WK
Table of Contents
hide NO | L/ NO | TOPIC/ SUBTOPIC | LESSON / SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES | TEACHING / LEARNING ACTIVITIES | MATERIALS / RESOURCES | REFERENCES | REMARKS |
| 1 | 1
| TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Introduction.
Transport in plants
Transport in simple plants. | By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define transport.
Explain importance of transport in plants and animals. Describe transport in simple plants. |
Q/A and discussion; Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.
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K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 1 | ||
| External structure of the root. | Relate the external structure of the root to its function.
State primary functions of roots.
| Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot. Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot. Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions. Q/A: Functions of roots.
| Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.
Petri-dish Razor blade. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 1-2 | |||
| 2 | Internal structure of the root. | Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions. | Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots. Discuss functions of the labeled parts.
| Permanent slides of roots, microscope, wallchart. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 2-4 |
SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM ONE 20
| Structure and functions of the stem. | To describe structural organization of stems. To state primary functions of the stem.
| Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.
Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 5 | ||||||
| 3 | Internal structure of the stem. | To draw and label internal stem structures. | Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems. | Wall charts – Internal structure of the stem. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 5- 7 | ||||
| 4 | Absorption of water and mineral salts. | To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.
| Discussion and Explanations. | Wall charts – Root hairs. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 7 – 9 | ||||
| 2 | 1 | Significance and types of Transpiration. | To explain significance of transpiration. To state and explain types of transpiration. | Probing questions, Discussion, Explanations. | Wall charts – Internal structure of a leaf. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 9-10, 12 | |||
| Factors affecting rate of transpiration. | To state and explain factors affecting transpiration. | Q/A: Discussion Explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 12- 14 | ||||||
| 2
| The Xylem tissue.
Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
| To describe the structure of xylem tissue.
To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
| Q/A: Discussion Explanations Drawing diagrams.
| Wall charts-The xylem tissue. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 10-12 | ||||
| 3 | Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | Class experiments: Transpiration on both sides of a broad leaf. Making observations on colour changes of cobalt II Chloride paper.
| Cobalt II Chloride paper Forceps. Potometer. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 14 – 16 | ||||
| Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. | Discuss above observations. Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces. Answer questions. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 18 | ||||||
| 4 | Translocation of organic compounds. | To define translocation. To describe the structure of phloem tissue. | Q/A: To review photosynthesis. Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue. Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.
| Chart – phloem tissue. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 17 | ||||
| 3 | 1
| Transport in Animals.
Open and closed circulatory systems.
Open circulatory system in insects. |
To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.
To discuss open circulatory system in insects.
|
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing and labeling diagrams.
|
Charts- Circulatory systems. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 18 – 19 | |||
| 2 | Single and double circulatory systems. | To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems. | Exposition and discussion. Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point. | Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 18-20 | PP.20-21 | |||
| The mammalian heart – external structure. | To describe the external structure of the heart. | Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart. | Model of a heart. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 21 – 22 | |||||
| 3 | Internal structure of mammalian heart. | Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts. | Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart. | Model of a heart, wallcharts. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 22 -23 | ||||
| 4 | Pumping mechanism of the heart. | To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.
| Discussion and Explanations. Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.
| Stopwatches. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 23 – 24 | ||||
| 4 | 1 | Pulse rate. | Explain the origin of pulse. Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate. | Record number of pulses before and after an exercise. Brief discussion.
| Stopwatches. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 30 – 31 | |||
| 2
3 | Structure of arteries.
Major arteries. | To describe the structure of arteries.
To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.
| Discussion Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.
| Chart- cross-section of an artery. Chart-circulatory system. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 25 | ||||
| 4 | C.A.T. | ||||||||
| 5 | MID TERM BREAK | ||||||||
| 6 | 1 | Veins.
| To describe the structure of veins. To explain the need for valves in veins. To state differences between veins and arteries.
| Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery. Discussion and explanations.
| Chart- cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 27-29 | |
| 2 | Capillaries. | To describe the structure of capillaries. To explain the role of capillaries in transport | Discussion and explanations.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 25-26 | |||
| 3,4 | Diseases and defects of the circulatory system. | To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system. | Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system. Suggest methods of prevention and control.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 31 – 32 | |||
| 7 | 1
2 | Composition of blood.
The plasma. | To state the constituents of blood plasma. To identify functions of plasma.
| Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 32 – 33 | ||
| 3,4 | Red blood cells. | To state the functions of red blood cells. To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.
| Detailed discussion and explanations. | Wall charts. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 33 – 34 |
| 8 | 1 | White blood cells. | To describe the structure of white blood cells. To state functions of white blood cells. | Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 34 – 35 | ||
| 2 | Platelets. | To describe the structure of platelets. To state functions of platelets. | Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 35 | |||
| 3,4 | Blood clotting. | To describe the blood clotting process.
