per capital income

 

  1. i)  What does the term opportunity cost in farming mean? 

 

  1. State the main implications of opportunity cost in farming.

 

  1. When is opportunity cost nil or zero?

 

  1. a)  i)  What is production?

 

  1. State the factors of production.

 

  1. i)  Name the sources of capital for farming.

 

  1. How is labour classified?

 

  1. State the functions of farm manager

 

  1. i)  State the law of diminishing returns

 

  1. State agricultural examples of this law.

 

  1. i)  What is production function?

 

  1. Name the types of production function?

 

  1. What is a decreasing returns to a production function?

 

  1. State the ways in which farmers may improve the production efficiency in farming.

 

  1. i)  State the risks and uncertainties in farming

 

  1. Give the ways through which farmers may adjust to risks and uncertainties.

 

  1. State how the government helps farmers to overcome risks and uncertainties

 

  1. i)  What is gross margin?

 

  1. Use the information provided below to calculate the gross margin of beans per hectare.
  • Crop yields
 20 bags
  • Price per bag
 Shs. 2000
  • Casual labour
 Shs. 1,000
  • Purchase of seeds
 Shs. 3,000
  • Purchase of fertilizers
 Shs. 1,200
  • Ploughing
 Shs. 1,000
  • Purchase of gunny bags
 Shs.    300

 

Gross margin = gross output – variable costs

Gross output = yield x price

20 bags x shs. 2000/=

= shs. 40,000

 

Total variable costs = shs. (1000 + 3000 + 1200 + 1000 + 300 = 6,500)

Gross margin  =  shs. 40,000 – 6,500 = 33,500/=

 

  1. What are the uses of gross margin analysis?

 

  1. i)  What is budgeting?

 

  1. Name the types of farm budgets.

 

  1. State the importance of budgeting in farming

 

  1. What factors should be considered when selecting a farm enterprise?

 

  1. Name the sources of agricultural support services available to farmers.

 

  1. i)  What is agricultural credit?

 

  1. Name types of agricultural credit and state their uses.

 SHORT TERM

 

MEDIUM TERM.

 

LONG TERM

 

  1. a)  State the uses of the following financial documents
  1. i)   Invoices

 

  1. Receipts

 

  1. Delivery notes

 

  1. Purchase order

 

  1. What are the uses of the following financial books?
  1. i)    Ledger 

 

  1. Journal

 

  1. Inventory 

 

  1. Cash book

 

  1. List the financial statements which are usually prepared on a farm.

 

  1. i)  What is a balance sheet?

 

  1. State the uses of a balance sheet

 

  1. i)  State the uses of a profit and loss account

 

  1. What is opening valuation in profit and loss account?

 

  1. Name the various columns that should be shown in a cash analysis.

 

  1. i)  What is a statement in financial accounts
  1. Explain the meaning of solvent and insolvent in a farming situation

 

  1. a)   Explain the following terms.
  1. i)   Market
  1. Marketing.

 

  1. State the following laws.
  1. i)   Law of demand

 

  1. Law of supply

 

  1. State the factors which affect price of goods

 

  1. What is equilibrium price?

 

  1. State the various marketing functions

 

  1. List the problems of marketing agricultural goods
  1. Name the agents and institutions that are involved in marketing agricultural products.

 

  1. a)  i)   what is a cooperative?

 

  1. Outline the procedure of forming a cooperative society

 

  1. State the principles that govern the operations of farmers cooperative societies.

 

  1. State the functions of cooperative societies

 

  1. What problems are faced by cooperative societies?

 

  1. i)  What is a statutory board?

 

  1. State the functions of statutory boards

 

  1. State the functions of each of the following farmers organisations
  1. i) Kenya farmers National Union (KNFU)

 

  1. Agricultural society of Kenya (ASK)

 

  1. 4 – K CLUBS

 

 

  1. Young farmers Clubs (YFC)

 

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