To explain importance of blood clotting.
| Exposition of new concepts. Detailed discussion. | Blood smear, microscope. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 36 | ||
| 9 | 1,
2 | Blood groups,
Antigens and antibodies. | To identify the four blood groups. To identify compatible blood groups. | Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present. | Chart- blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages | |
| 3,4 | Blood transfusion. | To define blood transfusion. To identify compatible blood groups. To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.
| Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups. Open discussion. Completing a table of compatible blood groups. | Blood transfusion resource person. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 30 – 31 | ||
| 10 | END OF TERM ONE EXAMINATIONS | ||||||
| SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM TWO 2021
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WKNO | L/ NO | TOPIC/ SUBTOPIC | LESSON / SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES | TEACHING / LEARNING ACTIVITIES | MATERIALS / RESOURCES | REFERENCES | REMARKS | ||
| 1 | 1 | The Rhesus factor. | To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance. | Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies. Exposition, discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 38 | ||||
| 2 | Lymph. | To describe formation and functions of lymph. | Exposition, discussion and explanations. | Chart- the lymphatic system. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 38 – 40 | ||||
| 3,4 | Immune responses. | To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity. To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.
| Detailed explanations and open discussion. To explain the role of vaccination / immunization. Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.
| Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against; Resource person. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Pages 40 – 41 | ||||
| 2 | 1 | Allergic reactions. | To define an allergic reaction. To identify ways in which allergy presents itself. To explain cause of allergic reactions.
| Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.
Exposition and brief explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 43 | ||||
| Organ transplant. | To identify organs that are normally transplanted. | Q/A: Organs transplanted.
Superficial discussion.
Topic review. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 Page 43 | ||||||
| 2 | GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Introduction.
Gaseous exchange in plants. |
To explain importance of gaseous exchange.
To describe gaseous exchange in plants. |
Discussion Explanations
Q/A: Products of respiration. Detailed discussion.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 48 | |||||
| Release of CO2 by plants. | To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants. | Class experiments including control experiments.
Explain the observations made.
| Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 49 | |||||
| 3 | Release of O2 by plants. | To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.
| Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved. Discuss observations. | Gas jar, Glass funnel, Water plant, Beaker. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 49 | ||||
| 3 | 1 | Stomata. | To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.
| Detailed discussion. Drawing diagrams. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 51 | ||||
| 2 | Opening & closing of stomata. | To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.
| Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 51 | |||||
| 3,4 | Stomata and habitats of plants. | To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata. To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.
| Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
Discuss the observations. | Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 51 | ||||
| 4 | 1 | Lenticels. | To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.
| Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 52 | ||||
| 2 | Respiratory surfaces in animals. | To define a respiratory surface. To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces. To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
| Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface. Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 53 | |||||
| 3,4 | Gaseous exchange in protozoa. | To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba. | Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba. Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 53 | |||||
| 5 | 1,2 | Gaseous exchange in insects. | To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects | Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper. Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system. Detailed discussion.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 53, 54 | ||||
| 3,4 | Breathing in insects. | To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect. | Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
| Live specimens of insects, Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 56 | ||||
| 6 | 1 | Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | Observing and counting spiracles on the abdomen of an insect. | Live specimens of insects, Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 56 | |||
| 2 | Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. | Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof. | Live specimens of insects.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 56 | ||||
| 3,4 | Gaseous exchange in a bony fish. | To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish. To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface. To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
| Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions. Detailed discussion. | A gill of a fish. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 56-57 | ||||
| 7 | 1,2 | C.A.T. | |||||||
| 3,4 | Gaseous exchange in amphibians. | To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog. | Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog. Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 58 | |||||
| 8 | 1 | Gaseous exchange in mammals.
| To list down parts of the tracheal system in man. To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
| Discuss at length man’s respiratory system. | Wall chart- Respiratory system in man. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 59 | |||
| The structure of the lungs. | To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions. | Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations. | Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
| K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 60-1 | |||||
| 2 | Inhalation. | To describe the process of inhalation in man. | Showing movements of ribs during inhalation. Explain the inhalation mechanism.
| Chart / model of a rib cage. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 61-62 | ||||
| Exhalation. | To describe the process of exhalation in man. | Showing movements of ribs during exhalation. Explain the exhalation mechanism.
| Chart / model of a rib cage. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 61-62 | |||||
| 3 | Thoracic cavity model. | To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity. | Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity. Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
| Thoracic cavity model. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 61-63 | ||||
| 9 | 1 | Gaseous exchange in an alveolus. | To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus. To explain regulation of breathing in man.
| Discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 64 | ||||
| 2 | Rate of breathing in man. | To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.
| Discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 63 | |||||
| 3,4 | Intercostal muscles. | To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
| Detailed discussion. Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.
| Lime water, rib cage model. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 66 | ||||
| 10 | 1,2 | Inhaled and exhaled air. | To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale. | Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions. Brief discussion. | Lime water. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 67 | |||
| 3,4 | Diseases of the respiratory system. | To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases. | Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc. | Resource person. | K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 67-70 | ||||
| 11 | END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATIONS
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| SCHEME OF WORK FORM TWO BIOLOGY TERM THREE 2021
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WKNO | L/ NO | TOPIC/ SUBTOPIC | LESSON / SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES | TEACHING / LEARNING ACTIVITIES | MATERIALS / RESOURCES | REFERENCES | REMARKS | |||
| 1 | 1 | RESPIRATION
Introduction – Definition and importance of respiration.
| By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able: To define respiration. To explain significance of respiration. | Q/A: Definition
Brief discussion of significance of respiration. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 73-74 | |||||
| 2 | Burning food. | To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt. | Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample. Testing for the gas evolved during combustion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 73-74 | ||||||
| 3,4 | The mitochondrion. | To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration. | Drawing structure of the mitochondrion. Explain function of the mitochondrion. | Wall charts- The mitochond-rion | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 74 | |||||
| 2 | 1 | Aerobic respiration. | To explain phases of aerobic respiration. To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. | Detailed discussion. Writing down equations of food breakdown.
| K.L.B. BK 2 PP.74-76 | |||||
| 2 | Anaerobic respiration. | To describe anaerobic respiration. | Observe set up experiments. Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
| Glucose Yeast Thermometer
| K.L.B. BK 2 P.77 | |||||
| 3 | Oxygen “debt”. | To explain the term “oxygen debt”. To explain the effect of “oxygen debt” on the amount of energy released during respiration.
| Probing questions.
Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 P.78 | ||||||
| 4 | Applications of anaerobic respiration. | To explain applications of anaerobic respiration. | Q/A: Products of fermentation process. Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.
| K.L.B. BK 2 P. 79 | ||||||
| 3 | 1 | Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient. | To identify respiratory substrates in the body. To define respiratory quotient. To calculate R.Q. | Brief discussion/ explanations.
Exposition of definition and its significance. Problem solving. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 79 | |||||
| 2 | Rate of respiration. | To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration. | Detailed discussion and explanations. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 80-81 | ||||||
| 3,4 | EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
|
To define homeostasis and excretion. To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals. |
Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.
Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.
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| K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 83-84 | |||||
| 4 | CAT AND MID TERM BREAK | |||||||||
| 5 | 1 | Excretion in plants. | To name plants excretory products. To state uses of excretory products of plants.
| Probing questions. Exposition of new terms. Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products. | Some plants excretory products. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 83-84 | ||||
| Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms. | Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium. | Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba. Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.
| K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 84-85 | |||||||
| 2 | Excretion and homeostasis in animals. | To identify excretory organs in various animals. | Exposition and discussion. Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs. | Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
| K.L.B. BK 2 P. 85 | |||||
| 3 | The mammalian skin. | State functions of the mammalian skin as an excretory organ.
| Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin. Detailed discussion. | Wall chart- The mammalian skin. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP.85-86 | |||||
| 4 | The mammalian skin. | Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin. To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.
| Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
| K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 86-87 | ||||||
| 6 | 1 | The lungs. | To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.
| Exposition and discussion. | Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
| K.L.B. BK 2 P. 87 | ||||
| 2 | The kidneys structure.
| To describe the external structure of kidney. To describe the internal structure of the kidney. | Observe external features of a kidney. Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney. | Wall-Charts—internal organs of a kidney.
| K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 89-90 | |||||
| 3 | The nephron. | Describe features of the nephron. | Discuss features of the nephron. Draw structure of the nephron. Label the diagram. | Chart—Kidney nephron. | ||||||
| 4 | Urine formation. | To explain formation of urine. | Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 90-91 | ||||||
| 7 | 1 | The loop of Henle. | To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it’s adapted to its function. To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine. | Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions. | Chart- The nephron. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 91-92 | ||||
| Kidney diseases and disorders. | To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment. | Discussion and Explanations. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 92 | |||||||
| 2 | The Liver. | To draw and label a diagram of the liver. | Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver. | Chart-Structure of the liver | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 93-94 | |||||
| Deamination. | To explain the function of the liver in deamination. | Probing questions.
Discussion | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 95 | |||||||
| 3 | Other functions of the liver. | To state and explain other functions of the liver. | Probing questions. Discussion | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 95-96 | ||||||
| Liver disorders. | To name and discuss kidney disorders. To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
| Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 96-97 | |||||||
| 4 | Homeostasis. | To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis. | Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 97-98 | ||||||
| The feedback mechanism. | To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.
| Schematic representation of feedbacks.
Exposition and discussion. | Chart- Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 97-98 | ||||||
| 8 | 1 | The hypothalamus. | To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation. | Exposition and detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 98 | |||||
| 2 | The skin and thermoregulation. | To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation. | Exposition and discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 98 | ||||||
| 3,4 | Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation. | To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.
| Exposition and discussion. Drawing schematic diagrams. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 98- 99 | ||||||
| 9 | 1 | Homeostatic behavioral activities. | To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities. | Discussion on control of body temperature. Probing questions. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 99 | |||||
| 2 | Osmoregulation. | To describe water and salts balance in the body. | Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 100-101 | ||||||
| 3 | Blood sugar. | To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.
To explain regulation of blood sugar.
| Detailed discussion.
Detailed discussion. | K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 101-2
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| 4 | Diabetes. | To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus. To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus.
| Detailed discussion.
Probing questions.
Topic review. | K.L.B. BK 2 P. 103 | ||||||
| 10 | END OF YEAR EXAMINATIONS
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